@article{LammMetzger2013, author = {Lamm, Tobias and Metzger, Jan}, title = {Minimizers of the willmore functional with a small area constraint}, series = {ANNALES DE L INSTITUT HENRI POINCARE-ANALYSE NON LINEAIRE}, volume = {30}, journal = {ANNALES DE L INSTITUT HENRI POINCARE-ANALYSE NON LINEAIRE}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Paris}, issn = {0294-1449}, doi = {10.1016/j.anihpc.2012.10.003}, pages = {497 -- 518}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We show the existence of a smooth spherical surface minimizing the Willmore functional subject to an area constraint in a compact Riemannian three-manifold, provided the area is small enough. Moreover, we partially classify complete surfaces of Willmore type with positive mean curvature in Riemannian three-manifolds.}, language = {en} } @article{AbboudSendPashniaketal.2013, author = {Abboud, Ali and Send, Sebastian and Pashniak, N. and Leitenberger, Wolfram and Ihle, Sebastian and Huth, M. and Hartmann, Robert and Str{\"u}der, Lothar and Pietsch, Ullrich}, title = {Sub-pixel resolution of a pnCCD for X-ray white beam applications}, series = {Journal of instrumentation}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of instrumentation}, number = {3}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1748-0221}, doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/8/05/P05005}, pages = {17}, year = {2013}, abstract = {A new approach to achieve sub-pixel spatial resolution in a pnCCD detector with 75 x 75 mu m(2) pixel size is proposed for X-ray applications in single photon counting mode. The approach considers the energy dependence of the charge cloud created by a single photon and its split probabilities between neighboring pixels of the detector based on a rectangular model for the charge cloud density. For cases where the charge of this cloud becomes distributed over three or four pixels the center position of photon impact can be reconstructed with a precision better than 2 mu m. The predicted charge cloud sizes are tested at selected X-ray fluorescence lines emitting energies between 6.4 keV and 17.4 keV and forming charge clouds with size (rms) varying between 8 mu m and 10 mu m respectively. The 2 mu m enhanced spatial resolution of the pnCCD is verified by means of an x-ray transmission experiment throughout an optical grating.}, language = {en} } @article{MillerSakKirbyetal.2013, author = {Miller, Scott R. and Sak, Peter B. and Kirby, Eric and Bierman, Paul R.}, title = {Neogene rejuvenation of central appalachian topography evidence for differential rock uplift from stream profiles and erosion rates}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {369}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.007}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The persistence of topography within ancient orogens remains one of the outstanding questions in landscape evolution. In the eastern North American Appalachians, this question is manifest in the outstanding problem of whether topographic relief is in a quasi-equilibrium state, decaying slowly over many millennia, or whether relief has increased during the late Cenozoic. Here we present quantitative geomorphic data from the nonglaciated portion of the Susquehanna River drainage basin that provide insight into these end-member models. Analysis of channel profiles draining upland catchments in the northern Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont provinces reveals that a large number of streams have well defined knickpoints clustered at 300-600 m elevation but not systematically associated with transitions from weak to resistant substrate. Cosmogenic Be-10 inventories of modern stream sediment indicate that erosion rates are spatially variable, ranging from similar to 5-30 m/Myr above knickpoints to similar to 50-100 m/Myr below knickpoints. Overall, channel gradients, normalized for drainage area, scale linearly with catchment-averaged erosion rates. Collectively, regionally consistent spatial relationships among erosion rate, channel steepness, and knickpoints reveal an ongoing wave of transient channel adjustment to a change in relative base level. Reconstructions of relict channel profiles above knickpoints suggest that higher rates of incision are associated with similar to 100-150 m of relative base level fall that accompanied epierogenic rock uplift rather than a change to a more erosive climate or drainage reorganization. Channel response timescales imply that the onset of relative base level change predates similar to 3.5 Ma and may have begun as early as similar to 15 Ma. We suggest that adjustment of the channel network was likely driven by changes in mantle dynamics along the eastern seaboard of North America during the Neogene.}, language = {en} } @article{EinarssonBahrkeSigurdssonetal.2013, author = {Einarsson, Jon M. and Bahrke, Sven and Sigurdsson, Bjarni Thor and Ng, Chuen-How and Petersen, Petur Henry and Sigurjonsson, Olafur E. and Jonsson, Halldor and Gislason, Johannes and Thormodsson, Finnbogi R. and Peter, Martin G.}, title = {Partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides bind to YKL-40 and stimulate growth of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes}, series = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications}, volume = {434}, journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0006-291X}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.122}, pages = {298 -- 304}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Recent evidences indicating that cellular kinase signaling cascades are triggered by oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine (ChOS) and that condrocytes of human osteoarthritic cartilage secrete the inflammation associated chitolectin YKL-40, prompted us to study the binding affinity of partially acetylated ChOS to YKL-40 and their effect on primary chondrocytes in culture. Extensive chitinase digestion and filtration of partially deacetylated chitin yielded a mixture of ChOS (Oligomin(TM)) and further ultrafiltration produced T-ChOS(TM), with substantially smaller fraction of the smallest sugars. YKL-40 binding affinity was determined for the different sized homologues, revealing micromolar affinities of the larger homologues to YKL-40. The response of osteoarthritic chondrocytes to Oligomin(TM) and T-ChOS(TM) was determined, revealing 2- to 3-fold increases in cell number. About 500 mu g/ml was needed for Oligomin(TM) and around five times lower concentration for T-ChOS(TM), higher concentrations abolished this effect for both products. Addition of chitotriose inhibited cellular responses mediated by larger oligosaccharides. These results, and the fact that the partially acetylated T-ChOS(TM) homologues should resist hydrolysis, point towards a new therapeutic concept for treating inflammatory joint diseases.}, language = {en} } @article{ShaydukHerzogBojahretal.2013, author = {Shayduk, Roman and Herzog, Marc and Bojahr, Andre and Schick, Daniel and Gaal, Peter and Leitenberger, Wolfram and Navirian, Hengameh and Sander, Mathias and Goldshteyn, Jevgenij and Vrejoiu, Ionela and Bargheer, Matias}, title = {Direct time-domain sampling of subterahertz coherent acoustic phonon spectra in SrTiO3 using ultrafast x-ray diffraction}, series = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, volume = {87}, journal = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, number = {18}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1098-0121}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.87.184301}, pages = {7}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We synthesize sub-THz longitudinal quasimonochromatic acoustic phonons in a SrTiO3 single crystal using a SrRuO3/SrTiO3 superlattice as an optical-acoustic transducer. The generated acoustic phonon spectrum is determined using ultrafast x-ray diffraction. The analysis of the generated phonon spectrum in the time domain reveals a k-vector dependent phonon lifetime. It is observed that even at sub-THz frequencies the phonon lifetime agrees with the 1/omega(2) power law known from Akhiezer's model for hyper sound attenuation. The observed shift of the synthesized spectrum to the higher q is discussed in the framework of nonlinear effects appearing due to the high amplitude of the synthesized phonons.}, language = {en} } @article{OmranianKlieMuellerRoeberetal.2013, author = {Omranian, Nooshin and Klie, Sebastian and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {Network-based segmentation of biological multivariate time series}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {8}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0062974}, pages = {10}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Molecular phenotyping technologies (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) offer the possibility to simultaneously obtain multivariate time series (MTS) data from different levels of information processing and metabolic conversions in biological systems. As a result, MTS data capture the dynamics of biochemical processes and components whose couplings may involve different scales and exhibit temporal changes. Therefore, it is important to develop methods for determining the time segments in MTS data, which may correspond to critical biochemical events reflected in the coupling of the system's components. Here we provide a novel network-based formalization of the MTS segmentation problem based on temporal dependencies and the covariance structure of the data. We demonstrate that the problem of partitioning MTS data into k segments to maximize a distance function, operating on polynomially computable network properties, often used in analysis of biological network, can be efficiently solved. To enable biological interpretation, we also propose a breakpoint-penalty (BP-penalty) formulation for determining MTS segmentation which combines a distance function with the number/length of segments. Our empirical analyses of synthetic benchmark data as well as time-resolved transcriptomics data from the metabolic and cell cycles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrate that the proposed method accurately infers the phases in the temporal compartmentalization of biological processes. In addition, through comparison on the same data sets, we show that the results from the proposed formalization of the MTS segmentation problem match biological knowledge and provide more rigorous statistical support in comparison to the contending state-of-the-art methods.}, language = {en} } @article{NitschkeWangSchmiederetal.2013, author = {Nitschke, Felix and Wang, Peixiang and Schmieder, Peter and Girard, Jean-Marie and Awrey, Donald E. and Wang, Tony and Israelian, Johan and Zhao, XiaoChu and Turnbull, Julie and Heydenreich, Matthias and Kleinpeter, Erich and Steup, Martin and Minassian, Berge A.}, title = {Hyperphosphorylation of glucosyl C6 carbons and altered structure of glycogen in the neurodegenerative epilepsy lafora disease}, series = {Cell metabolism}, volume = {17}, journal = {Cell metabolism}, number = {5}, publisher = {Cell Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1550-4131}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.006}, pages = {756 -- 767}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Laforin or malin deficiency causes Lafora disease, characterized by altered glycogen metabolism and teenage-onset neurodegeneration with intractable and invariably fatal epilepsy. Plant starches possess small amounts of metabolically essential monophosphate esters. Glycogen contains similar phosphate amounts, which are thought to originate from a glycogen synthase error side reaction and therefore lack any specific function. Glycogen is also believed to lack monophosphates at glucosyl carbon C6, an essential phosphorylation site in plant starch metabolism. We now show that glycogen phosphorylation is not due to a glycogen synthase side reaction, that C6 is a major glycogen phosphorylation site, and that C6 monophosphates predominate near centers of glycogen molecules and positively correlate with glycogen chain lengths. Laforin or malin deficiency causes C6 hyperphosphorylation, which results in malformed long-chained glycogen that accumulates in many tissues, causing neurodegeneration in brain. Our work advances the understanding of Lafora disease pathogenesis and suggests that glycogen phosphorylation has important metabolic function.}, language = {en} } @article{MulanskyPikovskij2013, author = {Mulansky, Mario and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Energy spreading in strongly nonlinear disordered lattices}, series = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, volume = {15}, journal = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, number = {5}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/053015}, pages = {23}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We study the scaling properties of energy spreading in disordered strongly nonlinear Hamiltonian lattices. Such lattices consist of nonlinearly coupled local linear or nonlinear oscillators, and demonstrate a rather slow, subdiffusive spreading of initially localized wave packets. We use a fractional nonlinear diffusion equation as a heuristic model of this process, and confirm that the scaling predictions resulting from a self-similar solution of this equation are indeed applicable to all studied cases. We show that the spreading in nonlinearly coupled linear oscillators slows down compared to a pure power law, while for nonlinear local oscillators a power law is valid in the whole studied range of parameters.}, language = {en} } @article{KralemannPikovskijRosenblum2013, author = {Kralemann, Bj{\"o}rn and Pikovskij, Arkadij and Rosenblum, Michael}, title = {Detecting triplet locking by triplet synchronization indices}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {87}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.87.052904}, pages = {6}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We discuss the effect of triplet synchrony in oscillatory networks. In this state the phases and the frequencies of three coupled oscillators fulfill the conditions of a triplet locking, whereas every pair of systems remains asynchronous. We suggest an easy to compute measure, a triplet synchronization index, which can be used to detect such states from experimental data.}, language = {en} } @article{MirhajBoitRazzaketal.2013, author = {Mirhaj, M. and Boit, Alice and Razzak, M. A. and Wahab, M. A.}, title = {Yield performance comparison between cultures of rice cum prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and rice cum fish (Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis niloticus) in North-Eastern Bangladesh}, series = {Aquaculture : an international journal devoted to research on the exploration and improvement of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment, related directly or indirectly to human consumption}, volume = {392}, journal = {Aquaculture : an international journal devoted to research on the exploration and improvement of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment, related directly or indirectly to human consumption}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0044-8486}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.038}, pages = {26 -- 33}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Integrated and concurrent cultures in rice fields are a promising approach to sustainable farming as the demand for aquacultural and agricultural products continues to grow while land and water resources become increasingly scarce. Prawn farming mainly takes place in coastal regions in improved extensive to semi-intensive aquacultures but a trend to shift the industry to inland regions has been noticed. This inland study in Northern Bangladesh used different input regimes such as fertilizer and additional feed to compare the performance of prawn and fish in flooded paddy fields in regard to water quality measurements. Maximal net yields and body weight gain with minimized negative impact on water quality were found when initial body weights of prawn were optimized. Regarding yield factors in reference to the reduction of costs due to the avoidance of expensive fertilizer/feed and effort, prawn performed better than integrated fish cultures considering a higher market value of prawn with net yields of up to 97 +/- 55 kg ha(-1) for unfed and 151 +/- 61 kg ha(-1) for fed treatments. Rice yields of up to 4.7 +/- 0.1 t ha(-1) for unfed and 4.4 +/- 0.1 t ha(-1) were achieved for fed treatments. The findings suggest that for small scale farmers, prawn cum rice cultures are an economically profitable and comparatively easily manageable alternative to rice cum fish cultures.}, language = {en} } @article{FuechselTremblayKlamrothetal.2013, author = {F{\"u}chsel, Gernot and Tremblay, Jean Christophe and Klamroth, Tillmann and Saalfrank, Peter}, title = {Quantum dynamical simulations of the femtosecond-laser-induced ultrafast desorption of H2 and D2 from Ru(0001)}, series = {ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry}, volume = {14}, journal = {ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201200940}, pages = {1471 -- 1478}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We investigate the recombinative desorption of hydrogen and deuterium from a Ru(0001) surface initiated by femtosecond laser pulses. We adopt a quantum mechanical two-state model including three molecular degrees of freedom to describe the dynamics within the desorption induced by electronic transition (DIET) limit. The energy distributions as well as the state-resolved and ensemble properties of the desorbed molecules are analyzed in detail by using the time-energy method. Our results shed light on the experimentally observed 1) large isotopic effects regarding desorption yields and translational energies and 2) the nonequal energy partitioning into internal and translational modes. In particular, it is shown that a single temperature is sufficient to characterize the energy distributions for all degrees of freedom. Further, we confirm that quantization effects play an important role in the determination of the energy partitioning.}, language = {en} } @article{BaroniOrtuaniFacchietal.2013, author = {Baroni, Gabriele and Ortuani, B. and Facchi, A. and Gandolfi, C.}, title = {The role of vegetation and soil properties on the spatio-temporal variability of the surface soil moisture in a maize-cropped field}, series = {Journal of hydrology}, volume = {489}, journal = {Journal of hydrology}, number = {7}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.007}, pages = {148 -- 159}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Soil moisture dynamics are affected by complex interactions among several factors. Understanding the relative importance of these factors is still an important challenge in the study of water fluxes and solute transport in unsaturated media. In this study, the spatio-temporal variability of surface soil moisture was investigated in a 10 ha flat cropped field located in northern Italy. Soil moisture was measured on a regular 50 x 50 m grid on seven dates during the growing season. For each measurement campaign, the spatial variability of the soil moisture was compared with the spatial variability of the soil texture and crop properties. In particular, to better understand the role of the vegetation, the spatio-temporal variability of two different parameters - leaf area index and crop height - was monitored on eight dates at different crop development stages. Statistical and geostatistical analysis was then applied to explore the interactions between these variables. In agreement with other studies, the results show that the soil moisture variability changes according to the average value within the field, with the standard deviation reaching a maximum value under intermediate mean soil moisture conditions and the coefficient of variation decreasing exponentially with increasing mean soil moisture. The controls of soil moisture variability change according to the average soil moisture within the field. Under wet conditions, the spatial distribution of the soil moisture reflects the variability of the soil texture. Under dry conditions, the spatial distribution of the soil moisture is affected mostly by the spatial variability of the vegetation. The interaction between these two factors is more important under intermediate soil moisture conditions. These results confirm the importance of considering the average soil moisture conditions within a field when investigating the controls affecting the spatial variability of soil moisture. This study highlights the importance of considering the spatio-temporal variability of the vegetation in investigating soil moisture dynamics, especially under intermediate and dry soil moisture conditions. The results of this study have important implications in different hydrological applications, such as for sampling design, ranking stability application, indirect measurements of soil properties and model parameterisation.}, language = {en} } @article{PulkkinenMetzler2013, author = {Pulkkinen, Otto and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Distance matters the impact of gene proximity in bacterial gene regulation}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {110}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {19}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.198101}, pages = {5}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Following recent discoveries of colocalization of downstream-regulating genes in living cells, the impact of the spatial distance between such genes on the kinetics of gene product formation is increasingly recognized. We here show from analytical and numerical analysis that the distance between a transcription factor (TF) gene and its target gene drastically affects the speed and reliability of transcriptional regulation in bacterial cells. For an explicit model system, we develop a general theory for the interactions between a TF and a transcription unit. The observed variations in regulation efficiency are linked to the magnitude of the variation of the TF concentration peaks as a function of the binding site distance from the signal source. Our results support the role of rapid binding site search for gene colocalization and emphasize the role of local concentration differences.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwabedalPikovskij2013, author = {Schwabedal, Justus T. C. and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Phase description of stochastic oscillations}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {110}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {20}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.204102}, pages = {5}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We introduce an invariant phase description of stochastic oscillations by generalizing the concept of standard isophases. The average isophases are constructed as sections in the state space, having a constant mean first return time. The approach allows us to obtain a global phase variable of noisy oscillations, even in the cases where the phase is ill defined in the deterministic limit. A simple numerical method for finding the isophases is illustrated for noise-induced switching between two coexisting limit cycles, and for noise-induced oscillation in an excitable system. We also discuss how to determine isophases of observed irregular oscillations, providing a basis for a refined phase description in data analysis.}, language = {en} } @article{LomholtLizanaMetzleretal.2013, author = {Lomholt, Michael A. and Lizana, Ludvig and Metzler, Ralf and Ambjoernsson, Tobias}, title = {Microscopic origin of the logarithmic time evolution of aging processes in complex systems}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {110}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {20}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.208301}, pages = {5}, year = {2013}, abstract = {There exists compelling experimental evidence in numerous systems for logarithmically slow time evolution, yet its full theoretical understanding remains elusive. We here introduce and study a generic transition process in complex systems, based on nonrenewal, aging waiting times. Each state n of the system follows a local clock initiated at t = 0. The random time tau between clock ticks follows the waiting time density psi (tau). Transitions between states occur only at local clock ticks and are hence triggered by the local forward waiting time, rather than by psi (tau). For power-law forms psi (tau) similar or equal to tau(-1-alpha) (0 < alpha < 1) we obtain a logarithmic time evolution of the state number < n(t)> similar or equal to log(t/t(0)), while for alpha > 2 the process becomes normal in the sense that < n(t)> similar or equal to t. In the intermediate range 1 < alpha < 2 we find the power-law growth < n(t)> similar or equal to t(alpha-1). Our model provides a universal description for transition dynamics between aging and nonaging states.}, language = {en} } @article{GaoZeilingerXuetal.2013, author = {Gao, Mingxing and Zeilinger, Gerold and Xu, Xiwei and Wang, Qingliang and Hao, Ming}, title = {DEM and GIS analysis of geomorphic indices for evaluating recent uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China}, series = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, volume = {190}, journal = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, number = {20}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.02.008}, pages = {61 -- 72}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a tectonically active region consisting of a series of faults with bounded intermountain basins and is located in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and the Loess Plateau. Active deformation that may affect the topography in this region can be quantified using geomorphic indices. Therefore, we applied geomorphic indices such as the hypsometric integral and the stream length gradient index to infer neo-tectonics in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Different time-scaled geodetic leveling data and river incision rates were also integrated into the investigation. The results show that the hypsometric integrals are not significantly affected by lithology but spatially correspond to the hanging walls of thrust faults. The hypsometric integrals are also positively correlated with the leveling data. Although the stream length gradient index is influenced by lithology, its most pronounced anomalies of the stream length gradient are associated with the thrust faults. Consequently, the uplift in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau appeared to be concentrated along the hanging walls of the thrust faults.}, language = {en} } @article{KharchenkoGoychuk2013, author = {Kharchenko, Vasyl O. and Goychuk, Igor}, title = {Subdiffusive rocking ratchets in viscoelastic media transport optimization and thermodynamic efficiency in overdamped regime}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {87}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.87.052119}, pages = {9}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We study subdiffusive overdamped Brownian ratchets periodically rocked by an external zero-mean force in viscoelastic media within the framework of a non-Markovian generalized Langevin equation approach and associated multidimensional Markovian embedding dynamics. Viscoelastic deformations of the medium caused by the transport particle are modeled by a set of auxiliary Brownian quasiparticles elastically coupled to the transport particle and characterized by a hierarchy of relaxation times which obey a fractal scaling. The most slowly relaxing deformations which cannot immediately follow to the moving particle imprint long-range memory about its previous positions and cause subdiffusion and anomalous transport on a sufficiently long time scale. This anomalous behavior is combined with normal diffusion and transport on an initial time scale of overdamped motion. Anomalously slow directed transport in a periodic ratchet potential with broken space inversion symmetry emerges due to a violation of the thermal detailed balance by a zero-mean periodic driving and is optimized with frequency of driving, its amplitude, and temperature. Such optimized anomalous transport can be low dispersive and characterized by a large generalized Peclet number. Moreover, we show that overdamped subdiffusive ratchets can sustain a substantial load and do useful work. The corresponding thermodynamic efficiency decays algebraically in time since the useful work done against a load scales sublinearly with time following to the transport particle position, but the energy pumped by an external force scales with time linearly. Nevertheless, it can be transiently appreciably high and compare well with the thermodynamical efficiency of the normal diffusion overdamped ratchets on sufficiently long temporal and spatial scales.}, language = {en} } @article{ShalomInalFettkenhaueretal.2013, author = {Shalom, Menny and Inal, Sahika and Fettkenhauer, Christian and Neher, Dieter and Antonietti, Markus}, title = {Improving Carbon Nitride Photocatalysis by Supramolecular Preorganization of Monomers}, series = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {135}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, number = {19}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0002-7863}, doi = {10.1021/ja402521s}, pages = {7118 -- 7121}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Here we report a new and simple synthetic pathway to form ordered, hollow carbon nitride structures, using a cyanuric acid melamine (CM) complex in ethanol as a starting product. A detailed analysis of the optical and photocatalytic properties shows that optimum hollow carbon nitride structures are formed after 8 h of condensation. For this condensation time, we find a significantly reduced fluorescence intensity and lifetime, indicating the formation of new, nonradiative deactivation pathways, probably involving charge-transfer processes. Enhanced charge transfer is seen as well from a drastic increase of the photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamine B dye, which is shown to proceed via photoinduced hole transfer. Moreover, we show that various CM morphologies can be obtained using different solvents, which leads to diverse ordered carbon nitride architectures. In all cases, the CM-C3N4 structures exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to the bulk material. The utilization of CM hydrogen-bonded complexes opens new opportunities for the significant improvement of carbon nitride synthesis, structure, and optical properties toward an efficient photoactive material for catalysis.}, language = {en} } @article{PradhanReusserKropp2013, author = {Pradhan, Prajal and Reusser, Dominik Edwin and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Embodied greenhouse gas emissions in Diets}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {8}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0062228}, pages = {8}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Changing food consumption patterns and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been a matter of scientific debate for decades. The agricultural sector is one of the major GHG emitters and thus holds a large potential for climate change mitigation through optimal management and dietary changes. We assess this potential, project emissions, and investigate dietary patterns and their changes globally on a per country basis between 1961 and 2007. Sixteen representative and spatially differentiated patterns with a per capita calorie intake ranging from 1,870 to >3,400 kcal/day were derived. Detailed analyses show that low calorie diets are decreasing worldwide, while in parallel diet composition is changing as well: a discernable shift towards more balanced diets in developing countries can be observed and steps towards more meat rich diets as a typical characteristics in developed countries. Low calorie diets which are mainly observable in developing countries show a similar emission burden than moderate and high calorie diets. This can be explained by a less efficient calorie production per unit of GHG emissions in developing countries. Very high calorie diets are common in the developed world and exhibit high total per capita emissions of 3.7-6.1 kg CO2eq./day due to high carbon intensity and high intake of animal products. In case of an unbridled demographic growth and changing dietary patterns the projected emissions from agriculture will approach 20 Gt CO2eq./yr by 2050.}, language = {en} } @article{SendAbboudHartmannetal.2013, author = {Send, Sebastian and Abboud, Ali and Hartmann, Robert and Huth, M. and Leitenberger, Wolfram and Pashniak, N. and Schmidt, J. and Str{\"u}der, Lothar and Pietsch, Ullrich}, title = {Characterization of a pnCCD for applications with synchrotron radiation}, series = {Nuclear instruments \& methods in physics research : a journal on accelerators, instrumentation and techniques applied to research in nuclear and atomic physics, materials science and related fields in physics ; A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment}, volume = {711}, journal = {Nuclear instruments \& methods in physics research : a journal on accelerators, instrumentation and techniques applied to research in nuclear and atomic physics, materials science and related fields in physics ; A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0168-9002}, doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.044}, pages = {132 -- 142}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In this work we study the response of a pnCCD by means of X-ray spectroscopy in the energy range between 6 key and 20 key and by Laue diffraction techniques. The analyses include measurements of characteristic detector parameters like energy resolution, count rate capability and effects of different gain settings. The limit of a single photon counting operation in white beam X-ray diffraction experiments is discussed with regard to the occurrence of pile-up events, for which the energy information about individual photons is lost. In case of monochromatic illumination the pnCCD can be used as a fast conventional CCD with a charge handling capacity (CHC) of about 300,000 electrons per pixel. If the CHC is exceeded, any surplus charge will spill to neighboring pixels perpendicular to the transfer direction due to electrostatic repulsion. The possibilities of increasing the number of storable electrons are investigated for different voltage settings by exposing a single pixel with X-rays generated by a microfocus X-ray source. The pixel binning mode is tested as an alternative approach that enables a pnCCD operation with significantly shorter readout times.}, language = {en} } @article{DolyaRojasKosmellaetal.2013, author = {Dolya, Natalya and Rojas, Oscar and Kosmella, Sabine and Tiersch, Brigitte and Koetz, Joachim and Kudaibergenov, Sarkyt}, title = {"One-Pot" in situ frmation of Gold Nanoparticles within Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels}, series = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, volume = {214}, journal = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1022-1352}, doi = {10.1002/macp.201200727}, pages = {1114 -- 1121}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This paper focuses on two different strategies to incorporate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the matrix of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels. Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) is used as both reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of AuNPs. In addition, the influence of an ionic liquid (IL) (i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate) on the stability of the nanoparticles and their immobilization in the hydrogel is investigated The results show that AuNPs surrounded by a shell containing PEI and IL, synthesized according to the one-pot approach, are much better immobilized within the PAAm hydrogel. Hereby, the IL is responsible for structural changes in the hydrogel as well as the improved stabilization and embedding of the AuNPs into the polymer gel matrix.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhongMetwalliRawolleetal.2013, author = {Zhong, Qi and Metwalli, Ezzeldin and Rawolle, Monika and Kaune, Gunar and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Papadakis, Christine M. and Cubitt, Robert and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter}, title = {Structure and Thermal Response of Thin Thermoresponsive Polystyrene-block-poly(methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene Films}, series = {Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {46}, journal = {Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0024-9297}, doi = {10.1021/ma400627u}, pages = {4069 -- 4080}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Thin thermoresponsive films of the triblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene (P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S)) are investigated on silicon substrates. By spin coating, homogeneous and smooth films are prepared for a range of film thicknesses from 6 to 82 nm. Films are stable with respect to dewetting as investigated with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S) films with a thickness of 39 nm exhibit a phase transition of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type at 36.5 degrees C. The swelling and the thermoresponsive behavior of the films with respect to a sudden thermal stimulus are probed with in-situ neutron reflectivity. In undersaturated water vapor swelling proceeds without thickness increase. The thermoresponse proceeds in three steps: First, the film rejects water as the temperature is above LCST. Next, it stays constant for 600 s, before the collapsed film takes up water again. With ATR-FTIR measurements, changes of bound water in the film caused by different thermal stimuli are studied. Hydrogen bonds only form between C=O and water in the swollen film. Above the LCST most hydrogen bonds with water are broken, but some amount of bound water remains inside the film in agreement with the neutron reflectivity data. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) shows that the inner lateral structure is not significantly influenced by the different thermal stimuli.}, language = {en} } @article{HoppeBiervonNickischRosenegk2013, author = {Hoppe, Sebastian and Bier, Frank Fabian and von Nickisch-Rosenegk, Markus}, title = {Rapid identification of novel immunodominant proteins and characterization of a specific linear epitope of campylobacter jejuni}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {8}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0065837}, pages = {15}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Campylobacter jejuni remains one of the major gut pathogens of our time. Its zoonotic nature and wide-spread distribution in industrialized countries calls for a quick and reliable diagnostic tool. Antibody-based detection presents a suitable means to identify pathogenic bacteria. However, the knowledge about immunodominant targets is limited. Thus, an approach is presented, which allows for the rapid screening of numerous cDNA derived expression clones to identify novel antigens. The deeper understanding of immunodominant proteins assists in the design of diagnostic tools and furthers the insight into the bacterium's pathogenicity as well as revealing potential candidates for vaccination. We have successfully screened 1536 clones of an expression library to identify 22 proteins that have not been described as immunodominant before. After subcloning the corresponding 22 genes and expression of full-length proteins, we investigated the immunodominant character by microarrays and ELISA. Subsequently, seven proteins were selected for epitope mapping. For cj0669 and cj0920c linear epitopes were identified. For cj0669, specificity assays revealed a specific linear epitope site. Consequently, an eleven amino acid residue sequence TLIKELKRLGI was analyzed via alanine scan, which revealed the glycine residue to be significant for binding of the antibody. The innovative approach presented herein of generating cDNAs of prokaryotes in combination with a microarray platform rendering time-consuming purification steps obsolete has helped to illuminate novel immunodominant proteins of C. jejuni. The findings of a specific linear epitope pave the way for a plethora of future research and the potential use in diagnostic applications such as serological screenings. Moreover, the current approach is easily adaptable to other highly relevant bacteria making it a formidable tool for the future discovery of antigens and potential biomarkers. Consequently, it is desirable to simplify the identification of structural epitopes, as this would extend the spectrum of novel epitopes to be detected.}, language = {en} } @article{FranzRomanowskiJohstetal.2013, author = {Franz, Kamila W. and Romanowski, Jerzy and Johst, Karin and Grimm, Volker}, title = {Ranking landscape development scenarios affecting natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) population dynamics in Central Poland}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {8}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0064852}, pages = {8}, year = {2013}, abstract = {When data are limited it is difficult for conservation managers to assess alternative management scenarios and make decisions. The natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) is declining at the edges of its distribution range in Europe and little is known about its current distribution and abundance in Poland. Although different landscape management plans for central Poland exist, it is unclear to what extent they impact this species. Based on these plans, we investigated how four alternative landscape development scenarios would affect the total carrying capacity and population dynamics of the natterjack toad. To facilitate decision-making, we first ranked the scenarios according to their total carrying capacity. We used the software RAMAS GIS to determine the size and location of habitat patches in the landscape. The estimated carrying capacities were very similar for each scenario, and clear ranking was not possible. Only the reforestation scenario showed a marked loss in carrying capacity. We therefore simulated metapopulation dynamics with RAMAS taking into account dynamical processes such as reproduction and dispersal and ranked the scenarios according to the resulting species abundance. In this case, we could clearly rank the development scenarios. We identified road mortality of adults as a key process governing the dynamics and separating the different scenarios. The renaturalisation scenario clearly ranked highest due to its decreased road mortality. Taken together our results suggest that road infrastructure development might be much more important for natterjack toad conservation than changes in the amount of habitat in the semi-natural river valley. We gained these insights by considering both the resulting metapopulation structure and dynamics in the form of a PVA. We conclude that the consideration of dynamic processes in amphibian conservation management may be indispensable for ranking management scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{SunMiaoPietzschetal.2013, author = {Sun, Y. -P. and Miao, Q. and Pietzsch, Annette and Hennies, F. and Schmitt, T. and Strocov, V. N. and Andersson, Joakim and Kennedy, B. and Schlappa, J. and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Gel\&rsquo, and mukhanov, F. and Rubensson, J. -E.}, title = {Interference between Resonant and Nonresonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering}, series = {PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS}, volume = {110}, journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS}, number = {22}, publisher = {AMER PHYSICAL SOC}, address = {COLLEGE PK}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.223001}, pages = {4}, year = {2013}, abstract = {A detailed study of inelastic x-ray scattering from the ground state to the (3)Sigma(g)(3 sigma(-1)(g)3s(g)(1)) state of the O-2 molecule is presented. The observed angular anisotropy shows that the vibrational excitations within this final state are strongly dependent on the polarization of the incident radiation. The analysis demonstrates that this is a manifestation of interference between resonant and direct nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering. This interference provides a new tool to monitor nuclear dynamics by relative rotation of the polarization vectors of the incident and scattered photons.}, language = {en} } @article{SchroeterSturmHolschneider2013, author = {Schr{\"o}ter, M-A and Sturm, H. and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {Phase and amplitude patterns in DySEM mappings of vibrating microstructures}, series = {Nanotechnology}, volume = {24}, journal = {Nanotechnology}, number = {21}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0957-4484}, doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/24/21/215701}, pages = {10}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We use a dynamic scanning electron microscope (DySEM) to analyze the movement of oscillating micromechanical structures. A dynamic secondary electron (SE) signal is recorded and correlated to the oscillatory excitation of scanning force microscope (SFM) cantilever by means of lock-in amplifiers. We show, how the relative phase of the oscillations modulate the resulting real part and phase pictures of the DySEM mapping. This can be used to obtain information about the underlying oscillatory dynamics. We apply the theory to the case of a cantilever in oscillation, driven at different flexural and torsional resonance modes. This is an extension of a recent work (Schroter et al 2012 Nanotechnology 23 435501), where we reported on a general methodology to distinguish nonlinear features caused by the imaging process from those caused by cantilever motion.}, language = {en} } @article{KroellerJahnkeWarschburger2013, author = {Kr{\"o}ller, Katja and Jahnke, D{\"o}rte and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Are maternal weight, eating and feeding practices associated with emotional eating in childhood?}, series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, volume = {65}, journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {0195-6663}, doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.032}, pages = {25 -- 30}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background: Research concerning children's emotional eating behavior has shown its negative impact on weight-related problems. Taking the model of Birch and Davison (2001) into account, we focus on the role of maternal feeding behavior on the association between emotional eating of the mother and the child. Methods: 482 mothers and their children participated in this cross-sectional study. The mothers were asked about their feeding strategies, their children's and their own emotional eating and weight. We tested a structural equation model for different feeding strategies. Results: In addition to an expected direct association between the mother's and child's emotional eating, the maternal feeding strategies are related to the child's eating behavior. A higher maternal restriction of food or its monitoring was associated with a higher level of children's emotional eating, while allowing the child more control about their eating was linked to less pronounced emotional eating behavior. Conclusions: The results highlight the relevance of maternal feeding behavior on emotional eating in childhood. In terms of preventing weight-related problems, the findings indicate the necessity of training parents in allowing their children more control and avoiding the restriction of food.}, language = {en} } @article{Ganghof2013, author = {Ganghof, Steffen}, title = {Equality-based comparison how to justify democratic institutions in the Real World}, series = {Politics}, volume = {33}, journal = {Politics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0263-3957}, doi = {10.1111/1467-9256.12002}, pages = {101 -- 111}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Political scientists regularly justify particular democratic institutions. This article explores two desiderata for such justifications. The first is a formal equality baseline which puts the burden of justification on those who favour more unequal institutions. This baseline is seen as an implication of the rule of law. The second desideratum, the comparison requirement, builds on the first: adequate justifications of particular institutions must compare them to the best alternative, and this comparison must consider the costs for political equality. The two desiderata are applied to political science debates about the proportionality of the electoral system and bicameral systems of legislative decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{CaliendoTatsiramosUhlendorff2013, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Tatsiramos, Konstantinos and Uhlendorff, Arne}, title = {Benefit duration, unemployment duration and job match quality aregression-discontinuity approach}, series = {Journal of applied econometrics}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of applied econometrics}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0883-7252}, doi = {10.1002/jae.2293}, pages = {604 -- 627}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We use a sharp discontinuity in the maximum duration of benefit entitlement to identify the effect of extended benefit duration on unemployment duration and post-unemployment outcomes (employment stability and re-employment wages). We address dynamic selection, which may arise even under an initially random assignment to treatment, estimating a bivariate discrete-time hazard model jointly with a wage equation and correlated unobservables. Owing to the non-stationarity of job search behavior, we find heterogeneous effects of extended benefit duration on the re-employment hazard and on job match quality. Our results suggest that the unemployed who find a job close to and after benefit exhaustion experience less stable employment patterns and receive lower re-employment wages compared to their counterparts who receive extended benefits and exit unemployment in the same period. These results are found to be significant for men but not for women.}, language = {en} } @article{KrentzWarschburger2013, author = {Krentz, Eva Maria and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {A longitudinal investigation of sports-related risk factors for disordered eating in aesthetic sports}, series = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports}, volume = {23}, journal = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0905-7188}, doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01380.x}, pages = {303 -- 310}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Previous studies have indicated a higher risk of disordered eating in certain types of elite sports such as aesthetic sports (e.g., rhythmical gymnastics, figure skating). But even though some studies on risk factors for disordered eating in sports exist, most research on this topic is based on cross-sectional data with limitations on causal inferences. We examined sports-related risk factors for disordered eating in a 1-year longitudinal study with two assessment points. The participants were 65 adolescent athletes from aesthetic sports (mean age 14.0 +/- 2.2years) who completed measures of disordered eating, social pressure from the sports environment, sports-related body dissatisfaction, desire to be leaner to improve sports performance, and emotional distress resulting from missed exercise sessions. All variables were relatively stable in the mean. Individual changes in the desire to be leaner to improve sports performance were associated with individual changes in disordered eating. Furthermore, a cross-lagged partial correlation analysis showed that the desire to be leaner to improve sports performance was predictive of disordered eating and not vice versa. The results of our study indicate that athletes are more at risk for disordered eating if they believe it is possible to enhance their sports performance through weight regulation.}, language = {en} } @article{HillLeowBleidornetal.2013, author = {Hill, Natascha and Leow, Alexander and Bleidorn, Christoph and Groth, Detlef and Tiedemann, Ralph and Selbig, Joachim and Hartmann, Stefanie}, title = {Analysis of phylogenetic signal in protostomial intron patterns using Mutual Information}, series = {Theory in biosciences}, volume = {132}, journal = {Theory in biosciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1431-7613}, doi = {10.1007/s12064-012-0173-0}, pages = {93 -- 104}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Many deep evolutionary divergences still remain unresolved, such as those among major taxa of the Lophotrochozoa. As alternative phylogenetic markers, the intron-exon structure of eukaryotic genomes and the patterns of absence and presence of spliceosomal introns appear to be promising. However, given the potential homoplasy of intron presence, the phylogenetic analysis of this data using standard evolutionary approaches has remained a challenge. Here, we used Mutual Information (MI) to estimate the phylogeny of Protostomia using gene structure data, and we compared these results with those obtained with Dollo Parsimony. Using full genome sequences from nine Metazoa, we identified 447 groups of orthologous sequences with 21,732 introns in 4,870 unique intron positions. We determined the shared absence and presence of introns in the corresponding sequence alignments and have made this data available in "IntronBase", a web-accessible and downloadable SQLite database. Our results obtained using Dollo Parsimony are obviously misled through systematic errors that arise from multiple intron loss events, but extensive filtering of data improved the quality of the estimated phylogenies. Mutual Information, in contrast, performs better with larger datasets, but at the same time it requires a complete data set, which is difficult to obtain for orthologs from a large number of taxa. Nevertheless, Mutual Information-based distances proved to be useful in analyzing this kind of data, also because the estimation of MI-based distances is independent of evolutionary models and therefore no pre-definitions of ancestral and derived character states are necessary.}, language = {en} } @article{RadchukJohstGroeneveldetal.2013, author = {Radchuk, Viktoriia and Johst, Karin and Gr{\"o}neveld, Juergen and Grimm, Volker and Schtickzelle, Nicolas}, title = {Behind the scenes of population viability modeling predicting butterfly metapopulation dynamics under climate change}, series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, volume = {259}, journal = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.03.014}, pages = {62 -- 73}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Studies explaining the choice of model structure for population viability analysis (PVA) are rare and no such study exists for butterfly species, a focal group for conservation. Here, we describe in detail the development of a model to predict population viability of a glacial relict butterfly species, Boloria eunomia, under climate change. We compared four alternative formulations of an individual-based model, differing in the environmental factors acting on the survival of immature life stages: temperature (only temperature impact), weather (temperature, precipitation, and sunshine), temperature and parasitism, and weather and parasitism. Following pattern-oriented modeling, four observed patterns were used to contrast these models: one qualitative (response of population size to habitat parameters) and three quantitative ones describing population dynamics during eight years (mean and variability of population size, and magnitude of the temporal autocorrelation in yearly population growth rates). The four model formulations were not equally able to depict population dynamics under current environmental conditions; the model including only temperature was selected as the most parsimonious model sufficiently well reproducing the empirical patterns. We used all four model formulations to test a range of climate change scenarios that were characterized by changes in both mean and variability of the weather variables. All models predicted adverse effects of climate change and resulted in the same ranking of mean climate change scenarios. However, models differed in their absolute values of population viability measures, underlining the need to explicitly choose the most appropriate model formulation and avoid arbitrary usage of environmental drivers in a model. We conclude that further applications of pattern-oriented modeling to butterfly and other species are likely to help in identifying the key factors impacting the viability of certain taxa, which, ultimately, will aid and speed up informed management decisions for endangered species under climate change.}, language = {en} } @article{VockKoellerNagy2013, author = {Vock, Miriam and K{\"o}ller, Olaf and Nagy, Gabriel}, title = {Vocational interests of intellectually gifted and highly achieving young adults}, series = {British journal of educational psychology}, volume = {83}, journal = {British journal of educational psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0007-0998}, doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02063.x}, pages = {305 -- 328}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background.Vocational interests play a central role in the vocational decision-making process and are decisive for the later job satisfaction and vocational success. Based on Ackerman's (1996) notion of trait complexes, specific interest profiles of gifted high-school graduates can be expected. Aims.Vocational interests of gifted and highly achieving adolescents were compared to those of their less intelligent/achieving peers according to Holland's (1997) RIASEC model. Further, the impact of intelligence and achievement on interests were analysed while statistically controlling for potentially influencing variables. Changes in interests over time were investigated. Sample.N= 4,694 German students (age: M= 19.5, SD= .80; 54.6\% females) participated in the study (TOSCA; Koller, Watermann, Trautwein, \& Ludtke, 2004). Method. Interests were assessed in participants' final year at school and again 2 years later (N= 2,318). Results.Gifted participants reported stronger investigative and realistic interests, but lower social interests than less intelligent participants. Highly achieving participants reported higher investigative and (in wave 2) higher artistic interests. Considerable gender differences were found: gifted girls had a flat interest profile, while gifted boys had pronounced realistic and investigative and low social interests. Multilevel multiple regression analyses predicting interests by intelligence and school achievement revealed stable interest profiles. Beyond a strong gender effect, intelligence and school achievement each contributed substantially to the prediction of vocational interests. Conclusions.At the time around graduation from high school, gifted young adults show stable interest profiles, which strongly differ between gender and intelligence groups. These differences are relevant for programmes for the gifted and for vocational counselling.}, language = {en} } @article{BornStockerRaibleetal.2013, author = {Born, Andreas and Stocker, Thomas F. and Raible, Christoph C. and Levermann, Anders}, title = {Is the Atlantic subpolar gyre bistable in comprehensive coupled climate models?}, series = {Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system}, volume = {40}, journal = {Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system}, number = {11-12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-012-1525-7}, pages = {2993 -- 3007}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) is one of the main drivers of decadal climate variability in the North Atlantic. Here we analyze its dynamics in pre-industrial control simulations of 19 different comprehensive coupled climate models. The analysis is based on a recently proposed description of the SPG dynamics that found the circulation to be potentially bistable due to a positive feedback mechanism including salt transport and enhanced deep convection in the SPG center. We employ a statistical method to identify multiple equilibria in time series that are subject to strong noise and analyze composite fields to assess whether the bistability results from the hypothesized feedback mechanism. Because noise dominates the time series in most models, multiple circulation modes can unambiguously be detected in only six models. Four of these six models confirm that the intensification is caused by the positive feedback mechanism.}, language = {en} } @article{DallmeyerClaussenWangetal.2013, author = {Dallmeyer, A. and Claussen, Martin and Wang, Y. and Herzschuh, Ulrike}, title = {Spatial variability of Holocene changes in the annual precipitation pattern a model-data synthesis for the Asian monsoon region}, series = {Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system}, volume = {40}, journal = {Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system}, number = {11-12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-012-1550-6}, pages = {2919 -- 2936}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This study provides a detailed analysis of the mid-Holocene to present-day precipitation change in the Asian monsoon region. We compare for the first time results of high resolution climate model simulations with a standardised set of mid-Holocene moisture reconstructions. Changes in the simulated summer monsoon characteristics (onset, withdrawal, length and associated rainfall) and the mechanisms causing the Holocene precipitation changes are investigated. According to the model, most parts of the Indian subcontinent received more precipitation (up to 5 mm/day) at mid-Holocene than at present-day. This is related to a stronger Indian summer monsoon accompanied by an intensified vertically integrated moisture flux convergence. The East Asian monsoon region exhibits local inhomogeneities in the simulated annual precipitation signal. The sign of this signal depends on the balance of decreased pre-monsoon and increased monsoon precipitation at mid-Holocene compared to present-day. Hence, rainfall changes in the East Asian monsoon domain are not solely associated with modifications in the summer monsoon circulation but also depend on changes in the mid-latitudinal westerly wind system that dominates the circulation during the pre-monsoon season. The proxy-based climate reconstructions confirm the regional dissimilarities in the annual precipitation signal and agree well with the model results. Our results highlight the importance of including the pre-monsoon season in climate studies of the Asian monsoon system and point out the complex response of this system to the Holocene insolation forcing. The comparison with a coarse climate model simulation reveals that this complex response can only be resolved in high resolution simulations.}, language = {en} } @article{ZaourarHamoudiHolschneideretal.2013, author = {Zaourar, Naima and Hamoudi, Mohamed and Holschneider, Matthias and Mandea, Mioara}, title = {Fractal dynamics of geomagnetic storms}, series = {Arabian journal of geosciences}, volume = {6}, journal = {Arabian journal of geosciences}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1866-7511}, doi = {10.1007/s12517-011-0487-0}, pages = {1693 -- 1702}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We explore fluctuations of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field to identify scaling behaviour of the temporal variability in geomagnetic data recorded by the Intermagnet observatories during the solar cycle 23 (years 1996 to 2005). In this work, we use the remarkable ability of scaling wavelet exponents to highlight the singularities associated with discontinuities present in the magnetograms obtained at two magnetic observatories for six intense magnetic storms, including the sudden storm commencements of 14 July 2000, 29-31 October and 20-21 November 2003. In the active intervals that occurred during geomagnetic storms, we observe a rapid and unidirectional change in the spectral scaling exponent at the time of storm onset. The corresponding fractal features suggest that the dynamics of the whole time series is similar to that of a fractional Brownian motion. Our findings point to an evident relatively sudden change related to the emergence of persistency of the fractal power exponent fluctuations precedes an intense magnetic storm. These first results could be useful in the framework of extreme events prediction studies.}, language = {en} } @article{MehrniaBalazadehZanoretal.2013, author = {Mehrnia, Mohammad and Balazadeh, Salma and Zanor, Maria-Ines and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd}, title = {EBE, an AP2/ERF transcription factor highly expressed in proliferating cells, affects shoot architecture in arabidopsis}, series = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, volume = {162}, journal = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {0032-0889}, doi = {10.1104/pp.113.214049}, pages = {842 -- 857}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We report about ERF BUD ENHANCER (EBE; At5g61890), a transcription factor that affects cell proliferation as well as axillary bud outgrowth and shoot branching in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). EBE encodes a member of the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor superfamily; the gene is strongly expressed in proliferating cells and is rapidly and transiently up-regulated in axillary meristems upon main stem decapitation. Overexpression of EBE promotes cell proliferation in growing calli, while the opposite is observed in EBE-RNAi lines. EBE overexpression also stimulates axillary bud formation and outgrowth, while repressing it results in inhibition of bud growth. Global transcriptome analysis of estradiol-inducible EBE overexpression lines revealed 48 EBE early-responsive genes, of which 14 were up-regulated and 34 were downregulated. EBE activates several genes involved in cell cycle regulation and dormancy breaking, including D-type cyclin CYCD3; 3, transcription regulator DPa, and BRCA1-ASSOCIATED RING DOMAIN1. Among the down-regulated genes were DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN1 (AtDRM1), AtDRM1 homolog, MEDIATOR OF ABA-REGULATED DORMANCY1, and ZINC FINGER HOMEODOMAIN5. Our data indicate that the effect of EBE on shoot branching likely results from an activation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and dormancy breaking.}, language = {en} } @article{CescaBraunMaccaferrietal.2013, author = {Cesca, Simone and Braun, Thomas and Maccaferri, Francesco and Passarelli, Luigi and Rivalta, Eleonora and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Source modelling of the M5-6 Emilia-Romagna, Italy, earthquakes (2012 May 20-29)}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {193}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggt069}, pages = {1658 -- 1672}, year = {2013}, abstract = {On 2012 May 20 and 29, two damaging earthquakes with magnitudes M-w 6.1 and 5.9, respectively, struck the Emilia-Romagna region in the sedimentary Po Plain, Northern Italy, causing 26 fatalities, significant damage to historical buildings and substantial impact to the economy of the region. The earthquake sequence included four more aftershocks with M-w, >= 5.0, all at shallow depths (about 7-9 km), with similar WNW-ESE striking reverse mechanism. The timeline of the sequence suggests significant static stress interaction between the largest events. We perform here a detailed source inversion, first adopting a point source approximation and considering pure double couple and full moment tensor source models. We compare different extended source inversion approaches for the two largest events, and find that the rupture occurred in both cases along a subhorizontal plane, dipping towards SSW Directivity is well detected for the May 20 main shock, indicating that the rupture propagated unilaterally towards SE. Based on the focal mechanism solution, we further estimate the co-seismic static stress change induced by the May 20 event. By using the rate-and-state model and a Poissonian earthquake occurrence, we infer that the second largest event of May 29 was induced with a probability in the range 0.2-0.4. This suggests that the segment of fault was already prone to rupture. Finally, we estimate peak ground accelerations for the two main events as occurred separately or simultaneously. For the scenario involving hypothetical rupture areas of both main events, we estimate M-w = 6.3 and an increase of ground acceleration by 50 per cent. The approach we propose may help to quantify rapidly which regions are invested by a significant increase of the hazard, bearing the potential for large aftershocks or even a second main shock.}, language = {en} } @article{MaghsoudiCescaHainzletal.2013, author = {Maghsoudi, Samira and Cesca, Simone and Hainzl, Sebastian and Kaiser, Diethelm and Becker, Dirk and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Improving the estimation of detection probability and magnitude of completeness in strongly heterogeneous media, an application to acoustic emission (AE)}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {193}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggt049}, pages = {1556 -- 1569}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Reliable estimations of magnitude of completeness (M-c) are essential for a correct interpretation of seismic catalogues. The spatial distribution of M-c may be strongly variable and difficult to assess in mining environments, owing to the presence of galleries, cavities, fractured regions, porous media and different mineralogical bodies, as well as in consequence of inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the seismicity. We apply a 3-D modification of the probabilistic magnitude of completeness (PMC) method, which relies on the analysis of network detection capabilities. In our approach, the probability to detect an event depends on its magnitude, source receiver Euclidian distance and source receiver direction. The suggested method is proposed for study of the spatial distribution of the magnitude of completeness in a mining environment and here is applied to a 2-months acoustic emission (AE) data set recorded at the Morsleben salt mine, Germany. The dense seismic network and the large data set, which includes more than one million events, enable a detailed testing of the method. This method is proposed specifically for strongly heterogeneous media. Besides, it can also be used for specific network installations, with sensors with a sensitivity, dependent on the direction of the incoming wave (e.g. some piezoelectric sensors). In absence of strong heterogeneities, the standards PMC approach should be used. We show that the PMC estimations in mines strongly depend on the source receiver direction, and cannot be correctly accounted using a standard PMC approach. However, results can be improved, when adopting the proposed 3-D modification of the PMC method. Our analysis of one central horizontal and vertical section yields a magnitude of completeness of about M-c approximate to 1 (AE magnitude) at the centre of the network, which increases up to M-c approximate to 4 at further distances outside the network; the best detection performance is estimated for a NNE-SSE elongated region, which corresponds to the strike direction of the low-attenuating salt body. Our approach provides us with small-scale details about the capability of sensors to detect an earthquake, which can be linked to the presence of heterogeneities in specific directions. Reduced detection performance in presence of strong structural heterogeneities (cavities) is confirmed by synthetic waveform modelling in heterogeneous media.}, language = {en} } @article{MeissnerFastnerDittmannThuenemann2013, author = {Meissner, Sven and Fastner, Jutta and Dittmann-Th{\"u}nemann, Elke}, title = {Microcystin production revisited conjugate formation makes a major contribution}, series = {Environmental microbiology}, volume = {15}, journal = {Environmental microbiology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1462-2912}, doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.12072}, pages = {1810 -- 1820}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The impact of environmental stimuli on the production of the widespread cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin (MC) is under debate. Whereas transcriptional studies of the biosynthetic genes suggest a clear influence of light conditions on toxin production the data for the metabolite itself are inconsistent and highly strain-specific. Here, we have reassessed the MC content by using two immunological detection techniques that allow a parallel quantification of MC in the methanolic extracts and the residual pellet fraction that contains high molecular weight proteins. Our results show a significant proportion of MC in the protein bound fraction in strains of Microcystis and Planktothrix and of the related toxin nodularin (NOD) in Nodularia. Moreover, we could show a very strong increase of MC after high light illumination in the protein fraction contributing to a significant overall increase in MC production under these conditions that is not seen in extracts analysed by LC-MS and ELISA. The fact that a considerable portion of MC is neglected with current analysis techniques was also confirmed for selected field samples. Immunofluorescence studies suggest strain-specific differences in the amount of MC conjugate formation.}, language = {en} } @article{UhlmannKorupHuggeletal.2013, author = {Uhlmann, Manuela and Korup, Oliver and Huggel, Christian and Fischer, Luzia and Kargel, Jeffrey S.}, title = {Supra-glacial deposition and flux of catastrophic rock-slope failure debris, south-central Alaska}, series = {Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group}, volume = {38}, journal = {Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0197-9337}, doi = {10.1002/esp.3311}, pages = {675 -- 682}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The ongoing debate over the effects of global environmental change on Earth's cryosphere calls for detailed knowledge about process rates and their variability in cold environments. In this context, appraisals of the coupling between glacier dynamics and para-glacial erosion rates in tectonically active mountains remain rare. We contribute to filling this knowledge gap and present an unprecedented regional-scale inventory of supra-glacial sediment flux and hillslope erosion rates inferred from an analysis of 123 large (> 0 center dot 1km2) catastrophic bedrock landslides that fell onto glaciers in the Chugach Mountains, Alaska, as documented by satellite images obtained between 1972 to 2008. Assuming these supra-glacial landslide deposits to be passive strain markers we infer minimum decadal-scale sediment yields of 190 to 7400tkm-2yr-1 for a given glacier-surface cross-section impacted by episodic rock-slope failure. These rates compare to reported fluvial sediment yields in many mountain rivers, but are an order of magnitude below the extreme sediment yields measured at the snouts of Alaskan glaciers, indicating that the bulk of debris discharged derives from en-glacial, sub-glacial or ice-proximal sources. We estimate an average minimum para-glacial erosion rate by large, episodic rock-slope failures at 0 center dot 5-0 center dot 7mmyr-1 in the Chugach Mountains over a 50-yr period, with earthquakes likely being responsible for up to 73\% of this rate. Though ranking amongst the highest decadal landslide erosion rates for this size of study area worldwide, our inferred rates of hillslope erosion in the Chugach Mountains remain an order of magnitude below the pace of extremely rapid glacial sediment export and glacio-isostatic surface uplift previously reported from the region.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhongAdelsbergerNiedermeieretal.2013, author = {Zhong, Qi and Adelsberger, Joseph and Niedermeier, M. A. and Golosova, Anastasi and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Funari, S. S. and Papadakis, Christine M. and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter}, title = {The influence of selective solvents on the transition behavior of poly(styrene-b-monomethoxydiethylenglycol-acrylate-b-styrene) thick films}, series = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft}, volume = {291}, journal = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0303-402X}, doi = {10.1007/s00396-012-2879-4}, pages = {1439 -- 1451}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Thick poly(styrene-b-monomethoxydiethylenglycol-acrylate-b-styrene) [P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S)] films (thickness 5 mu m) are prepared from different solvents on flexible substrates by solution casting and investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering. As the solvents are either PS- or PMDEGA-selective, micelles with different core-shell micellar structures are formed. In PMDEGA-selective solvents, the PS block is the core and PMDEGA is the shell, whereas in PS-selective solvents, the order is reversed. After exposing the films to liquid D2O, the micellar structure inside the films prepared from PMDEGA-selective solvents remains unchanged and only the PMDEGA (shell part) swells. On the contrary, in the films prepared from PS-selective solvents, the micelles revert the core and the shell. This reversal causes more entanglements of the PMDEGA chains between the micelles. Moreover, the thermal collapse transition of the PMDEGA block in liquid D2O is significantly broadened. Irrespective of the solvent used for film preparation, the swollen PMDEGA shell does not show a prominent shrinkage when passing the phase transition, and the transition process occurs via compaction. The collapsed micelles have a tendency to densely pack above the transition temperature.}, language = {en} } @article{VormoorSkaugen2013, author = {Vormoor, Klaus Josef and Skaugen, Thomas}, title = {Temporal disaggregation of daily temperature and precipitation grid data for Norway}, series = {Journal of hydrometeorology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Journal of hydrometeorology}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Meteorological Soc.}, address = {Boston}, issn = {1525-755X}, doi = {10.1175/JHM-D-12-0139.1}, pages = {989 -- 999}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This paper presents a simple approach for the temporal disaggregation from daily to 3-hourly observed gridded temperature and precipitation (1 x 1km(2)) on the national scale. The intended use of the disaggregated 3-hourly data is to recalibrate the hydrological model currently used by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) for daily flood forecasting. By adapting the hydrological model to a 3-hourly temporal scale, the flood forecasting can benefit from available meteorological forecasts with finer temporal resolution and can better represent critical events of short duration and at small spatial scales. By consulting the temporal patterns of a High-Resolution Limited-Area Model (HIRLAM) hindcast series for northern Europe with an hourly temporal and a 0.1 degrees spatial resolution, existing daily 1 x 1km(2) grids for temperature and precipitation covering all of Norway (the seNorge data) were disaggregated into 3-hourly values for the time period September 1957 to December 2010. For the period 2000-05, the disaggregated 3-hourly temperature and precipitation data are validated against observed values from five meteorological stations and against 3-hourly data from the HIRLAM hindcast and daily seNorge data simply split into eight fractions. The results show that the disaggregated data perform best with anomaly correlation coefficients between 0.89 and 0.92 for temperature. With regard to precipitation, the disaggregated data also provide the highest correlations and the lowest errors. In addition, the disaggregated data prove to be best in estimating intervals without precipitation and tend to be most appropriate in estimating extreme precipitation with low occurrence probability (<20\%).}, language = {en} } @article{EichlerKumarPohl2013, author = {Eichler, David and Kumar, Rahul and Pohl, Martin}, title = {Is the galatic cosmic-ray spectrum constant in time?}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {769}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/769/2/138}, pages = {4}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The hypothesis is considered that the present, local Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum is, due to source intermittency, softer than average over time and over the Galaxy. Measurements of muogenic nuclides underground could provide an independent measurement of the time-averaged spectrum. Source intermittency could also account for the surprising low anisotropy reported by the IceCube Collaboration. Predictions for Galactic emission of ultrahigh-energy (UHE) quanta, such as UHE gamma rays and neutrinos, might be higher or lower than previously estimated.}, language = {en} } @article{WalterTrauth2013, author = {Walter, Marius J. and Trauth, Martin H.}, title = {A MATLAB based orientation analysis of Acheulean handaxe accumulations in Olorgesailie and Kariandusi, Kenya Rift}, series = {Journal of human evolution}, volume = {64}, journal = {Journal of human evolution}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {0047-2484}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.011}, pages = {569 -- 581}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The Pleistocene archeological record in East Africa has revealed unusual accumulations of Acheulean handaxes at prehistoric sites. In particular, there has been intensive debate concerning whether the artifact accumulation at the Middle Pleistocene Olorgesailie (Southern Kenya Rift) and Kariandusi (Central Kenya Rift) sites were a result of fluvial reworking or of in situ deposition by hominids. We used a two-step approach to test the hypothesis of fluvial reworking. Firstly, the behavior of handaxes in water currents was investigated in a current flume and the flow threshold required to reorientate the handaxes was determined. The results of these experiments suggested that, in relatively high energy and non-steady flow conditions, handaxes will reorientate themselves perpendicular to the current direction. Secondly, an automated image analysis routine was developed and applied to archeological plans from three Acheulean sites, two at Olorgesailie and one at Kariandusi, in order to determine the orientations of the handaxes. A Rayleigh test was then applied to the orientation data to test for a preferred orientation. The results revealed that the handaxes at the Upper Kariandusi Site and the Olorgesailie Main Site Mid Trench had a preferential orientation, suggesting reworking by a paleocurrent. The handaxes from the Olorgesailie Main Site H/6A, however, appeared to be randomly oriented and in situ deposition by the producers therefore remains a possibility.}, language = {en} } @article{GebserSchaub2013, author = {Gebser, Martin and Schaub, Torsten H.}, title = {Tableau calculi for logic programs under answer set semantics}, series = {ACM transactions on computational logic}, volume = {14}, journal = {ACM transactions on computational logic}, number = {2}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, issn = {1529-3785}, doi = {10.1145/2480759.2480767}, pages = {40}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We introduce formal proof systems based on tableau methods for analyzing computations in Answer Set Programming (ASP). Our approach furnishes fine-grained instruments for characterizing operations as well as strategies of ASP solvers. The granularity is detailed enough to capture a variety of propagation and choice methods of algorithms used for ASP solving, also incorporating SAT-based and conflict-driven learning approaches to some extent. This provides us with a uniform setting for identifying and comparing fundamental properties of ASP solving approaches. In particular, we investigate their proof complexities and show that the run-times of best-case computations can vary exponentially between different existing ASP solvers. Apart from providing a framework for comparing ASP solving approaches, our characterizations also contribute to their understanding by pinning down the constitutive atomic operations. Furthermore, our framework is flexible enough to integrate new inference patterns, and so to study their relation to existing ones. To this end, we generalize our approach and provide an extensible basis aiming at a modular incorporation of additional language constructs. This is exemplified by augmenting our basic tableau methods with cardinality constraints and disjunctions.}, language = {en} } @article{DelgrandeSchaubTompitsetal.2013, author = {Delgrande, James and Schaub, Torsten H. and Tompits, Hans and Woltran, Stefan}, title = {A model-theoretic approach to belief change in answer set programming}, series = {ACM transactions on computational logic}, volume = {14}, journal = {ACM transactions on computational logic}, number = {2}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, issn = {1529-3785}, doi = {10.1145/2480759.2480766}, pages = {46}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We address the problem of belief change in (nonmonotonic) logic programming under answer set semantics. Our formal techniques are analogous to those of distance-based belief revision in propositional logic. In particular, we build upon the model theory of logic programs furnished by SE interpretations, where an SE interpretation is a model of a logic program in the same way that a classical interpretation is a model of a propositional formula. Hence we extend techniques from the area of belief revision based on distance between models to belief change in logic programs. We first consider belief revision: for logic programs P and Q, the goal is to determine a program R that corresponds to the revision of P by Q, denoted P * Q. We investigate several operators, including (logic program) expansion and two revision operators based on the distance between the SE models of logic programs. It proves to be the case that expansion is an interesting operator in its own right, unlike in classical belief revision where it is relatively uninteresting. Expansion and revision are shown to satisfy a suite of interesting properties; in particular, our revision operators satisfy all or nearly all of the AGM postulates for revision. We next consider approaches for merging a set of logic programs, P-1,...,P-n. Again, our formal techniques are based on notions of relative distance between the SE models of the logic programs. Two approaches are examined. The first informally selects for each program P-i those models of P-i that vary the least from models of the other programs. The second approach informally selects those models of a program P-0 that are closest to the models of programs P-1,...,P-n. In this case, P-0 can be thought of as a set of database integrity constraints. We examine these operators with regards to how they satisfy relevant postulate sets. Last, we present encodings for computing the revision as well as the merging of logic programs within the same logic programming framework. This gives rise to a direct implementation of our approach in terms of off-the-shelf answer set solvers. These encodings also reflect the fact that our change operators do not increase the complexity of the base formalism.}, language = {en} } @article{EichSchmaelzlinLoehmannsroeben2013, author = {Eich, Susanne and Schm{\"a}lzlin, Elmar and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd}, title = {Distributed fiber optical sensing of Oxygen with optical time domain reflectometry}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s130607170}, pages = {7170 -- 7183}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In many biological and environmental applications spatially resolved sensing of molecular oxygen is desirable. A powerful tool for distributed measurements is optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) which is often used in the field of telecommunications. We combine this technique with a novel optical oxygen sensor dye, triangular-[4] phenylene (TP), immobilized in a polymer matrix. The TP luminescence decay time is 86 ns. The short decay time of the sensor dye is suitable to achieve a spatial resolution of some meters. In this paper we present the development and characterization of a reflectometer in the UV range of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as optical oxygen sensing with different fiber arrangements.}, language = {en} } @article{BenteleSaffertRauscheretal.2013, author = {Bentele, Kajetan and Saffert, Paul and Rauscher, Robert and Ignatova, Zoya and Bluethgen, Nils}, title = {Efficient translation initiation dictates codon usage at gene start}, series = {Molecular systems biology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Molecular systems biology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, issn = {1744-4292}, doi = {10.1038/msb.2013.32}, pages = {10}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The genetic code is degenerate; thus, protein evolution does not uniquely determine the coding sequence. One of the puzzles in evolutionary genetics is therefore to uncover evolutionary driving forces that result in specific codon choice. In many bacteria, the first 5-10 codons of protein-coding genes are often codons that are less frequently used in the rest of the genome, an effect that has been argued to arise from selection for slowed early elongation to reduce ribosome traffic jams. However, genome analysis across many species has demonstrated that the region shows reduced mRNA folding consistent with pressure for efficient translation initiation. This raises the possibility that unusual codon usage is a side effect of selection for reduced mRNA structure. Here we discriminate between these two competing hypotheses, and show that in bacteria selection favours codons that reduce mRNA folding around the translation start, regardless of whether these codons are frequent or rare. Experiments confirm that primarily mRNA structure, and not codon usage, at the beginning of genes determines the translation rate.}, language = {en} } @article{CherstvyTeif2013, author = {Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Teif, V. B.}, title = {Structure-driven homology pairing of chromatin fibers the role of electrostatics and protein-induced bridging}, series = {Journal of biological physics : emphasizing physical principles in biological research ; an international journal for the formulation and application of mathematical models in the biological sciences}, volume = {39}, journal = {Journal of biological physics : emphasizing physical principles in biological research ; an international journal for the formulation and application of mathematical models in the biological sciences}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0092-0606}, doi = {10.1007/s10867-012-9294-4}, pages = {363 -- 385}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Chromatin domains formed in vivo are characterized by different types of 3D organization of interconnected nucleosomes and architectural proteins. Here, we quantitatively test a hypothesis that the similarities in the structure of chromatin fibers (which we call "structural homology") can affect their mutual electrostatic and protein-mediated bridging interactions. For example, highly repetitive DNA sequences in heterochromatic regions can position nucleosomes so that preferred inter-nucleosomal distances are preserved on the surfaces of neighboring fibers. On the contrary, the segments of chromatin fiber formed on unrelated DNA sequences have different geometrical parameters and lack structural complementarity pivotal for stable association and cohesion. Furthermore, specific functional elements such as insulator regions, transcription start and termination sites, and replication origins are characterized by strong nucleosome ordering that might induce structure-driven iterations of chromatin fibers. We propose that shape-specific protein-bridging interactions facilitate long-range pairing of chromatin fragments, while for closely-juxtaposed fibers electrostatic forces can in addition yield fine-tuned structure-specific recognition and pairing. These pairing effects can account for some features observed for mitotic and inter-phase chromatins.}, language = {en} } @article{ReichersdorferChristensenVrangbaek2013, author = {Reichersdorfer, Johannes and Christensen, Tom and Vrangbaek, Karsten}, title = {Accountability of immigration administration comparing crises in Norway, Denmark and Germany}, series = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration}, volume = {79}, journal = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0020-8523}, doi = {10.1177/0020852313478251}, pages = {271 -- 291}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Accountability can be conceptualized as institutionalized mechanisms obliging actors to explain their conduct to different forums, which can pose questions and impose sanctions. This article analyses different crises' in immigration policies in Norway, Denmark and Germany along a descriptive framework of five different accountability types: political, administrative, legal, professional and social accountability. The exchanges of information, debate and their consequences between an actor and a forum are crucial to understanding how political-administrative action is carried out in critical situations. First, accountability dynamics emphasize conventional norms and values regarding policy change and, second, formal political responsibility does not necessarily lead to political consequences such as minister resignations in cases of misbehaviour. Consequences strongly depend on how accountability dynamics take place.}, language = {en} } @article{JantzJann2013, author = {Jantz, Bastian and Jann, Werner}, title = {Mapping accountability changes in labour market administrations from concentrated to shared accountability?}, series = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration}, volume = {79}, journal = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0020-8523}, doi = {10.1177/0020852313477764}, pages = {227 -- 248}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The article explores how recent changes in the governance of employment services in three European countries (Denmark, Germany and Norway) have influenced accountability relationships. The overall assumption in the growing literature about accountability is that the number of actors involved in accountability arrangements is rising, that accountability relationships are becoming more numerous and complex, and that these changes may lead to contradictory accountability relationships, and finally to multi accountability disorder'. The article tries to explore these assumptions by analysing the different actors involved and the information requested in the new governance arrangements in all three countries. It concludes that the considerable changes in organizational arrangements and more managerial information demanded and provided have led to more shared forms of accountability. Nevertheless, a clear development towards less political or administrative accountability could not be observed.}, language = {en} } @article{ThiedeEhlers2013, author = {Thiede, Rasmus Christoph and Ehlers, Todd}, title = {Large spatial and temporal variations in Himalayan denudation}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {371}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.004}, pages = {278 -- 293}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In the last decade growing interest has emerged in quantifying the spatial and temporal variations in mountain building. Until recently, insufficient data have been available to attempt such a task at the scale of large orogens such as the Himalaya. The Himalaya accommodates ongoing convergence between India and Eurasia and is a focal point for studying orogen evolution and hypothesized interactions between tectonics and climate. Here we integrate 1126 published bedrock mineral cooling ages with a transient 1D Monte-Carlo thermal-kinematic erosion model to quantify the denudation histories along similar to 2700 km of the Himalaya. The model free parameter is a temporally variable denudation rate from 50 Ma to present. Thermophysical material properties and boundary conditions were tuned to individual study areas. Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted to identify the range of denudation histories that can reproduce the observed cooling ages. Results indicate large temporal and spatial variations in denudation and these are resolvable across different tectonic units of the Himalaya. More specifically, across > 1000 km of the southern Greater Himalaya denudation rates were highest (similar to 1.5-3 mm/yr) between similar to 10 and 2 Ma and lower (0.5-2.6 mm/yr) over the last 2 My. These differences are best determined in the NW-Himalaya. In contrast to this, across the similar to 2500 km length of the northern Greater Himalaya denudation rates vary over length scales of similar to 300-1700 km. Slower denudation (<1 mm/yr) occurred between 10 and 4 Ma followed by a large increase (1.2-2.6 mm/yr) in the last similar to 4 Ma. We find that only the southern Greater Himalayan Sequence clearly supports a continuous co-evolution of tectonics, climate and denudation. Results from the higher elevation northern Greater Himalaya suggest either tectonic driven variations in denudation due to a ramp-flat geometry in the main decollement and/or recent glacially enhanced denudation.}, language = {en} } @article{HempelKoseskaNikoloski2013, author = {Hempel, Sabrina and Koseska, Aneta and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {Data-driven reconstruction of directed networks}, series = {The European physical journal : B, Condensed matter and complex systems}, volume = {86}, journal = {The European physical journal : B, Condensed matter and complex systems}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1434-6028}, doi = {10.1140/epjb/e2013-31111-8}, pages = {17}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We investigate the properties of a recently introduced asymmetric association measure, called inner composition alignment (IOTA), aimed at inferring regulatory links (couplings). We show that the measure can be used to determine the direction of coupling, detect superfluous links, and to account for autoregulation. In addition, the measure can be extended to infer the type of regulation (positive or negative). The capabilities of IOTA to correctly infer couplings together with their directionality are compared against Kendall's rank correlation for time series of different lengths, particularly focussing on biological examples. We demonstrate that an extended version of the measure, bidirectional inner composition alignment (biIOTA), increases the accuracy of the network reconstruction for short time series. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the measure to infer couplings in chaotic systems.}, language = {en} } @article{AbramowskiAceroAharonianetal.2013, author = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Anton, Gisela and Balenderan, Shangkari and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and Becherini, Yvonne and Tjus, J. Becker and Behera, B. and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Bochow, A. and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Couturier, C. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and deWilt, P. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O'C. and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fernandez, D. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foester, A. and Fuessling, M. and Gajdus, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Garrigoux, T. and Gast, H. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Glueck, B. and Goeing, D. and Grondin, M. -H. and Grudzinska, M. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hahn, J. and Hampf, D. and Harris, J. and Hauser, M. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hillert, A. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, Markus and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Klepser, S. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Komin, Nu. and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Krayzel, F. and Krueger, P. P. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lefaucheur, J. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J. -P. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C. -C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Masbou, J. and Maurin, G. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Menzler, U. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Naumann, C. L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nguyen, N. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Ohm, S. and Wilhelmi, E. de Ona and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pekeur, N. W. and Pelletier, G. and Perez, J. and Petrucci, P. -O. and Peyaud, B. and Pita, S. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raab, S. and Raue, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J. L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Trichard, C. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Wouters, D. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H. S.}, title = {HESS discovery of VHE gamma-rays from the quasar PKS 1510-089}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {554}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, number = {6}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, organization = {HESS Collaboration}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201321135}, pages = {7}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The quasar PKS 1510-089 (z = 0.361) was observed with the H.E.S.S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes during high states in the optical and GeV bands, to search for very high energy (VHE, defined as E >= 0.1 TeV) emission. VHE gamma-rays were detected with a statistical significance of 9.2 standard deviations in 15.8 h of H. E. S. S. data taken during March and April 2009. A VHE integral flux of I(0.15 TeV < E < 1.0TeV) = (1.0 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.2(sys)) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1) is measured. The best-fit power law to the VHE data has a photon index of G = 5.4 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 0.3(sys). The GeV and optical light curves show pronounced variability during the period of H.E.S.S. observations. However, there is insufficient evidence to claim statistically significant variability in the VHE data. Because of its relatively high redshift, the VHE flux from PKS 1510-089 should suffer considerable attenuation in the intergalactic space due to the extragalactic background light (EBL). Hence, the measured gamma-ray spectrum is used to derive upper limits on the opacity due to EBL, which are found to be comparable with the previously derived limits from relatively-nearby BL Lac objects. Unlike typical VHE-detected blazars where the broadband spectrum is dominated by nonthermal radiation at all wavelengths, the quasar PKS 1510-089 has a bright thermal component in the optical to UV frequency band. Among all VHE detected blazars, PKS 1510-089 has the most luminous broad line region. The detection of VHE emission from this quasar indicates a low level of gamma - gamma absorption on the internal optical to UV photon field.}, language = {en} } @article{AbramowskiAceroAharonianetal.2013, author = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Ang{\"u}ner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan and Anton, Gisela and Balenderan, Shangkari and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and Becherini, Yvonne and Tjus, J. Becker and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Bissaldi, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Chalme-Calvet, R. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Chretien, M. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Couturier, C. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and deWilt, P. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O'C. and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Edwards, T. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fernandez, D. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foerster, A. and Fuessling, M. and Gajdus, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Garrigoux, T. and Gast, H. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Goering, D. and Grondin, M. -H. and Grudzinska, M. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hahn, J. and Harris, J. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hervet, O. and Hillert, A. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, Markus and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Janiak, M. and Jankowsky, F. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Kieffer, M. and Klepser, S. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Kolitzus, D. and Komin, Nu. and Kosack, K. and Krakau, S. and Krayzel, F. and Krueger, P. P. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lefaucheur, J. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J. -P. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C. -C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Menzler, U. and Meyer, M. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Murach, T. and Naumann, C. L. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Oakes, L. and Ohm, S. and Wilhelmi, E. de Ona and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pekeur, N. W. and Pelletier, G. and Perez, J. and Petrucci, P. -O. and Peyaud, B. and Pita, S. and Poon, H. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raab, S. and Raue, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schuessler, F. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Spiess, F. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Trichard, C. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Wagner, P. and Ward, M. and Weidinger, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Willmann, P. and Woernlein, A. and Wouters, D. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H. -S.}, title = {Discovery of high and very high-energy emission from the BL Lacertae object SHBL J001355.9-185406}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {554}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, organization = {HESSCollaboration}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201220996}, pages = {8}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The detection of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object (HBL) SHBL J001355.9-185406 (z = 0.095) at high (HE; 100 MeV < E < 300 GeV) and very high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is reported. Dedicated observations were performed with the H. E. S. S. telescopes, leading to a detection at the 5.5 sigma significance level. The measured flux above 310 GeV is (8.3 +/- 1.7(stat) +/- 1.7(sys)) x 10(-13) photons cm(-2) s(-1) (about 0.6\% of that of the Crab Nebula), and the power-law spectrum has a photon index of Gamma = 3.4 +/- 0.5(stat) +/- 0.2(sys). Using 3.5 years of publicly available Fermi-LAT data, a faint counterpart has been detected in the LAT data at the 5.5 sigma significance level, with an integrated flux above 300 MeV of (9.3 +/- 3.4(stat) +/- 0.8(sys)) x 10(-10) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and a photon index of Gamma = 1.96 +/- 0.20(stat) +/- 0.08(sys). X-ray observations with Swift-XRT allow the synchrotron peak energy in vF(v) representation to be located at similar to 1.0 keV. The broadband spectral energy distribution is modelled with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model and the optical data by a black-body emission describing the thermal emission of the host galaxy. The derived parameters are typical of HBLs detected at VHE, with a particle-dominated jet.}, language = {en} } @article{ThiedeSobelChenetal.2013, author = {Thiede, Rasmus Christoph and Sobel, Edward and Chen, Jie and Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. and Stockli, Daniel F. and Sudo, Masafumi and Strecker, Manfred}, title = {Late Cenozoic extension and crustal doming in the India-Eurasia collision zone new thermochronologic constraints from the NE Chinese Pamir}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Tectonics}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1002/tect.20050}, pages = {763 -- 779}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The northward motion of the Pamir indenter with respect to Eurasia has resulted in coeval thrusting, strike-slip faulting, and normal faulting. The eastern Pamir is currently deformed by east-west oriented extension, accompanied by uplift and exhumation of the Kongur Shan (7719m) and Muztagh Ata (7546m) gneiss domes. Both domes are an integral part of the footwall of the Kongur Shan extensional fault system (KES), a 250 km long, north-south oriented graben. Why active normal faulting within the Pamir is primarily localized along the KES and not distributed more widely throughout the orogen has remained unclear. In addition, relatively little is known about how deformation has evolved throughout the Cenozoic, despite refined estimates on present-day crustal deformation rates and microseismicity, which indicate where crustal deformation is presently being accommodated. To better constrain the spatiotemporal evolution of faulting along the KES, we present 39 new apatite fission track, zircon U-Th-Sm/He, and Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling ages from a series of footwall transects along the KES graben shoulder. Combining these data with present-day topographic relief, 1-D thermokinematic and exhumational modeling documents successive stages, rather than synchronous deformation and gneiss dome exhumation. While the exhumation of the Kongur Shan commenced during the late Miocene, extensional processes in the Muztagh Ata massif began earlier and have slowed down since the late Miocene. We present a new model of synorogenic extension suggesting that thermal and density effects associated with a lithospheric tear fault along the eastern margin of the subducting Alai slab localize extensional upper plate deformation along the KES and decouple crustal motion between the central/western Pamir and eastern Pamir/Tarim basin.}, language = {en} } @article{MacaulaySobelMikolaichuketal.2013, author = {Macaulay, Euan A. and Sobel, Edward and Mikolaichuk, Alexander and Landgraf, Angela and Kohn, Barry and Stuart, Finlay}, title = {Thermochronologic insight into late Cenozoic deformation in the basement-cored Terskey Range, Kyrgyz Tien Shan}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Tectonics}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1002/tect.20040}, pages = {487 -- 500}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Basement-cored ranges formed by reverse faulting within intracontinental mountain belts are often composed of poly-deformed lithologies. Geological data capable of constraining the timing, magnitude, and distribution of the most recent deformational phase are usually missing in such ranges. In this paper, we present new low temperature thermochronological and geological data from a transect through the basement-cored Terskey Range, located in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan. Using these data, we are able to investigate the range's late Cenozoic deformation for the first time. Displacements on reactivated faults are constrained and deformation of thermochronologically derived structural markers is assessed. These structural markers postdate the earlier deformational phases, providing the only record of Cenozoic deformation and of the reactivation of structures within the Terskey Range. Overall, these structural markers have a southern inclination, interpreted to reflect the decreasing inclination of the reverse fault bounding the Terskey Range. Our thermochronological data are also used to investigate spatial and temporal variations in the exhumation of the Terskey Range, identifying a three-stage Cenozoic exhumation history: (1) virtually no exhumation in the Paleogene, (2) increase to slightly higher exhumation rates at similar to 26-20Ma, and (3) significant increase in exhumation starting at similar to 10Ma.}, language = {en} } @article{LoebensSobelBenseetal.2013, author = {Loebens, Stefan and Sobel, Edward and Bense, Frithjof A. and Wemmer, Klaus and Dunkl, Istvan and Siegesmund, Siegfried}, title = {Refined exhumation history of the northern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Tectonics}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1002/tect.20038}, pages = {453 -- 472}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The Sierra de Aconquija and Cumbres Calchaquies in the thick-skinned northern Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina present an ideal setting to investigate the tectonically and erosionally controlled exhumation and uplift history of mountain ranges using thermochronological methods. Although these ranges are located along strike of one another, their spatiotemporal evolution varies significantly. Integrating modeled cooling histories constrained by K-Ar ages of muscovite and biotite, apatite fission track data as well as (U-Th)/He measurement of zircon and apatite reveal the structural evolution of these ranges beginning in the late stage of the Paleozoic Famatinian Orogeny. Following localized rift-related exhumation in the central part of the study area and slow erosion elsewhere, growth of the modern topography commenced in the Cenozoic during Andean deformation. The main activity occurred during the late Miocene, with varying magnitudes of rock uplift, surface uplift, and exhumation in the two mountain ranges. The Cumbres Calchaquies is characterized by a total of 5-7km of vertical rock uplift, around 3km of crestal surface uplift, and a maximum exhumation of 2-4km since that time. The Sierra de Aconquija experienced 10-13km of vertical rock uplift, similar to 4-5km of peak surface uplift, and 6-8km of exhumation since around 9Ma. Much of this exhumation occurred along a previously poorly recognized fault. Miocene reactivation of Cretaceous rift structures may explain along-strike variations within these ranges. Dating of sedimentary samples from adjacent basins supports the evolutionary model developed for the mountain ranges.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtSingleton2013, author = {Schmidt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Singleton, Douglas}, title = {Isotropic universe with almost scale-invariant fourth-order gravity}, series = {Journal of mathematical physics}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of mathematical physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0022-2488}, doi = {10.1063/1.4808255}, pages = {14}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We study a class of isotropic cosmologies in the fourth-order gravity with Lagrangians of the form L = f(R) + k(G) where R and G are the Ricci and Gauss-Bonnet scalars, respectively. A general discussion is given on the conditions under which this gravitational Lagrangian is scale-invariant or almost scale-invariant. We then apply this general background to the specific case L = alpha R-2 + beta Gln G with constants alpha, beta. We find closed form cosmological solutions for this case. One interesting feature of this choice of f(R) and k(G) is that for very small negative value of the parameter beta, the Lagrangian L = R-2/3 + beta Gln G leads to the replacement of the exact de Sitter solution coming from L = R-2 (which is a local attractor) to an exact, power-law inflation solution a(t) = t(p) = t(-3/beta) which is also a local attractor. This shows how one can modify the dynamics from de Sitter to power-law inflation by the addition of a Gln G-term.}, language = {en} } @article{NehringPoghosyanZessin2013, author = {Nehring, Benjamin and Poghosyan, Suren and Zessin, Hans}, title = {On the construction of point processes in statistical mechanics}, series = {Journal of mathematical physics}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of mathematical physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0022-2488}, doi = {10.1063/1.4807724}, pages = {15}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We present a new approach to the construction of point processes of classical statistical mechanics as well as processes related to the Ginibre Bose gas of Brownian loops and to the dissolution in R-d of Ginibre's Fermi-Dirac gas of such loops. This approach is based on the cluster expansion method. We obtain the existence of Gibbs perturbations of a large class of point processes. Moreover, it is shown that certain "limiting Gibbs processes" are Gibbs in the sense of Dobrushin, Lanford, and Ruelle if the underlying potential is positive. Finally, Gibbs modifications of infinitely divisible point processes are shown to solve a new integration by parts formula if the underlying potential is positive.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtMieuletHubbertenetal.2013, author = {Schmidt, Romy and Mieulet, Delphine and Hubberten, Hans-Michael and Obata, Toshihiro and H{\"o}fgen, Rainer and Fernie, Alisdair R. and Fisahn, Joachim and Segundo, Blanca San and Guiderdoni, Emmanuel and Schippers, Jos H. M. and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd}, title = {Salt-responsive ERF1 regulates reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling during the initial response to salt stress in rice}, series = {The plant cell}, volume = {25}, journal = {The plant cell}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {1040-4651}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.113.113068}, pages = {2115 -- 2131}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Early detection of salt stress is vital for plant survival and growth. Still, the molecular processes controlling early salt stress perception and signaling are not fully understood. Here, we identified SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1), a rice (Oryza sativa) transcription factor (TF) gene that shows a root-specific induction upon salt and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Loss of SERF1 impairs the salt-inducible expression of genes encoding members of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and salt tolerance-mediating TFs. Furthermore, we show that SERF1-dependent genes are H2O2 responsive and demonstrate that SERF1 binds to the promoters of MAPK KINASE KINASE6 (MAP3K6), MAPK5, DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING2A (DREB2A), and ZINC FINGER PROTEIN179 (ZFP179) in vitro and in vivo. SERF1 also directly induces its own gene expression. In addition, SERF1 is a phosphorylation target of MAPK5, resulting in enhanced transcriptional activity of SERF1 toward its direct target genes. In agreement, plants deficient for SERF1 are more sensitive to salt stress compared with the wild type, while constitutive overexpression of SERF1 improves salinity tolerance. We propose that SERF1 amplifies the reactive oxygen species-activated MAPK cascade signal during the initial phase of salt stress and translates the salt-induced signal into an appropriate expressional response resulting in salt tolerance.}, language = {en} } @article{MehnertBrunettiSteinbrinketal.2013, author = {Mehnert, Jan and Brunetti, Maddalena and Steinbrink, Jens and Niedeggen, Michael and Dohle, Christian}, title = {Effect of a mirror-like illusion on activation in the precuneus assessed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy}, series = {Journal of biomedical optics}, volume = {18}, journal = {Journal of biomedical optics}, number = {6}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham}, issn = {1083-3668}, doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.066001}, pages = {9}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Mirror therapy is a therapy to treat patients with pain syndromes or hemiparesis after stroke. However, the underlying neurophysiologic mechanisms are not clearly understood. In order to determine the effect of a mirror-like illusion (MIR) on brain activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, 20 healthy right-handed subjects were examined. A MIR was induced by a digital horizontal inversion of the subjects' filmed hand. Optodes were placed on the primary motor cortex (M1) and the occipito-parietal cortex (precuneus, PC). Regions of interest (ROI) were defined a priori based on previous results of similar studies and confirmed by the analysis of effect sizes. Analysis of variance of the ROI signal revealed a dissociated pattern: at the PC, the MIR caused a significant inversion of a hemispheric lateralization opposite to the perceived hand, independent of the moving hand. In contrast, activity in M1 showed lateralization opposite to the moving hand, but revealed no mirror effect. These findings extend our understanding on interhemispheric rivalry and indicate that a MIR is integrated into visuomotor coordination similar to normal view, irrespective of the hand that is actually performing the task. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)}, language = {en} } @article{KleinDarvinMeinkeetal.2013, author = {Klein, Julia and Darvin, Maxim E. and Meinke, Martina C. and Schweigert, Florian J. and M{\"u}ller, Kerstin E. and Lademann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Analyses of the correlation between dermal and blood carotenoids in female cattle by optical methods}, series = {Journal of biomedical optics}, volume = {18}, journal = {Journal of biomedical optics}, number = {6}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham}, issn = {1083-3668}, doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061219}, pages = {6}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Herd health programs for the maintenance of welfare and productivity in cattle need efficient tools for monitoring the health of individual animals. Recent reports demonstrate that the oxidative status is related to various stress conditions in dairy cows. Biomarkers, among other carotenoids, could serve as indicators of stress originating from the environment (e.g., heat stress or sun radiation) or from the animal itself (e.g., disease). To date, only invasive in vitro tests are available to assess the oxidative status in cattle. The present study compares the results of optical noninvasive in vivo measurements of dermal carotenoids in cattle udder skin using an LED-based miniaturized spectroscopic system (MSS) with those obtained by photometric analysis of beta carotene in whole blood samples using a portable device. Correlations between the concentrations of dermal and blood carotenoids were calculated under consideration of the nutritional status of the animals. Significant correlation (R = 0.86) was found for cattle with a moderate to obese body condition. Thus, the blood and skin concentrations of the marker substance beta carotene are comparable under stable stress conditions of the cattle. This demonstrates that the MSS is suitable for noninvasive assessment of dermal carotenoid concentrations in cattle.}, language = {en} } @article{Oberhaensli2013, author = {Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland}, title = {High-Pressure - Low-temperature evolution in the Indus-Tsangpo suture along the Kohistan Arc (Kaghan Valley, NE Pakistan)}, series = {Episodes : journal of international geosciences}, volume = {36}, journal = {Episodes : journal of international geosciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {Geological Society of India}, address = {Bangalore}, issn = {0705-3797}, pages = {87 -- 93}, year = {2013}, abstract = {North of Naran in the Kaghan Valley (NE Pakistan), the metabasites of the melange units lying below the Kohistan Arc, contain glaucophane. Typically they reflect blueschist-metamorphic conditions (0.7 GPa, 400 degrees C). Associated graphite-rich metapelites with quartz veins underwent upper greenschist to amphibolite conditions. Near Naran we observed in quartz grains of type 3 veins first minute relics of Fe-Mg carpholite indicating earlier blueschist metamorphic conditions. P-T estimates indicate 1.2-1.6 GPa at 380-410 degrees C, pressure and temperature values typical for blueschist metamorphic conditions. Changes in mineral assemblages and abundant sudoite component in associated chlorite point to a pressure drop after peak I conditions. We assign the observed changes to peak I conditions occurring during a Cretaceous subduction event. Temperatures estimated with Raman graphite-thermometry clearly indicate a significant subsequent rise of post-peak I temperatures up to 500 degrees C. This is compatible with the amphibolite peak II assigned to the Tertiary continental collision that leads to subduction of the Indian Plate and ultra-high-pressure metamorphism. During subduction the blueschist metamorphic metapelites underwent dehydration, which caused alteration in the overlying lithospheric mantle. In a hydrated lithospheric mantle density is significantly reduced which enhanced subduction of continental crust in the Higher Himalaya. This P-T evolution is typical for a collision orogen with a high plateau but remarkably contrasting findings from Eastern Anatolia, where plateau building is in "statu nascendi" (e.g., Oberh{\"a}nsli et al., 2010).}, language = {en} } @article{LambertDurrheimGodoyetal.2013, author = {Lambert, Ian and Durrheim, Ray and Godoy, Marcio and Kota, Mxolisi and Leahy, Pat and Ludden, John and Nickless, Edmund and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Anjian, Wang and Williams, Neil}, title = {Resourcing future generations a proposed new IUGS initiative}, series = {Episodes : journal of international geosciences}, volume = {36}, journal = {Episodes : journal of international geosciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {Geological Society of India}, address = {Bangalore}, issn = {0705-3797}, pages = {82 -- 86}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{KrasnovaVeltriSpengleretal.2013, author = {Krasnova, Hanna and Veltri, Natasha F. and Spengler, Klaus and G{\"u}nther, Oliver}, title = {"Deal of the Day" Platforms what drives Consumer loyalty?}, series = {Business \& information systems engineering : the international journal of Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {5}, journal = {Business \& information systems engineering : the international journal of Wirtschaftsinformatik}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1867-0202}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-013-0268-2}, pages = {165 -- 177}, year = {2013}, abstract = {"Deal of the Day" (DoD) platforms have quickly become popular by offering savings on local services, products and vacations. For merchants, these platforms represent a new marketing channel to advertise their products and services and attract new customers. DoD platform providers, however, struggle to maintaining a stable market share and profitability, because entry and switching costs are low. To sustain a competitive market position, DoD providers are looking for ways to build a loyal customer base. However, research examining the determinants of user loyalty in this novel context is scarce. To fill this gap, this study employs Grounded Theory methodology to develop a conceptual model of customer loyalty to a DoD provider. In the next step, qualitative insights are enriched and validated using quantitative data from a survey of 202 DoD users. The authors find that customer loyalty is in large part driven by monetary incentives, but can be eroded if impressions from merchant encounters are below expectations. In addition, enhancing the share of deals relevant for consumers, i.e. signal-to-noise ratio, and mitigating perceived risks of a transaction emerge as challenges. Beyond theoretical value, the results offer practical insights into how customer loyalty to a DoD provider can be promoted.}, language = {en} } @article{BeyeWernetSchuesslerLangeheineetal.2013, author = {Beye, Martin and Wernet, Ph. and Sch{\"u}ßler-Langeheine, Christian and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander}, title = {Time resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering: a supreme tool to understand dynamics in solids and molecules}, series = {Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy}, volume = {188}, journal = {Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0368-2048}, doi = {10.1016/j.elspec.2013.04.013}, pages = {172 -- 182}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Dynamics in materials typically involve different degrees of freedom, like charge, lattice, orbital and spin in a complex interplay. Time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) as a highly selective tool can provide unique insight and follow the details of dynamical processes while resolving symmetries, chemical and charge states, momenta, spin configurations, etc. In this paper, we review examples where the intrinsic scattering duration time is used to study femtosecond phenomena. Free-electron lasers access timescales starting in the sub-ps range through pump-probe methods and synchrotrons study the time scales longer than tens of ps. In these examples, time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering is applied to solids as well as molecular systems.}, language = {en} } @article{KoenneckeFollathPontiusetal.2013, author = {K{\"o}nnecke, Rene and Follath, R. and Pontius, N. and Schlappa, J. and Eggenstein, F. and Zeschke, T. and Bischoff, P. and Schmidt, J. -S. and Noll, T. and Trabant, C. and Schreck, S. and Wernet, Ph. and Eisebitt, S. and Senf, F. and Schuessler-Langeheine, Christian and Erko, A. and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander}, title = {The confocal plane grating spectrometer at BESSY II}, series = {Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy}, volume = {188}, journal = {Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0368-2048}, doi = {10.1016/j.elspec.2012.11.003}, pages = {133 -- 139}, year = {2013}, abstract = {At BESSY II a confocal plane grating spectrometer for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is currently under commissioning. The new endstation operates with a source size of 4 x 1 mu m(2) provided by its dedicated beamline. The RIXS-spectrometer covers an energy range from 50 eV to 1000 eV, providing a resolving power E/Delta E of 5000-15,000. The beamline allows full polarization control and gives a photon flux of up to 7 x 10(14) photons/s/0.1 A/0.1\%bandwidth by offering a resolving power E/Delta E of 4000-12,000.}, language = {en} } @article{JunemannWinterhoffNordholzetal.2013, author = {Junemann, Alexander and Winterhoff, Moritz and Nordholz, Benjamin and Rottner, Klemens and Eichinger, Ludwig and Gr{\"a}f, Ralph and Faix, Jan}, title = {ForC lacks canonical formin activity but bundles actin filaments and is required for multicellular development of Dictyostelium cells}, series = {European journal of cell biology}, volume = {92}, journal = {European journal of cell biology}, number = {6-7}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Jena}, issn = {0171-9335}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.07.001}, pages = {201 -- 212}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs) drive the nucleation and elongation of linear actin filaments downstream of Rho GTPase signalling pathways. Dictyostelium formin C (ForC) resembles a DRF, except that it lacks a genuine formin homology domain 1 (FH1), raising the questions whether or not ForC can nucleate and elongate actin filaments. We found that a recombinant ForC-FH2 fragment does not nucleate actin polymerization, but moderately decreases the rate of spontaneous actin assembly and disassembly, although the barbed-end elongation rate in the presence of the formin was not markedly changed. However, the protein bound to and crosslinked actin filaments into loose bundles of mixed polarity. Furthermore, ForC is an important regulator of morphogenesis since ForC-null cells are severely impaired in development resulting in the formation of aberrant fruiting bodies. Immunoblotting revealed that ForC is absent during growth, but becomes detectable at the onset of early aggregation when cells chemotactically stream together to form a multicellular organism, and peaks around the culmination stage. Fluorescence microscopy of cells ectopically expressing a GFP-tagged, N-terminal ForC fragment showed its prominent accumulation in the leading edge, suggesting that ForC may play a role in cell migration. In agreement with its expression profile, no defects were observed in random migration of vegetative mutant cells. Notably, chemotaxis of starved cells towards a source of cAMP was severely impaired as opposed to control. This was, however, largely due to a marked developmental delay of the mutant, as evidenced by the expression profile of the early developmental marker csA. In line with this, chemotaxis was almost restored to wild type levels after prolonged starvation. Finally, we observed a complete failure of phototaxis due to abolished slug formation and a massive reduction of spores consistent with forC promoter-driven expression of beta-galactosidase in prespore cells. Together, these findings demonstrate ForC to be critically involved in signalling of the cytoskeleton during various stages of development.}, language = {en} } @article{NowickiBindschadlerAbeOuchietal.2013, author = {Nowicki, Sophie and Bindschadler, Robert A. and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Aschwanden, Andy and Bueler, Ed and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Johnson, Jesse and Khroulev, Constantine and Larour, Eric and Levermann, Anders and Lipscomb, William H. and Martin, Maria A. and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and Pollard, David and Price, Stephen F. and Ren, Diandong and Rignot, Eric and Saito, Fuyuki and Sato, Tatsuru and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li}, title = {Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project II Greenland}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface}, volume = {118}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9003}, doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20076}, pages = {1025 -- 1044}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) effort explores the sensitivity of the current generation of ice sheet models to external forcing to gain insight into the potential future contribution to sea level from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. All participating models simulated the ice sheet response to three types of external forcings: a change in oceanic condition, a warmer atmospheric environment, and enhanced basal lubrication. Here an analysis of the spatial response of the Greenland ice sheet is presented, and the impact of model physics and spin-up on the projections is explored. Although the modeled responses are not always homogeneous, consistent spatial trends emerge from the ensemble analysis, indicating distinct vulnerabilities of the Greenland ice sheet. There are clear response patterns associated with each forcing, and a similar mass loss at the full ice sheet scale will result in different mass losses at the regional scale, as well as distinct thickness changes over the ice sheet. All forcings lead to an increased mass loss for the coming centuries, with increased basal lubrication and warmer ocean conditions affecting mainly outlet glaciers, while the impacts of atmospheric forcings affect the whole ice sheet.}, language = {en} } @article{MohrCoppusIroumeetal.2013, author = {Mohr, Christian Heinrich and Coppus, Ruben and Iroume, Andres and Huber, Anton and Bronstert, Axel}, title = {Runoff generation and soil erosion processes after clear cutting}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface}, volume = {118}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9003}, doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20047}, pages = {814 -- 831}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Timber harvesting by clear cutting is known to impose environmental impacts, including severe disturbance of the soil hydraulic properties which intensify the frequency and magnitude of surface runoff and soil erosion. However, it remains unanswered if harvest areas act as sources or sinks for runoff and soil erosion and whether such behavior operates in a steady state or evolves through time. For this purpose, 92 small-scale rainfall simulations of different intensities were carried out under pine plantation conditions and on two clear-cut harvest areas of different age. Nonparametrical Random Forest statistical models were set up to quantify the impact of environmental variables on the hydrological and erosion response. Regardless of the applied rainfall intensity, runoff always initiated first and yielded most under plantation cover. Counter to expectations, infiltration rates increased after logging activities. Once a threshold rainfall intensity of 20mm/h was exceeded, the younger harvest area started to act as a source for both runoff and erosion after connectivity was established, whereas it remained a sink under lower applied rainfall intensities. The results suggest that the impact of microtopography on surface runoff connectivity and water-repellent properties of the topsoil act as first-order controls for the hydrological and erosion processes in such environments. Fast rainfall-runoff response, sediment-discharge-hystereses, and enhanced postlogging groundwater recharge at catchment scale support our interpretation. At the end, we show the need to account for nonstationary hydrological and erosional behavior of harvest areas, a fact previously unappreciated in predictive models.}, language = {en} } @article{NeillCoeRiskinetal.2013, author = {Neill, Christopher and Coe, Michael T. and Riskin, Shelby H. and Krusche, Alex V. and Elsenbeer, Helmut and Macedo, Marcia N. and McHorney, Richard and Lefebvre, Paul and Davidson, Eric A. and Scheffler, Raphael and Figueira, Adelaine Michela e Silva and Porder, Stephen and Deegan, Linda A.}, title = {Watershed responses to Amazon soya bean cropland expansion and intensification}, series = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {368}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1619}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8436}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0425}, pages = {7}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The expansion and intensification of soya bean agriculture in southeastern Amazonia can alter watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry by changing the land cover, water balance and nutrient inputs. Several new insights on the responses of watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry to deforestation in Mato Grosso have emerged from recent intensive field campaigns in this region. Because of reduced evapotranspiration, total water export increases threefold to fourfold in soya bean watersheds compared with forest. However, the deep and highly permeable soils on the broad plateaus on which much of the soya bean cultivation has expanded buffer small soya bean watersheds against increased stormflows. Concentrations of nitrate and phosphate do not differ between forest or soya bean watersheds because fixation of phosphorus fertilizer by iron and aluminium oxides and anion exchange of nitrate in deep soils restrict nutrient movement. Despite resistance to biogeochemical change, streams in soya bean watersheds have higher temperatures caused by impoundments and reduction of bordering riparian forest. In larger rivers, increased water flow, current velocities and sediment flux following deforestation can reshape stream morphology, suggesting that cumulative impacts of deforestation in small watersheds will occur at larger scales.}, language = {en} } @article{SivanesanLyAdamkiewiczetal.2013, author = {Sivanesan, Arumugam and Ly, Khoa H. and Adamkiewicz, Witold and Stiba, Konstanze and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Weidinger, Inez M.}, title = {Tunable electric field enhancement and redox chemistry on TiO2 Island films via covalent attachment to Ag or Au nanostructures}, series = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, volume = {117}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, number = {22}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1932-7447}, doi = {10.1021/jp4032578}, pages = {11866 -- 11872}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Ag-TiO2 and Au-TiO2 hybrid electrodes were designed by covalent attachment of TiO2 nanoparticles to Ag or Au electrodes via an organic linker. The optical and electronic properties of these systems were investigated using the cytochrome b(5) (Cyt b(5)) domain of sulfite oxidase, exclusively attached to the TiO2 surface, as a Raman marker and model redox enzyme. Very strong SERR signals of Cyt b(5) were obtained for Ag-supported systems due to plasmonic field enhancement of Ag. Time-resolved surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic measurements yielded a remarkably fast electron transfer kinetic (k = 60 s(-1)) of Cyt b(5) to Ag. A much lower Raman intensity was observed for Au-supported systems with undefined and slow redox behavior. We explain this phenomenon on the basis of the different potential of zero charge of the two metals that largely influence the electronic properties of the TiO2 island film.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtKrehlHauke2013, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Krehl, Stefan and Hauke, Sylvia}, title = {Assisted tandem catalytic cross metathesis-oxidation in one flask from styrenes to 1,2-Diketones and further to quinoxalines}, series = {The journal of organic chemistry}, volume = {78}, journal = {The journal of organic chemistry}, number = {11}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-3263}, doi = {10.1021/jo4005684}, pages = {5427 -- 5435}, year = {2013}, abstract = {1,2-Diketones were synthesized from styrenes by combining a cross metathesis and a Ru-catalyzed alkene oxidation to an assisted tandem catalytic sequence. The synthesis relies on the use of just one metathesis precatalyst, which was in situ converted to the oxidation catalyst by addition of an alkyl hydroperoxide as a chemical trigger and oxidant. The one-flask sequence can be extended beyond 1,2-diketones to quinoxalines, by condensation of the oxidation products with ortho-phenylenediamine.}, language = {en} } @article{RojasTierschRabeetal.2013, author = {Rojas, Oscar and Tiersch, Brigitte and Rabe, Christian and Stehle, Ralf and Hoell, Armin and Arlt, Bastian and Koetz, Joachim}, title = {Nonaqueous Microemulsions Based on N,N '-Alkylimidazolium Alkylsulfate Ionic Liquids}, series = {Langmuir}, volume = {29}, journal = {Langmuir}, number = {23}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0743-7463}, doi = {10.1021/la401080q}, pages = {6833 -- 6839}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The ternary system composed of the ionic liquid surfactant (IL-S) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecylsulfate ([Bmim][DodSO(4)]), the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([Emim][EtSO4]), and toluene has been investigated. Three major mechanisms guiding the structure of the isotropic phase were identified by means of conductometric experiments, which have been correlated to the presence of oil-in-IL, bicontinuous, and IL-in-oil microemulsions. IL-S forms micelles in toluene, which swell by adding RTIL as to be shown by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Therefore, it is possible to form water free IL-in-oil reverse microemulsions <= 10 nm in size as a new type of nanoreactor.}, language = {en} } @article{GhobadiHeuchelKratzetal.2013, author = {Ghobadi, Ehsan and Heuchel, Matthias and Kratz, Karl and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Simulating the shape-Memory behavior of amorphous switching domains of Poly(L-lactide) by molecular dynamics}, series = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, volume = {214}, journal = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1022-1352}, doi = {10.1002/macp.201200450}, pages = {1273 -- 1283}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The thermally induced shape-memory effect of polymers is typically characterized by cyclic uniaxial thermomechanical tests. Here, a molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation approach of such a cyclic uniaxial thermomechanical test is presented for amorphous switching domains of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). Uniaxial deformation of the constructed PLLA models is simulated with a Parinello-Rahman scheme, as well as a pragmatic geometrical approach. We are able to describe two subsequent test cycles using the presented simulation approach. The obtained simulated shape-memory properties in both test cycles are similar and independent of the applied deformation protocols. The simulated PLLA shows high shape fixity ratios (Rf 94\%), but only a moderate shape recovery ratio is obtained (Rr 30\%). Finally, the structural changes during the simulated test are characterized by analysis of the changes in the dihedral angle distributions.}, language = {en} } @article{SauterKratzLendlein2013, author = {Sauter, Tilman and Kratz, Karl and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Pore-size distribution controls shape-memory properties on the macro- and microscale of polymeric foams}, series = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, volume = {214}, journal = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1022-1352}, doi = {10.1002/macp.201300062}, pages = {1184 -- 1188}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Open porous foams with identical foam density but different pore-size distributions (bimodal or monomodal) are prepared from a shape-memory polyetherurethane (PEU) by thermally induced phase separation. The shape-memory effect of the two PEU foams is explored by cyclic thermomechanical compression tests and microstructural analysis. The obtained results reveal that the PEU foam with a bimodal pore-size distribution exhibits an increased shape-recovery under stress-free conditions, both on the macro- (foam level) as well as the microscale (pore level). While bimodal pore-size distributions induce microscale bending during compression, buckling occurs in foams with monomodal pore-size distributions, leading to both a reduced and delayed shape recovery.}, language = {en} } @article{LendleinSauter2013, author = {Lendlein, Andreas and Sauter, Tilman}, title = {Shape-memory effect in polymers}, series = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, volume = {214}, journal = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1022-1352}, doi = {10.1002/macp.201300098}, pages = {1175 -- 1177}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{YadavalliSanter2013, author = {Yadavalli, Nataraja Sekhar and Santer, Svetlana}, title = {In-situ atomic force microscopy study of the mechanism of surface relief grating formation in photosensitive polymer films}, series = {Journal of applied physics}, volume = {113}, journal = {Journal of applied physics}, number = {22}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-8979}, doi = {10.1063/1.4809640}, pages = {12}, year = {2013}, abstract = {When photosensitive azobenzene-containing polymer films are irradiated with light interference patterns, topographic variations in the film develop that follow the local distribution of the electric field vector. The exact correspondence of e.g., the vector orientation in relation to the presence of local topographic minima or maxima is in general difficult to determine. Here, we report on a systematic procedure how this can be accomplished. For this, we devise a new set-up combining an atomic force microscope and two-beam interferometry. With this set-up, it is possible to track the topography change in-situ, while at the same time changing polarization and phase of the impinging interference pattern. This is the first time that an absolute correspondence between the local distribution of electric field vectors and the local topography of the relief grating could be established exhaustively. Our setup does not require a complex mathematical post-processing and its simplicity renders it interesting for characterizing photosensitive polymer films in general.}, language = {en} } @article{QiuHollaenderWirgesetal.2013, author = {Qiu, Xunlin and Holl{\"a}nder, Lars and Wirges, Werner and Gerhard, Reimund and Basso, Heitor Cury}, title = {Direct hysteresis measurements on ferroelectret films by means of a modified Sawyer-Tower circuit}, series = {Journal of applied physics}, volume = {113}, journal = {Journal of applied physics}, number = {22}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-8979}, doi = {10.1063/1.4809556}, pages = {8}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Ferro- and piezo-electrets are non-polar polymer foams or film systems with internally charged cavities. Since their invention more than two decades ago, ferroelectrets have become a welcome addition to the range of piezo-, pyro-, and ferro-electric materials available for device applications. A polarization-versus-electric-field hysteresis is an essential feature of a ferroelectric material and may also be used for determining some of its main properties. Here, a modified Sawyer-Tower circuit and a combination of unipolar and bipolar voltage waveforms are employed to record hysteresis curves on cellular-foam polypropylene ferroelectret films and on tubular-channel fluoroethylenepropylene copolymer ferroelectret film systems. Internal dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are required for depositing the internal charges in ferroelectrets. The true amount of charge transferred during the internal DBDs is obtained from voltage measurements on a standard capacitor connected in series with the sample, but with a much larger capacitance than the sample. Another standard capacitor with a much smaller capacitance-which is, however, still considerably larger than the sample capacitance-is also connected in series as a high-voltage divider protecting the electrometer against destructive breakdown. It is shown how the DBDs inside the polymer cavities lead to phenomenological hysteresis curves that cannot be distinguished from the hysteresis loops found on other ferroic materials. The physical mechanisms behind the hysteresis behavior are described and discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{HuettlHettrichMilleretal.2013, author = {H{\"u}ttl, Christine and Hettrich, Cornelia and Miller, Reinhard and Paulke, Bernd-Reiner and Henklein, Petra and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Bier, Frank Fabian}, title = {Self-assembled peptide amphiphiles function as multivalent binder with increased hemagglutinin affinity}, series = {BMC biotechnology}, volume = {13}, journal = {BMC biotechnology}, number = {22}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1472-6750}, doi = {10.1186/1472-6750-13-51}, pages = {10}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background: A promising way in diagnostic and therapeutic applications is the development of peptide amphiphiles (PAs). Peptides with a palmitic acid alkylchain were designed and characterized to study the effect of the structure modifications on self-assembling capabilities and the multiple binding capacity to hemagglutinin (HA), the surface protein of influenza virus type A. The peptide amphiphiles consists of a hydrophilic headgroup with a biological functionality of the peptide sequence and a chemically conjugated hydrophobic tail. In solution they self-assemble easily to micelles with a hydrophobic core surrounded by a closely packed peptide-shell. Results: In this study the effect of a multiple peptide binding partner to the receptor binding site of HA could be determined with surface plasmon resonance measurements. The applied modification of the peptides causes signal amplification in relationship to the unmodified peptide wherein the high constant specificity persists. The molecular assembly of the peptides was characterized by the determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) with concentration of 10(-5) M and the colloidal size distribution. Conclusion: The modification of the physico-chemical parameters by producing peptide amphiphiles form monomeric structures which enhances the binding affinity and allows a better examination of the interaction with the virus surface protein hemagglutinin.}, language = {en} } @article{WolffBrand2013, author = {Wolff, Wanja and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Subjective stressors in school and their relation to neuroenhancement a behavioral perspective on students' everyday life "doping"}, series = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy}, volume = {8}, journal = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1747-597X}, doi = {10.1186/1747-597X-8-23}, pages = {6}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background: The use of psychoactive substances to neuroenhance cognitive performance is prevalent. Neuroenhancement (NE) in everyday life and doping in sport might rest on similar attitudinal representations, and both behaviors can be theoretically modeled by comparable means-to-end relations (substance-performance). A behavioral (not substance-based) definition of NE is proposed, with assumed functionality as its core component. It is empirically tested whether different NE variants (lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance) can be regressed to school stressors. Findings: Participants were 519 students (25.8 +/- 8.4 years old, 73.1\% female). Logistic regressions indicate that a modified doping attitude scale can predict all three NE variants. Multiple NE substance abuse was frequent. Overwhelming demands in school were associated with lifestyle and prescription drug NE. Conclusions: Researchers should be sensitive for probable structural similarities between enhancement in everyday life and sport and systematically explore where findings from one domain can be adapted for the other. Policy makers should be aware that students might misperceive NE as an acceptable means of coping with stress in school, and help to form societal sensitivity for the topic of NE among our younger ones in general.}, language = {en} } @article{tAliuArchambaultArlenetal.2013, author = {tAliu, E. and Archambault, S. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and Bird, R. and Bouvier, A. and Bradbury, S. M. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. and Byrum, K. and Cannon, A. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Collins-Hughes, E. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, W. and Dickherber, R. and Duke, C. and Dumm, J. and Dwarkadas, Vikram V. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Federici, Simone and Feng, Q. and Finley, J. P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Gillanders, G. H. and Godambe, S. and Gotthelf, E. V. and Griffin, S. and Grube, J. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Huan, H. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Kaaret, P. and Karlsson, N. and Kertzman, M. and Khassen, Y. and Kieda, D. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and Lee, K. and Madhavan, A. S. and Maier, G. and Majumdar, P. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Millis, J. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Nelson, T. and de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain and Ong, R. A. and Orr, M. and Otte, A. N. and Pandel, D. and Park, N. and Perkins, J. S. and Pohl, Martin and Popkow, A. and Prokoph, H. and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L. C. and Reynolds, P. T. and Roache, E. and Rose, H. J. and Ruppel, Jens and Saxon, D. B. and Schroedter, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Sentuerk, G. D. and Skole, C. and Telezhinsky, Igor O. and Tesic, G. and Theiling, M. and Thibadeau, S. and Tsurusaki, K. and Tyler, J. and Varlotta, A. and Vassiliev, V. V. and Vincent, S. and Wakely, S. P. and Ward, J. E. and Weekes, T. C. and Weinstein, A. and Weisgarber, T. and Welsing, R. and Williams, D. A. and Zitzer, B.}, title = {Discovery of TeV Gamma-Ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {770}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93}, pages = {7}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0 degrees.23 +/- 0 degrees.03(stat-0 degrees.02sys)(+0 degrees.04) and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N-0 x (E/TeV)-Gamma) with a photon index of Gamma = 2.37 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalization of N-0 = 1.5 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.4(sys) x 10(-12) photon TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). This yields an integral flux of 5.2 +/- 0.8(stat) +/- 1.4(sys) x 10(-12) photon cm(-2) s(-1) above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7\% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.}, language = {en} } @article{GergsZenkerGrimmetal.2013, author = {Gergs, Andre and Zenker, Armin and Grimm, Volker and Preuss, Thomas G.}, title = {Chemical and natural stressors combined from cryptic effects to population extinction}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {3}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep02036}, pages = {8}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In addition to natural stressors, populations are increasingly exposed to chemical pollutants released into the environment. We experimentally demonstrate the loss of resilience for Daphnia magna populations that are exposed to a combination of natural and chemical stressors even though effects on population size of a single stressor were cryptic, i.e. hard to detect statistically. Data on Daphnia population demography and along with model-based exploration of our predator-prey system revealed that direct trophic interactions changed the population size-structure and thereby increased population vulnerability to the toxicant which acts in a size selective manner. Moreover, population vulnerability to the toxicant increases with predator size and predation intensity whereas indirect trait-mediated interactions via predator kairomones may buffer chemical effects to a certain extent. Our study demonstrates that population size can be a poor endpoint for risk assessments of chemicals and that ignoring disturbance interactions can lead to severe underestimation of extinction risk.}, language = {en} } @article{TemirbayevNalibayevZhanabaevetal.2013, author = {Temirbayev, Amirkhan A. and Nalibayev, Yerkebulan D. and Zhanabaev, Zeinulla Zh. and Ponomarenko, Vladimir I. and Rosenblum, Michael}, title = {Autonomous and forced dynamics of oscillator ensembles with global nonlinear coupling an experimental study}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {87}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.87.062917}, pages = {11}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We perform experiments with 72 electronic limit-cycle oscillators, globally coupled via a linear or nonlinear feedback loop. While in the linear case we observe a standard Kuramoto-like synchronization transition, in the nonlinear case, with increase of the coupling strength, we first observe a transition to full synchrony and then a desynchronization transition to a quasiperiodic state. However, in this state the ensemble remains coherent so that the amplitude of the mean field is nonzero, but the frequency of the mean field is larger than frequencies of all oscillators. Next, we analyze effects of common periodic forcing of the linearly or nonlinearly coupled ensemble and demonstrate regimes when the mean field is entrained by the force whereas the oscillators are not.}, language = {en} } @article{FechnerKoetz2013, author = {Fechner, Mabya and Koetz, Joachim}, title = {Polyampholyte/Surfactant complexes at the water-air interface a surface tension study}, series = {Langmuir}, volume = {29}, journal = {Langmuir}, number = {25}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0743-7463}, doi = {10.1021/la401576q}, pages = {7600 -- 7606}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The present paper is related to interactions between strongly alternating polyampholytes, i.e., copolymers of N,N'-diallyl-N,N'-dimethylammonium chloride and maleamic acid derivatives, varying in hydrophobicity and excess charges and the oppositely charged anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Surface tension measurements have revealed a complex behavior with the formation of polyampholyte-SDS complexes at water air interfaces which depends on both the hydrophobic character of the polyampholyte and electrostatic attractive forces between the polyampholyte and the anionic surfactant in dependence on pH. Hereby, maleamic acid copolymers with additional carboxylic groups in the phenylic side chain show a significant lower surface tension at the critical association concentration (CAC) due to the formation of surface-active SDS complexes and multicomplexes. In the presence of only one carboxylic group in the p-position the CAC can be strongly shifted by varying the pH due to repulsive electrostatic interactions.}, language = {en} } @article{LissoSchroederMuessig2013, author = {Lisso, Janina and Schr{\"o}der, Florian and M{\"u}ssig, Carsten}, title = {EXO modifies sucrose and trehalose responses and connects the extracellular carbon status to growth}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, number = {25}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2013.00219}, pages = {18}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Plants have the capacity to adapt growth to changing environmental conditions. This implies the modulation of metabolism according to the availability of carbon (C). Particular interest in the response to the C availability is based on the increasing atmospheric levels of CO2. Several regulatory pathways that link the C status to growth have emerged. The extracellular EXO protein is essential for cell expansion and promotes shoot and root growth. Homologous proteins were identified in evolutionarily distant green plants. We show here that the EXO protein connects growth with C responses. The exo mutant displayed altered responses to exogenous sucrose supplemented to the growth medium. Impaired growth of the mutant in synthetic medium was associated with the accumulation of starch and anthocyanins, altered expression of sugar-responsive genes, and increased abscisic acid levels. Thus, EXO modulates several responses related to the C availability. Growth retardation on medium supplemented with 2-deoxy-glucose, mannose, and palatinose was similar to the wildtype. Trehalose feeding stimulated root growth and shoot biomass production of exoplants where as it inhibited growth of the wildtype. The phenotypic features of the exo mutant suggest that apoplastic processes coordinate growth and C responses.}, language = {en} } @article{MenonLevermannSchewe2013, author = {Menon, Arathy and Levermann, Anders and Schewe, Jacob}, title = {Enhanced future variability during India's rainy season}, series = {Geophysical research letters}, volume = {40}, journal = {Geophysical research letters}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1002/grl.50583}, pages = {3242 -- 3247}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The Indian summer monsoon shapes the livelihood of a large share of the world's population. About 80\% of annual precipitation over India occurs during the monsoon season from June through September. Next to its seasonal mean rainfall, the day-to-day variability is crucial for the risk of flooding, national water supply, and agricultural productivity. Here we show that the latest ensemble of climate model simulations, prepared for the AR-5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, consistently projects significant increases in day-to-day rainfall variability under unmitigated climate change. The relative increase by the period 2071-2100 with respect to the control period 1871-1900 ranges from 13\% to 50\% under the strongest scenario (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP-8.5), in the 10 models with the most realistic monsoon climatology; and 13\% to 85\% when all the 20 models are considered. The spread across models reduces when variability increase per degree of global warming is considered, which is independent of the scenario in most models, and is 8\% +/- 4\%/K on average. This consistent projection across 20 comprehensive climate models provides confidence in the results and suggests the necessity of profound adaptation measures in the case of unmitigated climate change.}, language = {en} } @article{SchweizerPlessnerBrand2013, author = {Schweizer, Geoffrey and Plessner, Henning and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Establishing standards for Basketball Elite Referees' decisions}, series = {Journal of applied sport psychology}, volume = {25}, journal = {Journal of applied sport psychology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1041-3200}, doi = {10.1080/10413200.2012.741090}, pages = {370 -- 375}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Basketball referees' decisions in ambiguous situations are supposed to adhere to common standards. We propose that standards can be established by video training-programs. Thirty-three German elite basketball referees participated in an online experiment. Feedback during a learning phase influenced decisions (foul vs. no call) in a subsequent test phase. These results provide a starting point for further investigations into establishing standards for referees. They suggest that establishing standards for referees' decisions in ambiguous situations may be a worthwhile approach for improving the quality of referees' decisions.}, language = {en} } @article{AwasthiRitschelLipowskyetal.2013, author = {Awasthi, Neha and Ritschel, Thomas and Lipowsky, Reinhard and Knecht, Volker}, title = {Standard gibbs energies of formation and equilibrium constants from ab-initio calculations covalent dimerization of NO2 and synthesis of NH3}, series = {The journal of chemical thermodynamics}, volume = {62}, journal = {The journal of chemical thermodynamics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {0021-9614}, doi = {10.1016/j.jct.2013.03.011}, pages = {211 -- 221}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Standard quantum chemical methods are used for accurate calculation of thermochemical properties such as enthalpies of formation, entropies and Gibbs energies of formation. Equilibrium reactions are widely investigated and experimental measurements often lead to a range of reaction Gibbs energies and equilibrium constants. It is useful to calculate these equilibrium properties from quantum chemical methods in order to address the experimental differences. Furthermore, most standard calculation methods differ in accuracy and feasibility of the system size. Hence, asystematic comparison of equilibrium properties calculated with different numerical algorithms would provide a useful reference. We select two well-known gas phase equilibrium reactions with small molecules: covalent dimer formation of NO2 (2NO(2) reversible arrow N2O4) and the synthesis of NH3 (N-2 + 3 H-2 reversible arrow 2NH(3)). We test four quantum chemical methods denoted by G3B3, CBS-APNO, W1 and CCSD(T) with aug-cc-pVXZ basis sets (X = 2, 3, and 4), to obtain thermochemical data for NO2, N2O4, and NH3. The calculated standard formation Gibbs energies Delta(f)G degrees are used to calculate standard reaction Gibbs energies Delta(r)G degrees and standard equilibrium constants K-eq for the two reactions. Standard formation enthalpies Delta H-f degrees are calculated in a more reliable way using high-level methods such as W1 and CCSD(T). Standard entropies S degrees for the molecules are calculated well within the range of experiments for all methods, however, the values of standard formation Gibbs energies Delta(f)G degrees show some dependence on the choice of the method. High-level methods perform better for the calculation of molecular energies, however, simpler methods such as G3B3 and CBS-APNO perform quite well in the calculation of total reaction energies and equilibrium constants, provided that the chemical species involved do not exhibit molecular geometries that are difficult to handle by the applied method. The temperature dependence of standard reaction Gibbs energy Delta(r)G degrees for the NH3 reaction is discussed by using the calculated standard formation Gibbs energies Delta(f)G degrees of the reaction species at 298.15 K. The corresponding equilibrium constant K-eq as a function of temperature is found to be close to experimental values.}, language = {en} } @article{KuhlmannJaekel2013, author = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and J{\"a}kel, Tim}, title = {Competing, collaborating or controlling? - Comparing benchmarking in European local government}, series = {Public money \& management : integrating theory and practice in public management}, volume = {33}, journal = {Public money \& management : integrating theory and practice in public management}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0954-0962}, doi = {10.1080/09540962.2013.799815}, pages = {269 -- 276}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The way that local authorities in OECD countries compare and benchmark their performance varies widely. This paper explains some of the reasons behind the variations. The current local government benchmarking schemes in Europe their governance, coverage and impactlargely depend on the institutional characteristics of the respective administrative and local government systems (in other words, the starting conditions). There are signs that, as a result of the fiscal crisis in Europe and need to cut public sector costs, many countries (but not England and Wales) are leaning towards compulsory large-scale benchmarking projects.}, language = {en} } @article{YairBryanLaveeetal.2013, author = {Yair, Aaron and Bryan, Rorke B. and Lavee, Hanoch and Schwanghart, Wolfgang and Kuhn, Nikolaus J.}, title = {The resilience of a badland area to climate change in an arid environment}, series = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution}, volume = {106}, journal = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2012.04.006}, pages = {12 -- 21}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Badlands have long been considered as model landscapes due to their perceived close relationship between form and process. The often intense features of erosion have also attracted many geomorphologists because the associated high rates of erosion appeared to offer the opportunity for studying surface processes and the resulting forms. Recently, the perceived simplicity of badlands has been questioned because the expected relationships between driving forces for erosion and the resulting sediment yield could not be observed. Further, a high variability in erosion and sediment yield has been observed across scales. Finally, denudation based on currently observed erosion rates would have lead to the destruction of most badlands a long time ago. While the perceived simplicity of badlands has sparked a disproportional (compared to the land surface they cover) amount of research, our increasing amount of information has not necessarily increased our understanding of badlands in equal terms. Overall, badlands appear to be more complex than initially assumed. In this paper, we review 40 years of research in the Zin Valley Badlands in Israel to reconcile some of the conflicting results observed there and develop a perspective on the function of badlands as model landscapes. While the data collected in the Zin Valley clearly confirm that spatial and temporal patterns of geomorphic processes and their interaction with topography and surface properties have to be understood, we still conclude that the process of realizing complexity in the "simple" badlands has a model function both for our understanding as well as perspective on all landscape systems.}, language = {en} } @article{DelikostidisEngelRetsiosetal.2013, author = {Delikostidis, Ioannis and Engel, Juri and Retsios, Bas and van Elzakker, Corne P. J. M. and Kraak, Menno-Jan and D{\"o}llner, J{\"u}rgen Roland Friedrich}, title = {Increasing the usability of pedestrian navigation interfaces by means of landmark visibility analysis}, series = {The journal of navigation}, volume = {66}, journal = {The journal of navigation}, number = {4}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0373-4633}, doi = {10.1017/S0373463313000209}, pages = {523 -- 537}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Communicating location-specific information to pedestrians is a challenging task which can be aided by user-friendly digital technologies. In this paper, landmark visibility analysis, as a means for developing more usable pedestrian navigation systems, is discussed. Using an algorithmic framework for image-based 3D analysis, this method integrates a 3D city model with identified landmarks and produces raster visibility layers for each one. This output enables an Android phone prototype application to indicate the visibility of landmarks from the user's actual position. Tested in the field, the method achieves sufficient accuracy for the context of use and improves navigation efficiency and effectiveness.}, language = {en} } @article{Kraemer2013, author = {Kr{\"a}mer, Philipp}, title = {Creole exceptionalism in a historical perspective - from 19th century reflection to a self-conscious discipline}, series = {Language sciences}, volume = {38}, journal = {Language sciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0388-0001}, doi = {10.1016/j.langsci.2013.02.003}, pages = {99 -- 109}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In order to re-evaluate the ongoing debate about so-called creole exceptionalism, parallels and continuities from historical texts are shown in a line of argumentation that can be found both in works from the 19th century and from today. Mainly, the influential study of Mauritian Creole by Charles Baissac (1880) exhibits considerable similarities with today's exceptionalist positions. Persisting arguments such as the idea of creoles as "simple", "young" and "natural" languages are (and were) to show the difference of creoles from other languages. Creolists argue that evidence of creoles as a distinct class provides support for the relevance and independence of creolistics as a discipline. Comparing contemporary and historical sources can shed new light on the epistemological heritage of the field.}, language = {en} } @article{BukovinszkyHelmsingGrauetal.2013, author = {Bukovinszky, Tibor and Helmsing, Nico R. and Grau, R. A. and Bakker, Elisabeth S. and Bezemer, T. Martijn and Vos, Matthijs and Uittenhout, H. and Verschoor, A. M.}, title = {A device to study the behavioral responses of zooplankton to food quality and quantity}, series = {Journal of insect behavior}, volume = {26}, journal = {Journal of insect behavior}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0892-7553}, doi = {10.1007/s10905-012-9366-0}, pages = {453 -- 465}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In order to explore the behavioral mechanisms underlying aggregation of foragers on local resource patches, it is necessary to manipulate the location, quality and quantity of food patches. This requires careful control over the conditions in the foraging arena, which may be a challenging task in the case of aquatic resource-consumer systems, like that of freshwater zooplankton feeding on suspended algal cells. We present an experimental tool designed to aid behavioral ecologists in exploring the consequences of resource characteristics for zooplankton aggregation behavior and movement decisions under conditions where the boundaries and characteristics (quantity and quality) of food patches can be standardized. The aggregation behavior of Daphnia magna and D. galeata x hyalina was tested in relation to i) the presence or absence of food or ii) food quality, where algae of high or low nutrient (phosphorus) content were offered in distinct patches. Individuals of both Daphnia species chose tubes containing food patches and D. galeata x hyalina also showed a preference towards food patches of high nutrient content. We discuss how the described equipment complements other behavioral approaches providing a useful tool to understand animal foraging decisions in environments with heterogeneous resource distributions.}, language = {en} } @article{PfaeffleStephan2013, author = {Pf{\"a}ffle, Frank and Stephan, Christoph A.}, title = {Chiral asymmetry and the spectral action}, series = {Communications in mathematical physics}, volume = {321}, journal = {Communications in mathematical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0010-3616}, doi = {10.1007/s00220-012-1641-6}, pages = {283 -- 310}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We consider orthogonal connections with arbitrary torsion on compact Riemannian manifolds. For the induced Dirac operators, twisted Dirac operators and Dirac operators of Chamseddine-Connes type we compute the spectral action. In addition to the Einstein-Hilbert action and the bosonic part of the Standard Model Lagrangian we find the Holst term from Loop Quantum Gravity, a coupling of the Holst term to the scalar curvature and a prediction for the value of the Barbero-Immirzi parameter.}, language = {en} } @article{DonnerRoesslerKruegeretal.2013, author = {Donner, Stefanie and R{\"o}ßler, Dirk and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ghods, Abdolreza and Strecker, Manfred}, title = {Segmented seismicity of the M (w) 6.2 Baladeh earthquake sequence (Alborz Mountains, Iran) revealed from regional moment tensors}, series = {Journal of seismology}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal of seismology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1383-4649}, doi = {10.1007/s10950-013-9362-7}, pages = {925 -- 959}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The M (w) 6.2 Baladeh earthquake occurred on 28 May 2004 in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. This earthquake was the first strong shock in this intracontinental orogen for which digital regional broadband data are available. The Baladeh event provides a rare opportunity to study fault geometry and ongoing deformation processes using modern seismological methods. A joint inversion for hypocentres and a velocity model plus a surface-wave group dispersion curve analysis were used to obtain an adapted velocity model, customised for mid- and long-period waveform modelling. Based on the new velocity model, regional waveform data of the mainshock and larger aftershocks (M (w) a parts per thousand yen3.3) were inverted for moment tensors. For the Baladeh mainshock, this included inversion for kinematic parameters. All analysed earthquakes show dominant thrust mechanisms at depths between 14 and 26 km, with NW-SE striking fault planes. The mainshock ruptured a 28A degrees south-dipping area of 24 x 21 km along a north-easterly direction. The rupture plane of the mainshock does not coincide with the aftershock distribution, neither in map view nor with respect to depth. The considered aftershocks form two main clusters. The eastern cluster is associated with the mainshock. The western cluster does not appear to be connected with the rupture plane of the mainshock but, instead, indicates a second activated fault plane dipping at 85A degrees towards the north.}, language = {en} } @article{ScottKonradSchmolkeO'Brienetal.2013, author = {Scott, James M. and Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias and O'Brien, Patrick J. and G{\"u}nter, Christina}, title = {High-T, low-P formation of rare olivine-bearing symplectites in variscan eclogite}, series = {Journal of petrology}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of petrology}, number = {7}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3530}, doi = {10.1093/petrology/egt015}, pages = {1375 -- 1398}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Extremely rare veinlets and reaction textures composed of symplectites of olivine (similar to Fo(43-55)) + plagioclase +/- spinel +/- ilmenite, associated with more common pyroxene + plagioclase and amphibole + plagioclase varieties, are preserved within eclogites and garnet pyroxenites in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif. Thermodynamic modelling integrated with conventional geothermometry conducted on an eclogite reveals that the symplectite-forming stage occurred at high T (similar to 850 degrees C) and low P (< 6 and > 2 center dot 5 kbar). The development of the different symplectite types reflects reactions that took place in micro-scale domains. The breakdown of high-P garnet controlled the formation of olivine-bearing and amphibole + plagioclase symplectites, whereas breakdown of high-P omphacite led to formation of pyroxene + plagioclase symplectites. In addition, post-eclogite facies but pre-symplectite stage porphyroblastic amphibole and phlogopite were also replaced by olivine-bearing symplectites. Material transfer calculations and thermodynamic modelling indicate that the formation of different symplectite types was linked despite their different bulk compositions. For example, the olivine-bearing symplectites gained Fe +/- Mg, whereas adjacent amphibole + plagioclase and pyroxene + plagioclase symplectites show losses in Fe and Mg; Al, Si and Ca were also variably exchanged. The olivine-bearing symplectites were particularly sensitive to Na despite the small concentration of this element. In eclogites where Na was readily available, the plagioclase composition in the olivine-bearing symplectites shifted from pure anorthite to bytownite, with the less calcic feldspar partitioning Si and inhibiting the formation of orthopyroxene. This regional high-T, low-P granulite-facies symplectite overprint may have been caused by advective heat loss from rapidly exhumed high-T, high-P granulitic bodies (Gfohl Unit) that were emplaced into and over the middle crust (Monotonous and Varied Series) during Carboniferous continent-continent collision.}, language = {en} } @article{HilbertBuergerHartmannetal.2013, author = {Hilbert, Anja and Buerger, Arne and Hartmann, Andrea S. and Spenner, Kristina and Czaja, Julia and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Psychometric evaluation of the eating disorder examination adapted for children}, series = {European eating disorders review : the professional journal of the Eating Disorders Associatio}, volume = {21}, journal = {European eating disorders review : the professional journal of the Eating Disorders Associatio}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1072-4133}, doi = {10.1002/erv.2221}, pages = {330 -- 339}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The Eating Disorder Examination adapted for children (ChEDE) is the child version of the semi-structured gold standard eating disorder interview for adults. This study was a comprehensive test statistic evaluation of the German ChEDE in a large sample of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, loss of control eating, overweight and obesity, as well as non-eating-disordered and chronically ill control probands (n=352). Excellent inter-rater reliability, adequate internal consistency and satisfactory stability of ChEDE indicators were demonstrated. ChEDE indicators discriminated between diverse forms of eating and weight disturbances and normative eating and were significantly correlated with conceptually related measures. Factorial validity was not convincing; a brief eight-item scale showed the best fit. Item statistics were mostly acceptable. Overall, the ChEDE's German translation reliably and validly assesses psychopathology across the eating and weight disorder spectrum and facilitates international comparison of eating disorder research.}, language = {en} }