@article{Nehring2022, author = {Nehring, Christopher}, title = {Files, agents, "Deep State," and Russian influence: the legacy of the communist state security service in Bulgaria}, series = {International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence}, volume = {35}, journal = {International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0885-0607}, doi = {10.1080/08850607.2021.2018264}, pages = {318 -- 338}, year = {2022}, abstract = {How much influence did the former communist state security service Darzhavna sigurnost (DS) have during the transformation period in Bulgaria? For the first time in history, there is empirical data available that allow for an analysis of the role of the Bulgarian secret police and its "afterlife" after 1990. Bulgarian intelligence archives, which were made partly accessible following the country's admission to the European Union in 2007, provide an excellent basis for an analysis of the relationship between the DS and the Soviet State Committee for Security, the transformation of the Bulgarian security apparatus in 1990, attempts to disclose the state security archives, and continuous infiltration of Bulgarian politics, institutions, and security apparatus by former agents of the communist intelligence and security apparatus. The empirical data suggest that personal connections, dependencies, and informal networks of former DS agents and officials played an important role during the transformation period in Bulgaria and are at least partly responsible for political corruption, continuous Russian influence, a high degree of politicization of the Bulgarian security apparatus, misuse of intelligence and illegal surveillance practices, and a high degree of domestic and international mistrust and (dis-)loyalty.}, language = {en} } @article{CantenarKozera2022, author = {Cantenar, {\"O}mer Faruk and Kozera, Cyprian Aleksander}, title = {Fighting ISIS in Syria}, series = {Small wars \& insurgencies}, volume = {33}, journal = {Small wars \& insurgencies}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {Basingstoke}, issn = {0959-2318}, doi = {10.1080/09592318.2021.1875308}, pages = {350 -- 381}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This paper analyses the Operation Euphrates Shield (OES) al-Bab battle and presents the lessons learned. OES started with a mixed force of Free Syrian Army, Turkish special forces and armoured units. During the operation, the aims and the force structure gradually changed, yet not the command structure. When OES aimed to capture al-Bab, ISIS employed conventional active defence strategy. The OES commander's insistence on employing special forces increased own casualties and al-Bab was seized only after resorting to a conventional urban attack. OES presents tactical and operational lessons for the militaries on structure and execution of operations against an irregular adversary employing conventional means.}, language = {en} } @article{JaenickeGoddardSteinetal.2022, author = {J{\"a}nicke, Clemens and Goddard, Adam and Stein, Susanne and Steinmann, Horst-Henning and Lakes, Tobia and Nendel, Claas and M{\"u}ller, Daniel}, title = {Field-level land-use data reveal heterogeneous crop sequences with distinct regional differences in Germany}, series = {European journal of agronomy}, volume = {141}, journal = {European journal of agronomy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1161-0301}, doi = {10.1016/j.eja.2022.126632}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Crop cultivation intensifies globally, which can jeopardize biodiversity and the resilience of cropping systems. We investigate changes in crop rotations as one intensification metric for half of the croplands in Germany with annual field-level land-use data from 2005 to 2018. We proxy crop rotations with crop sequences and compare how these sequences changed among three seven-year periods. The results reveal an overall high diversity of crop sequences in Germany. Half of the cropland has crop sequences with four or more crops within a seven-year period, while continuous cultivation of the same crop is present on only 2\% of the cropland. Larger farms tend to have more diverse crop sequences and organic farms have lower shares of cereal crops. In three federal states, crop rotations became less structurally diverse over time, i.e. the number of crops and the number of changes between crops decreased. In one state, structural diversity increased and the proportion of monocropping decreased. The functional diversity of the crop sequences, which measures the share of winter and spring crops as well as the share of leaf and cereal crops per sequence, remained largely stable. Trends towards cereal-or leaf -crop dominated sequences varied between the states, and no clear overall dynamic could be observed. However, the share of winter crops per sequence decreased in all four federal states. Quantifying the dynamics of crop sequences at the field level is an important metric of land-use intensity and can reveal the patterns of land-use intensification.}, language = {en} } @article{BirukovPolemitiJaegeretal.2022, author = {Birukov, Anna and Polemiti, Elli and Jaeger, Susanne and Stefan, Norbert and Schulze, Matthias Bernd}, title = {Fetuin-A and risk of diabetes-related vascular complications}, series = {Cardiovascular diabetology}, volume = {21}, journal = {Cardiovascular diabetology}, number = {1}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {1475-2840}, doi = {10.1186/s12933-021-01439-8}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Fetuin-A is a hepatokine which has the capacity to prevent vascular calcification. Moreover, it is linked to the induction of metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and associated with increased risk of diabetes. It has not been clarified whether fetuin-A associates with risk of vascular, specifically microvascular, complications in patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate whether pre-diagnostic plasma fetuin-A is associated with risk of complications once diabetes develops. Methods Participants with incident type 2 diabetes and free of micro- and macrovascular disease from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (n = 587) were followed for microvascular and macrovascular complications (n = 203 and n = 60, respectively, median follow-up: 13 years). Plasma fetuin-A was measured approximately 4 years prior to diabetes diagnosis. Prospective associations between baseline fetuin-A and risk of complications were assessed with Cox regression. Results In multivariable models, fetuin-A was linearly inversely associated with incident total and microvascular complications, hazard ratio (HR, 95\% CI) per standard deviation (SD) increase: 0.86 (0.74; 0.99) for total, 0.84 (0.71; 0.98) for microvascular and 0.92 (0.68; 1.24) for macrovascular complications. After additional adjustment for cardiometabolic plasma biomarkers, including triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein, the associations were slightly attenuated: 0.88 (0.75; 1.02) for total, 0.85 (0.72; 1.01) for microvascular and 0.95 (0.67; 1.34) for macrovascular complications. No interaction by sex could be observed (p > 0.10 for all endpoints). Conclusions Our data show that lower plasma fetuin-A levels measured prior to the diagnosis of diabetes may be etiologically implicated in the development of diabetes-associated microvascular disease.}, language = {en} } @article{ShaydukHallmannRodriguezFernandezetal.2022, author = {Shayduk, Roman and Hallmann, J{\"o}rg and Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel and Scholz, Markus and Lu, Wei and B{\"o}senberg, Ulrike and M{\"o}ller, Johannes and Zozulya, Alexey and Jiang, Man and Wegner, Ulrike and Secareanu, Radu-Costin and Palmer, Guido and Emons, Moritz and Lederer, Max and Volkov, Sergey and Lindfors-Vrejoiu, Ionela and Schick, Daniel and Herzog, Marc and Bargheer, Matias and Madsen, Anders}, title = {Femtosecond x-ray diffraction study of multi-THz coherent phonons in SrTiO3}, series = {Applied physics letters}, volume = {120}, journal = {Applied physics letters}, number = {20}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/5.0083256}, pages = {5}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We report generation of ultra-broadband longitudinal acoustic coherent phonon wavepackets in SrTiO3 (STO) with frequency components extending throughout the first Brillouin zone. The wavepackets are efficiently generated in STO using femtosecond infrared laser excitation of an atomically flat 1.6 nm-thick epitaxial SrRuO3 film. We use femtosecond x-ray diffraction at the European X-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility to study the dispersion and damping of phonon wavepackets. The experimentally determined damping constants for multi-THz frequency phonons compare favorably to the extrapolation of a simple ultrasound damping model over several orders of magnitude.}, language = {en} } @article{GeirhosDomhardtLunkenheimeretal.2022, author = {Geirhos, Agnes and Domhardt, Matthias and Lunkenheimer, Frederike and Temming, Svenja and Holl, Reinhard and Minden, Kirsten and Warschburger, Petra and Meissner, Thomas and Mueller-Stierlin, Annabel S. and Baumeister, Harald}, title = {Feasibility and potential efficacy of a guided internet- and mobile-based CBT for adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions and comorbid depression or anxiety symptoms (youthCOACH(CD)): a randomized controlled pilot trial}, series = {BMC pediatrics}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC pediatrics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2431}, doi = {10.1186/s12887-022-03134-3}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with a chronic medical condition show an increased risk for developing mental comorbidities compared to their healthy peers. Internet- and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) might be a low-threshold treatment to support affected AYA. In this randomized controlled pilot trial, the feasibility and potential efficacy of youthCOACH(CD), an iCBT targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression in AYA with chronic medical conditions, was evaluated. Methods: A total of 30 AYA (M-age 16.13; SD= 2.34; 73\% female), aged 12-21 years either suffering from cystic fibrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis or type 1 diabetes, were randomly assigned to either a guided version of the iCBT youthCOACH(CD) (IC, n=15) or to a waitlist control group (CG, n=15), receiving an unguided version of the iCBT six months post-randomization. Participants of the IG and the CG were assessed before (t0), twelve weeks after (t1) and six months after (t2) randomization. Primary outcome was the feasibility of the iCBT. Different parameters of feasibility e.g. acceptance, client satisfaction or potential side effects were evaluated. First indications of the possible efficacy with regard to the primary efficacy outcome, the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale, and further outcome variables were evaluated using linear regression models, adjusting for baseline values. Results: Regarding feasibility, intervention completion was 60\%; intervention satisfaction (M = 25.42, SD = 5.85) and perceived therapeutic alliance (M = 2.83, SD = 1.25) were moderate and comparable to other iCBTs. No patterns emerged regarding subjective and objective negative side effects due to participation in youthCOACH(CD). Estimates of potential efficacy showed between group differences, with a potential medium-term benefit of youthCOACH(CD) (beta = -0.55, 95\%Cl: -1.17; 0.07), but probably not short-term (beta = 0.20, 95\%Cl: -0.47; 0.88). Conclusions: Our results point to the feasibility of youthCOACH(CD) and the implementation of a future definitive randomized controlled trial addressing its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Due to the small sample size, conclusions are premature, however, further strategies to foster treatment adherence should be considered.}, language = {en} } @article{BehrensGubeChaabeneetal.2022, author = {Behrens, Martin and Gube, Martin and Chaabene, Helmi and Prieske, Olaf and Zenon, Alexandre and Broscheid, Kim-Charline and Schega, Lutz and Husmann, Florian and Weippert, Matthias}, title = {Fatigue and human performance}, series = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, volume = {53}, journal = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0112-1642}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2}, pages = {7 -- 31}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Fatigue has been defined differently in the literature depending on the field of research. The inconsistent use of the term fatigue complicated scientific communication, thereby limiting progress towards a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) proposed a fatigue framework that distinguishes between trait fatigue (i.e., fatigue experienced by an individual over a longer period of time) and motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue (i.e., self-reported disabling symptom derived from the two interdependent attributes performance fatigability and perceived fatigability). Thereby, performance fatigability describes a decrease in an objective performance measure, while perceived fatigability refers to the sensations that regulate the integrity of the performer. Although this framework served as a good starting point to unravel the psychophysiology of fatigue, several important aspects were not included and the interdependence of the mechanisms driving performance fatigability and perceived fatigability were not comprehensively discussed. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to (1) update the fatigue framework suggested by Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) pertaining the taxonomy (i.e., cognitive performance fatigue and perceived cognitive fatigue were added) and important determinants that were not considered previously (e.g., effort perception, affective valence, self-regulation), (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor and cognitive tasks as well as their interdependence, and (3) provide recommendations for future research on these interactions. We propose to define motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue as a psychophysiological condition characterized by a decrease in motor or cognitive performance (i.e., motor or cognitive performance fatigue, respectively) and/or an increased perception of fatigue (i.e., perceived motor or cognitive fatigue). These dimensions are interdependent, hinge on different determinants, and depend on body homeostasis (e.g., wakefulness, core temperature) as well as several modulating factors (e.g., age, sex, diseases, characteristics of the motor or cognitive task). Consequently, there is no single factor primarily determining performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor or cognitive tasks. Instead, the relative weight of each determinant and their interaction are modulated by several factors.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmannHoppeZiemann2022, author = {Hoffmann, Christin and Hoppe, Julia Amelie and Ziemann, Niklas}, title = {Faster, harder, greener?}, series = {Ecological economics}, volume = {191}, journal = {Ecological economics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0921-8009}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107212}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Against the background of the current "Speed-Up Society," which seems to foster a trade-off between economic success and climate change, we study whether the individual Pace of Life is associated with productivity and proenvironmental behavior on the micro-level. In a controlled laboratory environment with students in Germany, we measured the productivity of participants in a real effort task, quantified their pro-environmental behavior, and recorded their individual Pace of Life. We find that individuals with a fast Pace of Life are significantly more productive. However, individuals with a fast Pace of Life behave less pro-environmentally if they are men and more pro-environmentally if they are women.}, language = {en} } @article{YanXueJiangetal.2022, author = {Yan, Xiaoli and Xue, Zhike and Jiang, Chaowei and Priest, E. R. and Kliem, Bernhard and Yang, Liheng and Wang, Jincheng and Kong, Defang and Song, Yongliang and Feng, Xueshang and Liu, Zhong}, title = {Fast plasmoid-mediated reconnection in a solar flare}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28269-w}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Magnetic reconnection is a multi-faceted process of energy conversion in astrophysical, space and laboratory plasmas that operates at microscopic scales but has macroscopic drivers and consequences. Solar flares present a key laboratory for its study, leaving imprints of the microscopic physics in radiation spectra and allowing the macroscopic evolution to be imaged, yet a full observational characterization remains elusive. Here we combine high resolution imaging and spectral observations of a confined solar flare at multiple wavelengths with data-constrained magnetohydrodynamic modeling to study the dynamics of the flare plasma from the current sheet to the plasmoid scale. The analysis suggests that the flare resulted from the interaction of a twisted magnetic flux rope surrounding a filament with nearby magnetic loops whose feet are anchored in chromospheric fibrils. Bright cusp-shaped structures represent the region around a reconnecting separator or quasi-separator (hyperbolic flux tube). The fast reconnection, which is relevant for other astrophysical environments, revealed plasmoids in the current sheet and separatrices and associated unresolved turbulent motions. Solar flares provide wide range of observational details about fundamental processes involved. Here, the authors show evidence for magnetic reconnection in a strong confined solar flare displaying all four reconnection flows with plasmoids in the current sheet and the separatrices.}, language = {en} } @article{BreitenreiterAndjelkovićSchrapeetal.2022, author = {Breitenreiter, Anselm and Andjelković, Marko and Schrape, Oliver and Krstić, Miloš}, title = {Fast error propagation probability estimates by answer set programming and approximate model counting}, series = {IEEE Access}, volume = {10}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers}, address = {Piscataway}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3174564}, pages = {51814 -- 51825}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present a method employing Answer Set Programming in combination with Approximate Model Counting for fast and accurate calculation of error propagation probabilities in digital circuits. By an efficient problem encoding, we achieve an input data format similar to a Verilog netlist so that extensive preprocessing is avoided. By a tight interconnection of our application with the underlying solver, we avoid iterating over fault sites and reduce calls to the solver. Several circuits were analyzed with varying numbers of considered cycles and different degrees of approximation. Our experiments show, that the runtime can be reduced by approximation by a factor of 91, whereas the error compared to the exact result is below 1\%.}, language = {en} } @article{TetznerBondueKrahe2022, author = {Tetzner, Julia and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Family risk factors and buffering factors for child internalizing and externalizing problems}, series = {Journal of applied developmental psychology}, volume = {80}, journal = {Journal of applied developmental psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101395}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Detrimental effects of adverse family conditions for children's wellbeing are well-documented, but little is known about the impact of specific risk factors, or about potential protective factors that buffer the effects of family risk factors on negative development. We investigated the impact of five important family risk factors (e.g., parental conflict) on internalizing and externalizing problems and the potential buffering effects of peer acceptance and academic skills at two measurement points two years apart in 1195 7-to 10-year-olds (T1: M-Age = 8.54). Latent change models showed that increases in risk factors over the two years predicted increasing internalizing and externalizing problems. Parental conflict was the most impactful risk factor, although peer acceptance and academic skills showed some buffering effects. The results highlight the necessity of investigating cumulative and single risk factors, specifically interparental conflict, and emphasize the need to strengthen children's internal and social resources to buffer the effects of adverse family conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{KuschelSonnenburgEngel2022, author = {Kuschel, Luciano Bruno and Sonnenburg, Dominik and Engel, Tilman}, title = {Factors of muscle quality and determinants of muscle strength}, series = {Healthcare}, volume = {10}, journal = {Healthcare}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2227-9032}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10101937}, pages = {29}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Muscle quality defined as the ratio of muscle strength to muscle mass disregards underlying factors which influence muscle strength. The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship of phase angle (PhA), echo intensity (EI), muscular adipose tissue (MAT), muscle fiber type, fascicle pennation angle (θf), fascicle length (lf), muscle oxidative capacity, insulin sensitivity (IS), neuromuscular activation, and motor unit to muscle strength. PubMed search was performed in 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (i) original research, (ii) human participants, (iii) adults (≥18 years). Exclusion criteria were: (i) no full-text, (ii) non-English or -German language, (iii) pathologies. Forty-one studies were identified. Nine studies found a weak-moderate negative (range r: [-0.26]-[-0.656], p < 0.05) correlation between muscle strength and EI. Four studies found a weak-moderate positive correlation (range r: 0.177-0.696, p < 0.05) between muscle strength and PhA. Two studies found a moderate-strong negative correlation (range r: [-0.446]-[-0.87], p < 0.05) between muscle strength and MAT. Two studies found a weak-strong positive correlation (range r: 0.28-0.907, p < 0.05) between θf and muscle strength. Muscle oxidative capacity was found to be a predictor of muscle strength. This review highlights that the current definition of muscle quality should be expanded upon as to encompass all possible factors of muscle quality.}, language = {en} } @article{RistowPanitsaMeyeretal.2022, author = {Ristow, Michael and Panitsa, Maria and Meyer, Stefan and Bergmeier, Erwin}, title = {Factors of detection deficits in vascular plant inventories - an island case study}, series = {Diversity}, volume = {14}, journal = {Diversity}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-2818}, doi = {10.3390/d14040303}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The degree of completeness of large-scale floristic inventories is often difficult to judge. We compared prior vascular plant species inventories of the Mediterranean island of Limnos (North Aegean, Greece) with 231 recent records from 2016-2021. Together with the recent records, the known number of vascular plant species on the island is 960 native taxa, 63 established neophytes, and 27 species of as yet casual status for a total of 1050 taxa. We looked at a number of traits (plant family, size, flower color, perceptibility, habitat, reproduction period, rarity, and status) to investigate whether they were overrepresented in the dataset of the newly found taxa. Overrepresentation was found in some plant families (e.g., Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae) and for traits such as hydrophytic life form, unobtrusive flower color, coastal as well as agricultural and ruderal habitats, and late (summer/autumn) reproduction period. Apart from the well-known fact of esthetic bias, we found evidence for ecological and perceptibility biases. Plant species inventories based on prior piecemeal collated data should focus on regionally specific species groups and underrepresented and rare habitats.}, language = {en} } @article{RebitschekEllermannJennyetal.2022, author = {Rebitschek, Felix G. and Ellermann, Christin and Jenny, Miriam A. and Siegel, Nico A. and Spinner, Christian and Wagner, Gert G.}, title = {Fact boxes that inform individual decisions may contribute to a more positive evaluation of COVID-19 vaccinations at the population level}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {17}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {9}, publisher = {PLOS}, address = {San Francisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0274186}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: For an effective control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with vaccines, most people in a population need to be vaccinated. It is thus important to know how to inform the public with reference to individual preferences-while also acknowledging the societal preference to encourage vaccinations. According to the health care standard of informed decision-making, a comparison of the benefits and harms of (not) having the vaccination would be required to inform undecided and skeptical people. To test evidence-based fact boxes, an established risk communication format, and to inform their development, we investigated their contribution to knowledge and evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: We conducted four studies (1, 2, and 4 were population-wide surveys with N = 1,942 to N = 6,056): Study 1 assessed the relationship between vaccination knowledge and intentions in Germany over three months. Study 2 assessed respective information gaps and needs of the population in Germany. In parallel, an experiment (Study 3) with a mixed design (presentation formats; pre-post-comparison) assessed the effect of fact boxes on risk perceptions and fear, using a convenience sample (N = 719). Study 4 examined how effective two fact box formats are for informing vaccination intentions, with a mixed experimental design: between-subjects (presentation formats) and within-subjects (pre-post-comparison). RESULTS: Study 1 showed that vaccination knowledge and vaccination intentions increased between November 2020 and February 2021. Study 2 revealed objective information requirements and subjective information needs. Study 3 showed that the fact box format is effective in adjusting risk perceptions concerning COVID-19. Based on those results, fact boxes were revised and implemented with the help of a national health authority in Germany. Study 4 showed that simple fact boxes increase vaccination knowledge and positive evaluations in skeptics and undecideds. CONCLUSION: Fact boxes can inform COVID-19 vaccination intentions of undecided and skeptical people without threatening societal vaccination goals of the population.}, language = {en} } @article{RebitschekEllermannJennyetal.2022, author = {Rebitschek, Felix G. and Ellermann, Christin and Jenny, Mirjam A. and Siegel, Nico A. and Spinner, Christian and Wagner, Gert G.}, title = {Fact boxes that inform individual decisions may contribute to a more positive evaluation of COVID-19 vaccinations at the population level}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {17}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {9}, publisher = {PLOS}, address = {San Francisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0274186}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective For an effective control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with vaccines, most people in a population need to be vaccinated. It is thus important to know how to inform the public with reference to individual preferences-while also acknowledging the societal preference to encourage vaccinations. According to the health care standard of informed decision-making, a comparison of the benefits and harms of (not) having the vaccination would be required to inform undecided and skeptical people. To test evidence-based fact boxes, an established risk communication format, and to inform their development, we investigated their contribution to knowledge and evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods We conducted four studies (1, 2, and 4 were population-wide surveys with N = 1,942 to N = 6,056): Study 1 assessed the relationship between vaccination knowledge and intentions in Germany over three months. Study 2 assessed respective information gaps and needs of the population in Germany. In parallel, an experiment (Study 3) with a mixed design (presentation formats; pre-post-comparison) assessed the effect of fact boxes on risk perceptions and fear, using a convenience sample (N = 719). Study 4 examined how effective two fact box formats are for informing vaccination intentions, with a mixed experimental design: between-subjects (presentation formats) and within-subjects (pre-post-comparison). Results Study 1 showed that vaccination knowledge and vaccination intentions increased between November 2020 and February 2021. Study 2 revealed objective information requirements and subjective information needs. Study 3 showed that the fact box format is effective in adjusting risk perceptions concerning COVID-19. Based on those results, fact boxes were revised and implemented with the help of a national health authority in Germany. Study 4 showed that simple fact boxes increase vaccination knowledge and positive evaluations in skeptics and undecideds. Conclusion Fact boxes can inform COVID-19 vaccination intentions of undecided and skeptical people without threatening societal vaccination goals of the population}, language = {en} } @article{ScottWeissSelhuberUnkeletal.2022, author = {Scott, Shane and Weiss, Matthias and Selhuber-Unkel, Christine and Barooji, Younes F. and Sabri, Adal and Erler, Janine T. and Metzler, Ralf and Oddershede, Lene B.}, title = {Extracting, quantifying, and comparing dynamical and biomechanical properties of living matter through single particle tracking}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {25}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, number = {3}, publisher = {RSC Publ.}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/d2cp01384c}, pages = {1513 -- 1537}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A panoply of new tools for tracking single particles and molecules has led to an explosion of experimental data, leading to novel insights into physical properties of living matter governing cellular development and function, health and disease. In this Perspective, we present tools to investigate the dynamics and mechanics of living systems from the molecular to cellular scale via single-particle techniques. In particular, we focus on methods to measure, interpret, and analyse complex data sets that are associated with forces, materials properties, transport, and emergent organisation phenomena within biological and soft-matter systems. Current approaches, challenges, and existing solutions in the associated fields are outlined in order to support the growing community of researchers at the interface of physics and the life sciences. Each section focuses not only on the general physical principles and the potential for understanding living matter, but also on details of practical data extraction and analysis, discussing limitations, interpretation, and comparison across different experimental realisations and theoretical frameworks. Particularly relevant results are introduced as examples. While this Perspective describes living matter from a physical perspective, highlighting experimental and theoretical physics techniques relevant for such systems, it is also meant to serve as a solid starting point for researchers in the life sciences interested in the implementation of biophysical methods.}, language = {en} } @article{HagbergCeleminIrisarrietal.2022, author = {Hagberg, Linda and Celemin, Enrique and Irisarri, Iker and Hawlitschek, Oliver and Bella, Jose L. and Mott, Tami and Pereira, Ricardo J.}, title = {Extensive introgression at late stages of species formation}, series = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {31}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0962-1083}, doi = {10.1111/mec.16406}, pages = {2384 -- 2399}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The process of species formation is characterized by the accumulation of multiple reproductive barriers. The evolution of hybrid male sterility, or Haldane's rule, typically characterizes later stages of species formation, when reproductive isolation is strongest. Yet, understanding how quickly reproductive barriers evolve and their consequences for maintaining genetic boundaries between emerging species remains a challenging task because it requires studying taxa that hybridize in nature. Here, we address these questions using the meadow grasshopper Pseudochorthippus parallelus, where populations that show multiple reproductive barriers, including hybrid male sterility, hybridize in two natural hybrid zones. Using mitochondrial data, we infer that such populations diverged some 100,000 years ago, at the beginning of the last glacial cycle in Europe. Nuclear data show that contractions at multiple glacial refugia, and post-glacial expansions have facilitated genetic differentiation between lineages that today interact in hybrid zones. We find extensive introgression throughout the sampled species range, irrespective of the current strength of reproductive isolation. Populations exhibiting hybrid male sterility in two hybrid zones show repeatable patterns of genomic differentiation, consistent with shared genomic constraints affecting ancestral divergence or with the role of those regions in reproductive isolation. Together, our results suggest that reproductive barriers that characterize late stages of species formation can evolve relatively quickly, particularly when associated with strong demographic changes. Moreover, we show that such barriers persist in the face of extensive gene flow, allowing future studies to identify associated genomic regions.}, language = {en} } @article{ArboledaZapataAngelopoulosOverduinetal.2022, author = {Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio and Angelopoulos, Michael and Overduin, Pier Paul and Grosse, Guido and Jones, Benjamin M. and Tronicke, Jens}, title = {Exploring the capabilities of electrical resistivity tomography to study subsea permafrost}, series = {The Cryosphere}, volume = {16}, journal = {The Cryosphere}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, issn = {1994-0424}, doi = {10.5194/tc-16-4423-2022}, pages = {4423 -- 4445}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Sea level rise and coastal erosion have inundated large areas of Arctic permafrost. Submergence by warm and saline waters increases the rate of inundated permafrost thaw compared to sub-aerial thawing on land. Studying the contact between the unfrozen and frozen sediments below the seabed, also known as the ice-bearing permafrost table (IBPT), provides valuable information to understand the evolution of sub-aquatic permafrost, which is key to improving and understanding coastal erosion prediction models and potential greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we use data from 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) collected in the nearshore coastal zone of two Arctic regions that differ in their environmental conditions (e.g., seawater depth and resistivity) to image and study the subsea permafrost. The inversion of 2D ERT data sets is commonly performed using deterministic approaches that favor smoothed solutions, which are typically interpreted using a user-specified resistivity threshold to identify the IBPT position. In contrast, to target the IBPT position directly during inversion, we use a layer-based model parameterization and a global optimization approach to invert our ERT data. This approach results in ensembles of layered 2D model solutions, which we use to identify the IBPT and estimate the resistivity of the unfrozen and frozen sediments, including estimates of uncertainties. Additionally, we globally invert 1D synthetic resistivity data and perform sensitivity analyses to study, in a simpler way, the correlations and influences of our model parameters. The set of methods provided in this study may help to further exploit ERT data collected in such permafrost environments as well as for the design of future field experiments.}, language = {en} } @article{MalacrinoAbdelfattahBergetal.2022, author = {Malacrin{\`o}, Antonino and Abdelfattah, Ahmed and Berg, Gabriele and Benitez, Maria-Soledad and Bennett, Alison E. and B{\"o}ttner, Laura and Xu, Shuqing and Schena, Leonardo}, title = {Exploring microbiomes for plant disease management}, series = {Biological control : theory and application in pest management}, volume = {169}, journal = {Biological control : theory and application in pest management}, publisher = {Academic Press}, address = {San Diego, Calif.}, issn = {1049-9644}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.104890}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Microbiome science is revolutionizing many concepts of plant biology, ecology, and evolution. Understanding plant microbiomes is key to developing solutions that protect crop health without impacting the environment. In this perspective article, we highlight the importance of both the structure and functions of plant-associated microbial communities in protecting their host from pathogens. These new findings have a high potential to aid biocontrol programs and to replace traditional chemical products, guiding the transition towards a sustainable production.}, language = {en} } @article{StachanowNeumannBlankensteinetal.2022, author = {Stachanow, Viktoria and Neumann, Uta and Blankenstein, Oliver and Bindellini, Davide and Melin, Johanna and Ross, Richard and Whitaker, Martin J. J. and Huisinga, Wilhelm and Michelet, Robin and Kloft, Charlotte}, title = {Exploring dried blood spot cortisol concentrations as an alternative for monitoring pediatric adrenal insufficiency patients}, series = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1663-9812}, doi = {10.3389/fphar.2022.819590}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common form of adrenal insufficiency in childhood; it requires cortisol replacement therapy with hydrocortisone (HC, synthetic cortisol) from birth and therapy monitoring for successful treatment. In children, the less invasive dried blood spot (DBS) sampling with whole blood including red blood cells (RBCs) provides an advantageous alternative to plasma sampling. Potential differences in binding/association processes between plasma and DBS however need to be considered to correctly interpret DBS measurements for therapy monitoring. While capillary DBS samples would be used in clinical practice, venous cortisol DBS samples from children with adrenal insufficiency were analyzed due to data availability and to directly compare and thus understand potential differences between venous DBS and plasma. A previously published HC plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) model was extended by leveraging these DBS concentrations. In addition to previously characterized binding of cortisol to albumin (linear process) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG; saturable process), DBS data enabled the characterization of a linear cortisol association with RBCs, and thereby providing a quantitative link between DBS and plasma cortisol concentrations. The ratio between the observed cortisol plasma and DBS concentrations varies highly from 2 to 8. Deterministic simulations of the different cortisol binding/association fractions demonstrated that with higher blood cortisol concentrations, saturation of cortisol binding to CBG was observed, leading to an increase in all other cortisol binding fractions. In conclusion, a mathematical PK model was developed which links DBS measurements to plasma exposure and thus allows for quantitative interpretation of measurements of DBS samples.}, language = {en} } @article{TjadenHaarmannSavaskan2022, author = {Tjaden, Jasper and Haarmann, Esther and Savaskan, Nicolai}, title = {Experimental evidence on improving COVID-19 vaccine outreach among migrant communities on social media}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-20340-2}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Studies from several countries suggest that COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower among migrants compared to the general population. Urgent calls have been made to improve vaccine outreach to migrants, however, there is limited evidence on effective approaches, especially using social media. We assessed a targeted, low-cost, Facebook campaign disseminating COVID-19 vaccine information among Arabic, Turkish and Russian speakers in Germany (N = 888,994). As part of the campaign, we conducted two randomized, online experiments to assess the impact of the advertisement (1) language and (2) depicted messenger (government authority, religious leader, doctor or family). Key outcomes included reach, click-through rates, conversion rates and cost-effectiveness. Within 29 days, the campaign reached 890 thousand Facebook users. On average, 2.3 individuals accessed the advertised COVID-19 vaccination appointment tool for every euro spent on the campaign. Migrants were 2.4 (Arabic), 1.8 (Russian) and 1.2 (Turkish) times more likely to click on advertisements translated to their native language compared to German-language advertisements. Furthermore, findings showed that government representatives can be more successful in engaging migrants online compared to other messengers, despite common claims of lower trust in government institutions among migrants. This study highlights the potential of tailored, and translated, vaccination campaigns on social media for reaching migrants who may be left out by traditional media campaigns.}, language = {en} } @article{MayerPicconiRobinsonetal.2022, author = {Mayer, Dennis and Picconi, David and Robinson, Matthew S. and G{\"u}hr, Markus}, title = {Experimental and theoretical gas-phase absorption spectra of thionated uracils}, series = {Chemical physics : a journal devoted to experimental and theoretical research involving problems of both a chemical and physical nature}, volume = {558}, journal = {Chemical physics : a journal devoted to experimental and theoretical research involving problems of both a chemical and physical nature}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0301-0104}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111500}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present a comparative study of the gas-phase UV spectra of uracil and its thionated counterparts (2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil and 2,4-dithiouracil), closely supported by time-dependent density functional theory calculations to assign the transitions observed. We systematically discuss pure gas-phase spectra for the (thio)uracils in the range of 200-400 nm (similar to 3.2-6.4 eV), and examine the spectra of all four species with a single theoretical approach. We note that specific vibrational modelling is needed to accurately determine the spectra across the examined wavelength range, and systematically model the transitions that appear at wavelengths shorter than 250 nm. Additionally, we find in the cases of 2-thiouracil and 2,4-dithiouracil, that the gas-phase spectra deviate significantly from some previously published solution-phase spectra, especially those collected in basic environments.}, language = {en} } @article{PohankovaHlavinkaKersebaumetal.2022, author = {Pohankov{\´a}, Eva and Hlavinka, Petr and Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian and Rodr{\´i}guez, Alfredo and Balek, Jan and Bednař{\´i}k, Martin and Dubrovsk{\´y}, Martin and Gobin, Anne and Hoogenboom, Gerrit and Moriondo, Marco and Nendel, Claas and Olesen, J{\o}rgen E. E. and R{\"o}tter, Reimund Paul and Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita and Shelia, Vakhtang and Stella, Tommaso and Hoffmann, Munir Paul and Tak{\´a}č, Jozef and Eitzinger, Josef and Dibari, Camilla and Ferrise, Roberto and Bl{\´a}hov{\´a}, Monika and Trnka, Miroslav}, title = {Expected effects of climate change on the production and water use of crop rotation management reproduced by crop model ensemble for Czech Republic sites}, series = {European journal of agronomy}, volume = {134}, journal = {European journal of agronomy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1161-0301}, doi = {10.1016/j.eja.2021.126446}, pages = {27}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Crop rotation, fertilization and residue management affect the water balance and crop production and can lead to different sensitivities to climate change. To assess the impacts of climate change on crop rotations (CRs), the crop model ensemble (APSIM,AQUACROP, CROPSYST, DAISY, DSSAT, HERMES, MONICA) was used. The yields and water balance of two CRs with the same set of crops (winter wheat, silage maize, spring barley and winter rape) in a continuous transient run from 1961 to 2080 were simulated. CR1 was without cover crops and without manure application. Straw after the harvest was exported from the fields. CR2 included cover crops, manure application and crop residue retention left on field. Simulations were performed using two soil types (Chernozem, Cambisol) within three sites in the Czech Republic, which represent temperature and precipitation gradients for crops in Central Europe. For the description of future climatic conditions, seven climate scenarios were used. Six of them had increasing CO \& nbsp;concentrations according RCP 8.5, one had no CO2 increase in the future. The output of an ensemble expected higher productivity by 0.82 t/ha/year and 2.04 t/ha/year for yields and aboveground biomass in the future (2051-2080). However, if the direct effect of a CO2 increase is not considered, the average yields for lowlands will be lower. Compared to CR1, CR2 showed higher average yields of 1.26 t/ha/year for current climatic conditions and 1.41 t/ha/year for future climatic conditions. For the majority of climate change scenarios, the crop model ensemble agrees on the projected yield increase in C3 crops in the future for CR2 but not for CR1. Higher agreement for future yield increases was found for Chernozem, while for Cambisol, lower yields under dry climate scenarios are expected. For silage maize, changes in simulated yields depend on locality. If the same hybrid will be used in the future, then yield reductions should be expected within lower altitudes. The results indicate the potential for higher biomass production from cover crops, but CR2 is associated with almost 120 mm higher evapotranspiration compared to that of CR1 over a 5-year cycle for lowland stations in the future, which in the case of the rainfed agriculture could affect the long-term soil water balance. This could affect groundwater replenishment, especially for locations with fine textured soils, although the findings of this study highlight the potential for the soil water-holding capacity to buffer against the adverse weather conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{GotznerSpalek2022, author = {Gotzner, Nicole and Spalek, Katharina}, title = {Expectations about upcoming discourse referents}, series = {International review of pragmatics : IRP}, volume = {14}, journal = {International review of pragmatics : IRP}, number = {1}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {1877-3095}, doi = {10.1163/18773109-01401003}, pages = {77 -- 94}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In the current study, we explore how different information-structural devices affect which referents conversational partners expect in the upcoming discourse. Our main research question is how pitch accents (H*, L+H*) and focus particles (German nur `only' and auch 'also') affect speakers' choices to mention focused referents, previously mentioned alternatives or new, inferable alternatives. Participants in our experiment were presented with short discourses involving two referents and were asked to orally produce two sentences that continue the story. An analysis of speakers' continuations showed that participants were most likely to mention a contextual alternative in the condition with only and the L+H* conditions, followed by H* conditions. In the condition with also, in turn, participants mentioned both the focused/accented referent and the contextual alternative. Our findings highlight the importance of information structure for discourse management and suggest that speakers take activated alternatives to be relevant for an unfolding discourse.}, language = {en} } @article{FosterPoppenhaegerIlićPetkovićetal.2022, author = {Foster, Mary Grace and Poppenh{\"a}ger, Katja and Ilić Petković, Nikoleta and Schwope, Axel}, title = {Exoplanet X-ray irradiation and evaporation rates with eROSITA}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {661}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202141097}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {High-energy irradiation is a driver for atmospheric evaporation and mass loss in exoplanets. This work is based on data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument on board the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma mission, as well as on archival data from other missions. We aim to characterise the high-energy environment of known exoplanets and estimate their mass-loss rates. We use X-ray source catalogues from eROSITA, XMM-Newton, Chandra, and ROSAT to derive X-ray luminosities of exoplanet host stars in the 0.2-2 keV energy band with an underlying coronal, that is, optically thin thermal spectrum. We present a catalogue of stellar X-ray and EUV luminosities, exoplanetary X-ray and EUV irradiation fluxes, and estimated mass-loss rates for a total of 287 exoplanets, 96 of which are characterised for the first time based on new eROSITA detections. We identify 14 first-time X-ray detections of transiting exoplanets that are subject to irradiation levels known to cause observable evaporation signatures in other exoplanets. This makes them suitable targets for follow-up observations.}, language = {en} } @article{ChatterjeeStavrakasOreggionietal.2022, author = {Chatterjee, Souran and Stavrakas, Vassilis and Oreggioni, Gabriel and S{\"u}sser, Diana and Staffell, Iain and Lilliestam, Johan and Molnar, Gergely and Flamos, Alexandros and {\"U}rge-Vorsatz, Diana}, title = {Existing tools, user needs and required model adjustments for energy demand modelling of a carbon-neutral Europe}, series = {Energy research \& social science}, volume = {90}, journal = {Energy research \& social science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2214-6296}, doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2022.102662}, pages = {20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {To achieve the European Union's target for climate neutrality by 2050 reduced energy demand will make the transition process faster and cheaper. The role of policies that support energy efficiency measures and demand-side management practices will be critical and to ensure that energy demand models are relevant to policymakers and other end-users, understanding how to further improve the models and whether they are tailored to user needs to support efficient decision-making processes is crucial. So far though, no scientific studies have examined the key user needs for energy demand modelling in the context of the climate neutrality targets. In this article we address this gap using a multi-method approach based on empirical and desk research. Through survey and stakeholder meetings and workshops we identify user needs of different stakeholder groups, and we highlight the direction in which energy demand models need to be improved to be relevant to their users. Through a detailed review of existing energy demand models, we provide a full understanding of the key characteristics and capabilities of existing tools, and we identify their limitations and gaps. Our findings show that classical demand-related questions remain important to model users, while most of the existing models can answer these questions. Furthermore, we show that some of the user needs related to sectoral demand modelling, dictated by the latest policy developments, are under-researched and are not addressed by existing tools.}, language = {en} } @article{LiuRuotsalainenBaueretal.2022, author = {Liu, Chun-Yu and Ruotsalainen, Kari and Bauer, Karl and Decker, R{\´e}gis and Pietzsch, Annette and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander}, title = {Excited-state exchange interaction in NiO determined by high-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Ni M2,3 edges}, series = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, volume = {106}, journal = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {Ridge, NY}, issn = {2469-9950}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.106.035104}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The electronic and magnetic excitations of bulk NiO have been determined using the 3A2g to 3T2g crystal-field transition at the Ni M2,3 edges with resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at 66.3- and 67.9-eV photon energies and 33-meV spectral resolution. Unambiguous assignment of the high-energy side of this state to a spin-flip satellite is achieved. We extract an effective exchange field of 89±4 meV in the 3T2g excited final state from empirical two-peak spin-flip model. The experimental data is found consistent with crystal-field model calculations using exchange fields of 60-100 meV. Full agreement with crystal-field multiplet calculations is achieved for the incident photon energy dependence of line shapes. The lower exchange parameter in the excited state as compared to the ground-state value of 120 meV is discussed in terms of the modification of the orbital occupancy (electronic effects) and of the structural dynamics: (A) With pure electronic effects, the lower exchange energy is attributed to the reduction in effective hopping integral. (B) With no electronic effects, we use the S = 1 Heisenberg model of antiferromagnetism to derive a second-nearest-neighbor exchange constant J2 = 14.8±0.6 meV. Based on the linear correlation between J2 and the lattice parameter from pressure-dependent experiments, an upper limit of 2\% local Ni-O bond elongation during the femtosecond scattering duration is derived.}, language = {en} } @article{MunnesHarschKnoblochetal.2022, author = {Munnes, Stefan and Harsch, Corinna and Knobloch, Marcel and Vogel, Johannes S. and Hipp, Lena and Schilling, Erik}, title = {Examining Sentiment in Complex Texts. A Comparison of Different Computational Approaches}, series = {Frontiers in Big Data}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Big Data}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2624-909X}, doi = {10.3389/fdata.2022.886362}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Can we rely on computational methods to accurately analyze complex texts? To answer this question, we compared different dictionary and scaling methods used in predicting the sentiment of German literature reviews to the "gold standard " of human-coded sentiments. Literature reviews constitute a challenging text corpus for computational analysis as they not only contain different text levels-for example, a summary of the work and the reviewer's appraisal-but are also characterized by subtle and ambiguous language elements. To take the nuanced sentiments of literature reviews into account, we worked with a metric rather than a dichotomous scale for sentiment analysis. The results of our analyses show that the predicted sentiments of prefabricated dictionaries, which are computationally efficient and require minimal adaption, have a low to medium correlation with the human-coded sentiments (r between 0.32 and 0.39). The accuracy of self-created dictionaries using word embeddings (both pre-trained and self-trained) was considerably lower (r between 0.10 and 0.28). Given the high coding intensity and contingency on seed selection as well as the degree of data pre-processing of word embeddings that we found with our data, we would not recommend them for complex texts without further adaptation. While fully automated approaches appear not to work in accurately predicting text sentiments with complex texts such as ours, we found relatively high correlations with a semiautomated approach (r of around 0.6)-which, however, requires intensive human coding efforts for the training dataset. In addition to illustrating the benefits and limits of computational approaches in analyzing complex text corpora and the potential of metric rather than binary scales of text sentiment, we also provide a practical guide for researchers to select an appropriate method and degree of pre-processing when working with complex texts.}, language = {en} } @article{CestnikPikovskij2022, author = {Cestnik, Rok and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Exact finite-dimensional reduction for a population of noisy oscillators and its link to Ott-Antonsen and Watanabe-Strogatz theories}, series = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, volume = {32}, journal = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, number = {11}, publisher = {AIP}, address = {Melville}, issn = {1054-1500}, doi = {10.1063/5.0106171}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Populations of globally coupled phase oscillators are described in the thermodynamic limit by kinetic equations for the distribution densities or, equivalently, by infinite hierarchies of equations for the order parameters. Ott and Antonsen [Chaos 18, 037113 (2008)] have found an invariant finite-dimensional subspace on which the dynamics is described by one complex variable per population. For oscillators with Cauchy distributed frequencies or for those driven by Cauchy white noise, this subspace is weakly stable and, thus, describes the asymptotic dynamics. Here, we report on an exact finite-dimensional reduction of the dynamics outside of the Ott-Antonsen subspace. We show that the evolution from generic initial states can be reduced to that of three complex variables, plus a constant function. For identical noise-free oscillators, this reduction corresponds to the Watanabe-Strogatz system of equations [Watanabe and Strogatz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2391 (1993)]. We discuss how the reduced system can be used to explore the transient dynamics of perturbed ensembles. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.}, language = {en} } @article{HilgersHartmannPfaenderetal.2022, author = {Hilgers, Leon and Hartmann, Stefanie and Pfaender, Jobst and Lentge-Maass, Nora and Marwoto, Ristiyanti M. and von Rintelen, Thomas and Hofreiter, Michael}, title = {Evolutionary divergence and radula diversification in two ecomorphs from an adaptive radiation of freshwater snails}, series = {Genes}, volume = {13}, journal = {Genes}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4425}, doi = {10.3390/genes13061029}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {(1) Background: Adaptive diversification of complex traits plays a pivotal role in the evolution of organismal diversity. In the freshwater snail genus Tylomelania, adaptive radiations were likely promoted by trophic specialization via diversification of their key foraging organ, the radula. (2) Methods: To investigate the molecular basis of radula diversification and its contribution to lineage divergence, we used tissue-specific transcriptomes of two sympatric Tylomelania sarasinorum ecomorphs. (3) Results: We show that ecomorphs are genetically divergent lineages with habitat-correlated abundances. Sequence divergence and the proportion of highly differentially expressed genes are significantly higher between radula transcriptomes compared to the mantle and foot. However, the same is not true when all differentially expressed genes or only non-synonymous SNPs are considered. Finally, putative homologs of some candidate genes for radula diversification (hh, arx, gbb) were also found to contribute to trophic specialization in cichlids and Darwin's finches. (4) Conclusions: Our results are in line with diversifying selection on the radula driving Tylomelania ecomorph divergence and indicate that some molecular pathways may be especially prone to adaptive diversification, even across phylogenetically distant animal groups.}, language = {en} } @article{EhrlichThygesenKiorboe2022, author = {Ehrlich, Elias and Thygesen, Uffe H{\o}gsbro and Ki{\o}rboe, Thomas}, title = {Evolution of toxins as a public good in phytoplankton}, series = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {289}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1977}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.0393}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Toxic phytoplankton blooms have increased in many waterbodies worldwide with well-known negative impacts on human health, fisheries and ecosystems. However, why and how phytoplankton evolved toxin production is still a puzzling question, given that the producer that pays the costs often shares the benefit with other competing algae and thus provides toxins as a 'public good' (e.g. damaging a common competitor or predator). Furthermore, blooming phytoplankton species often show a high intraspecific variation in toxicity and we lack an understanding of what drives the dynamics of coexisting toxic and non-toxic genotypes. Here, by using an individual-based two-dimensional model, we show that small-scale patchiness of phytoplankton strains caused by demography can explain toxin evolution in phytoplankton with low motility and the maintenance of genetic diversity within their blooms. This patchiness vanishes for phytoplankton with high diffusive motility, suggesting different evolutionary pathways for different phytoplankton groups. In conclusion, our study reveals that small-scale spatial heterogeneity, generated by cell division and counteracted by diffusive cell motility and turbulence, can crucially affect toxin evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics in toxic phytoplankton species. This contributes to a better understanding of conditions favouring toxin production and the evolution of public goods in asexually reproducing organisms in general.}, language = {en} } @article{NeuharthBruneWronaetal.2022, author = {Neuharth, Derek and Brune, Sascha and Wrona, Thilo and Glerum, Anne and Braun, Jean and Yuan, Xiaoping}, title = {Evolution of rift systems and their fault networks in response to surface processes}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {41}, journal = {Tectonics}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1029/2021TC007166}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Continental rifting is responsible for the generation of major sedimentary basins, both during rift inception and during the formation of rifted continental margins. Geophysical and field studies revealed that rifts feature complex networks of normal faults but the factors controlling fault network properties and their evolution are still matter of debate. Here, we employ high-resolution 2D geodynamic models (ASPECT) including two-way coupling to a surface processes (SP) code (FastScape) to conduct 12 models of major rift types that are exposed to various degrees of erosion and sedimentation. We further present a novel quantitative fault analysis toolbox (Fatbox), which allows us to isolate fault growth patterns, the number of faults, and their length and displacement throughout rift history. Our analysis reveals that rift fault networks may evolve through five major phases: (a) distributed deformation and coalescence, (b) fault system growth, (c) fault system decline and basinward localization, (d) rift migration, and (e) breakup. These phases can be correlated to distinct rifted margin domains. Models of asymmetric rifting suggest rift migration is facilitated through both ductile and brittle deformation within a weak exhumation channel that rotates subhorizontally and remains active at low angles. In sedimentation-starved settings, this channel satisfies the conditions for serpentinization. We find that SP are not only able to enhance strain localization and to increase fault longevity but that they also reduce the total length of the fault system, prolong rift phases and delay continental breakup.}, language = {en} } @article{ToumoulinTardifBecquetDonnadieuetal.2022, author = {Toumoulin, Agathe and Tardif-Becquet, Delphine and Donnadieu, Yannick and Licht, Alexis and Ladant, Jean-Baptiste and Kunzmann, Lutz and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume}, title = {Evolution of continental temperature seasonality from the Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene icehouse}, series = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, volume = {18}, journal = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, number = {2}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1814-9324}, doi = {10.5194/cp-18-341-2022}, pages = {341 -- 362}, year = {2022}, abstract = {At the junction of greenhouse and icehouse climate states, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) is a key moment in Cenozoic climate history. While it is associated with severe extinctions and biodiversity turnovers on land, the role of terrestrial climate evolution remains poorly resolved, especially the associated changes in seasonality. Some paleobotanical and geochemical continental records in parts of the Northern Hemisphere suggest the EOT is associated with a marked cooling in winter, leading to the development of more pronounced seasons (i.e., an increase in the mean annual range of temperature, MATR). However, the MATR increase has been barely studied by climate models and large uncertainties remain on its origin, geographical extent and impact. In order to better understand and describe temperature seasonality changes between the middle Eocene and the early Oligocene, we use the Earth system model IPSL-CM5A2 and a set of simulations reconstructing the EOT through three major climate forcings: pCO(2) decrease (1120, 840 and 560 ppm), the Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) formation and the associated sea-level decrease. Our simulations suggest that pCO(2) lowering alone is not sufficient to explain the seasonality evolution described by the data through the EOT but rather that the combined effects of pCO(2) , AIS formation and increased continentality provide the best data-model agreement.pCO(2) decrease induces a zonal pattern with alternating increasing and decreasing seasonality bands particularly strong in the northern high latitudes (up to 8 degrees C MATR increase) due to sea-ice and surface albedo feedback. Conversely, the onset of the AIS is responsible for a more constant surface albedo yearly, which leads to a strong decrease in seasonality in the southern midlatitudes to high latitudes (> 40 degrees S). Finally, continental areas that emerged due to the sea-level lowering cause the largest increase in seasonality and explain most of the global heterogeneity in MATR changes (1MATR) patterns. The Delta MATR patterns we reconstruct are generally consistent with the variability of the EOT biotic crisis intensity across the Northern Hemisphere and provide insights on their underlying mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{SchifferleLobanov2022, author = {Schifferle, Lukas and Lobanov, Sergey S.}, title = {Evolution of chemical bonding and spin-pairing energy in ferropericlase across Its spin transition}, series = {ACS Earth and Space Chemistry}, volume = {6}, journal = {ACS Earth and Space Chemistry}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2472-3452}, doi = {10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00014}, pages = {788 -- 799}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The evolution of chemical bonding in ferropericlase, (Mg,Fe)O, with pressure may affect the physical and chemical properties of the Earth's lower mantle. Here, we report high-pressure optical absorption spectra of single-crystalline ferropericlase ((Mg0.87Fe0.13)O) up to 135 GPa. Combined with a re-evaluation of published partial fluorescence yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, we show that the covalency of the Fe-O bond increases with pressure, but the iron spin transition at 57-76.5 GPa reverses this trend. The qualitative crossover in chemical bonding suggests that the spin-pairing transition weakens the Fe-O bond in ferropericlase. We find, that the spin transition in ferropericlase is caused by both the increase of the ligand field-splitting energy and the decrease in the spin-pairing energy of high-spin Fe2+.}, language = {en} } @article{NiemeyerLorbeerMohretal.2022, author = {Niemeyer, Helen and Lorbeer, Noemi and Mohr, Jil and Baer, Ella and Knaevelsrud, Christine}, title = {Evidence-based individual psychotherapy for complex posttraumatic stress disorder and at-risk groups for complex traumatization}, series = {Journal of affective disorders : an official publication of the International Society for Affective Disorders, ISAD}, volume = {299}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders : an official publication of the International Society for Affective Disorders, ISAD}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.056}, pages = {610 -- 619}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: The current meta-review of meta-analyses on psychotherapy research for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and samples at risk of complex traumatization has three aims: first, to provide an overview of efficacy of individual psychotherapies; second, to compare the quality of the meta-analyses; and third, to assess statistical power. Methods: The literature search was conducted until August 2020. Meta-analyses providing individual treatment effect estimates focusing on CPTSD or samples at risk of complex traumatization (i.e., victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), war or torture, refugees, and veterans with PTSD) were eligible for inclusion. The effect sizes were classified according to Cohen as small, medium, or large. The "A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews" (AMSTAR) was applied to assess the quality of the meta-analyses, and power was assessed post-hoc. Results: Twenty-four meta-analyses were suitable for inclusion. The efficacy of the interventions varied (g = -0.04 (CI -0.39; 0.48), controlled, to d = 2.73 (1.69; 3.76), uncontrolled). Overall, 16 effect estimates were large. On average, the quality of the meta-analyses was good (average AMSTAR total score 7.71 points (range 3-11). Considering quality assessments and power together, nine meta-analyses were evaluated as high quality. Limitations: No meta-analysis for CPTSD was eligible and the number of individuals with complex traumatization was not directly assessed in the at-risk groups. Conclusions: For at-risk groups for complex traumatization, on average, good-quality empirical evidence exists. Given the limited research on CPTSD, future studies are needed to further investigate the efficacy of interventions.}, language = {en} } @article{HermanussenScheffler2022, author = {Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {Evidence of chronic undernutrition in late 19th century German infants of all social classes}, series = {Human biology and public health}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Human biology and public health}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2748-9957}, doi = {10.52905/hbph2022.2.42}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {125 years ago, European infants grew differently from modern infants. We show weight gains of 20 healthy children weighed longitudinally from birth to age 1 year, published by Camerer in 1882. The data illustrate the historically prevalent concepts of infant nutrition practiced by German civil servants, lawyers, merchants, university professors, physicians, foresters and farmers. Breastfeeding by the mother was not truly appreciated in those days; children were often breastfed by wet nurses or received bottled milk. Bottle feeding mainly used diluted cow's milk with some added carbohydrates, without evidence that appropriate amounts of oil, butter or other fatty components were added. French children from 1914 showed similar weight gain patterns suggesting similar feeding practices. The historical data suggest that energy deficient infant formula was fed regularly in the late 19th and early 20th century Europe, regardless of wealth and social class. The data question current concerns that temporarily feeding energy deficient infant formula may warrant serious anxieties regarding long-term cognitive, social and emotional behavioral development.}, language = {en} } @article{GiraudierVenturaBortBurgeretal.2022, author = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Burger, Andreas M. and Claes, Nathalie and D'Agostini, Martina and Fischer, Rico and Franssen, Mathijs and Kaess, Michael and Koenig, Julian and Liepelt, Roman and Nieuwenhuis, Sander and Sommer, Aldo and Usichenko, Taras and Van Diest, Ilse and von Leupoldt, Andreas and Warren, Christopher Michael and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Evidence for a modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on salivary alpha-amylase as indirect noradrenergic marker: A pooled mega-analysis}, series = {Brain Stimulation}, volume = {15}, journal = {Brain Stimulation}, edition = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, issn = {1876-4754}, doi = {10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.009}, pages = {1378 -- 1388}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet. Methods The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release. Results While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity. Conclusion(s) Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.}, language = {en} } @article{MacdonaldMerzGuseetal.2022, author = {Macdonald, Elena and Merz, Bruno and Guse, Bj{\"o}rn and Wietzke, Luzie and Ullrich, Sophie and Kemter, Matthias and Ahrens, Bodo and Vorogushyn, Sergiy}, title = {Event and catchment controls of heavy tail behavior of floods}, series = {Water resources research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Water resources research}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0043-1397}, doi = {10.1029/2021WR031260}, pages = {25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In some catchments, the distribution of annual maximum streamflow shows heavy tail behavior, meaning the occurrence probability of extreme events is higher than if the upper tail decayed exponentially. Neglecting heavy tail behavior can lead to an underestimation of the likelihood of extreme floods and the associated risk. Partly contradictory results regarding the controls of heavy tail behavior exist in the literature and the knowledge is still very dispersed and limited. To better understand the drivers, we analyze the upper tail behavior and its controls for 480 catchments in Germany and Austria over a period of more than 50 years. The catchments span from quickly reacting mountain catchments to large lowland catchments, allowing for general conclusions. We compile a wide range of event and catchment characteristics and investigate their association with an indicator of the tail heaviness of flood distributions, namely the shape parameter of the GEV distribution. Following univariate analyses of these characteristics, along with an evaluation of different aggregations of event characteristics, multiple linear regression models, as well as random forests, are constructed. A novel slope indicator, which represents the relation between the return period of flood peaks and event characteristics, captures the controls of heavy tails best. Variables describing the catchment response are found to dominate the heavy tail behavior, followed by event precipitation, flood seasonality, and catchment size. The pre-event moisture state in a catchment has no relevant impact on the tail heaviness even though it does influence flood magnitudes.}, language = {en} } @article{YadavSenMaoetal.2022, author = {Yadav, Anshul and Sen, Sumit and Mao, Luca and Schwanghart, Wolfgang}, title = {Evaluation of flow resistance equations for high gradient rivers using geometric standard deviation of bed material}, series = {Journal of hydrology}, volume = {605}, journal = {Journal of hydrology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127292}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A dataset of 2184 field measurements reported in the literature was used to evaluate the predictive capability of eight conventional flow resistance equations to predict the mean flow velocity in gravel-bed rivers. The results reveal considerable disagreement with the observed flow velocities for relative submergence less than 4 and for the non-uniformity of the bed material greater than 7.5 for all the equations. However, the predictions made using the Smart and Jaggi (1983), Ferguson (2007), and Rickenmann and Recking (2011) equations were closer to the observed values. Furthermore, bedload sediment transport also reduces the predictive capability of the equations considered in this study except for the Recking et al. (2008) equation, which was developed consid- ering active bedload transport. The performance of flow resistance equations improves when corrected by considering the geometric standard deviation of the bed material. Here we present an empirical approach using the whole dataset and its subsets for accounting for the additional energy losses occurring due to the wake vortices, spill losses, and free surface instabilities occurring due to the protrusions from the bed. The results obtained using the validation dataset shows the importance and usefulness of this approach to account for the additional energy losses, especially for the Strickler (1923) and Keulegan (1938) equations.}, language = {en} } @article{WeineltStegemannTheloeetal.2022, author = {Weinelt, Ferdinand Anton and Stegemann, Miriam Songa and Theloe, Anja and Pf{\"a}fflin, Frieder and Achterberg, Stephan and Weber, Franz and D{\"u}bel, Lucas and Mikolajewska, Agata and Uhrig, Alexander and Kiessling, Peggy and Huisinga, Wilhelm and Michelet, Robin and Hennig, Stefanie and Kloft, Charlotte}, title = {Evaluation of a meropenem and piperacillin monitoring program in intensive care unit patients calls for the regular assessment of empirical targets and easy-to-use dosing decision tools}, series = {Antibiotics : open access journal}, volume = {11}, journal = {Antibiotics : open access journal}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-6382}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics11060758}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The drug concentrations targeted in meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam therapy also depend on the susceptibility of the pathogen. Yet, the pathogen is often unknown, and antibiotic therapy is guided by empirical targets. To reliably achieve the targeted concentrations, dosing needs to be adjusted for renal function. We aimed to evaluate a meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam monitoring program in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by assessing (i) the adequacy of locally selected empirical targets, (ii) if dosing is adequately adjusted for renal function and individual target, and (iii) if dosing is adjusted in target attainment (TA) failure. In a prospective, observational clinical trial of drug concentrations, relevant patient characteristics and microbiological data (pathogen, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) for patients receiving meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam treatment were collected. If the MIC value was available, a target range of 1-5 x MIC was selected for minimum drug concentrations of both drugs. If the MIC value was not available, 8-40 mg/L and 16-80 mg/L were selected as empirical target ranges for meropenem and piperacillin, respectively. A total of 356 meropenem and 216 piperacillin samples were collected from 108 and 96 ICU patients, respectively. The vast majority of observed MIC values was lower than the empirical target (meropenem: 90.0\%, piperacillin: 93.9\%), suggesting empirical target value reductions. TA was found to be low (meropenem: 35.7\%, piperacillin 50.5\%) with the lowest TA for severely impaired renal function (meropenem: 13.9\%, piperacillin: 29.2\%), and observed drug concentrations did not significantly differ between patients with different targets, indicating dosing was not adequately adjusted for renal function or target. Dosing adjustments were rare for both drugs (meropenem: 6.13\%, piperacillin: 4.78\%) and for meropenem irrespective of TA, revealing that concentration monitoring alone was insufficient to guide dosing adjustment. Empirical targets should regularly be assessed and adjusted based on local susceptibility data. To improve TA, scientific knowledge should be translated into easy-to-use dosing strategies guiding antibiotic dosing.}, language = {en} } @article{KunyuJuangMorenoHerrera2022, author = {Kunyu, David Khisoni and Juang, Linda P. and Moreno Herrera, L{\´a}zaro}, title = {Evaluating the implementation quality of a vocational education intervention for youth in Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya}, series = {Frontiers in human dynamics}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in human dynamics}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2673-2726}, doi = {10.3389/fhumd.2022.898081}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Refugee youth in protracted humanitarian contexts are faced with limited access to quality education. They may sustain traumatic experiences from conflicts and discrimination yet have limited psychosocial support access. Comprehending the magnitude and effects of these challenges is vital for designing and executing educational interventions in such contexts. This study evaluates the implementation quality of the Youth Education Pack intervention through the lens of the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies minimum standards framework. It explores the types of discrimination experienced by refugee youth in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya. Nine participants comprising refugee students (N = 2), former refugee students (N = 2), teachers (N = 3), and project supervisors (N = 2) participated in the study. The first author conducted interviews and observations in the camp. The data were qualitatively coded deductively and analysed in Nvivo 12. We found that the YEP intervention faced contextual challenges that hindered the achievement of the implementation quality standards outlined in the INEE minimum standards for education. Refugee youth and refugee teachers experienced various forms of discrimination, including at individual, institutional, and structural levels. We conclude that providing refugee youth with an inclusive and high-quality education is central to providing secure and long-term solutions to their challenges and adversities and may promote their psychosocial wellbeing.}, language = {en} } @article{KiangSteinJuang2022, author = {Kiang, Lisa and Stein, Gabriela L. and Juang, Linda P.}, title = {Ethnic and racial identity of immigrants and effects on mental health}, series = {Current Opinion in Psychology}, volume = {47}, journal = {Current Opinion in Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-250X}, doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101424}, pages = {6}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Robust research continues to broaden and deepen the field's understanding of immigrants' ethnic-racial identity and mental health. We highlight opportunities to pioneer the literature by questioning "who" is meant by immigrant (clearly defining generational status, going beyond covariate and difference -based approaches, focusing on immigrants from under-studied ethnic-racial backgrounds), "what" is meant by iden-tity (ethnic/heritage/native, conjoined with multiple identities such as national, regional, politicized), "where" experiences are taking place (globalization, differences in how immigrants are defined and viewed across contexts), and the "why" or importance of continuing this work (identity as resilience against mental health risks). Targeting under-researched in-tersections among the "who-what-where-why" can build knowledge and insight for researchers and practitioners who work with immigrant families, and perhaps for immigrants themselves.}, language = {en} } @article{WetzelKochPreiseretal.2022, author = {Wetzel, Anna-Jasmin and Koch, Roland and Preiser, Christine and M{\"u}ller, Regina and Klemmt, Malte and Ranisch, Robert and Ehni, Hans-J{\"o}rg and Wiesing, Urban and Rieger, Monika A. and Henking, Tanja and Joos, Stefanie}, title = {Ethical, legal, and social implications of symptom checker Apps in primary Health Care (CHECK.APP)}, series = {JMIR Research Protocols}, volume = {11}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocols}, number = {5}, publisher = {JMIR Research Protocols}, address = {Toronto}, issn = {1929-0748}, doi = {10.2196/34026}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Symptom checker apps (SCAs) are accessible tools that provide early symptom assessment for users. The ethical, legal, and social implications of SCAs and their impact on the patient-physician relationship, the health care providers, and the health care system have sparsely been examined. This study protocol describes an approach to investigate the possible impacts and implications of SCAs on different levels of health care provision. It considers the perspectives of the users, nonusers, general practitioners (GPs), and health care experts. Objective: We aim to assess a comprehensive overview of the use of SCAs and address problematic issues, if any. The primary outcomes of this study are empirically informed multi-perspective recommendations for different stakeholders on the ethical, legal, and social implications of SCAs. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used in several overlapping and interconnected study phases. In study phase 1, a comprehensive literature review will be conducted to assess the ethical, legal, social, and systemic impacts of SCAs. Study phase 2 comprises a survey that will be analyzed with a logistic regression. It aims to assess the user degree of SCAs in Germany as well as the predictors for SCA usage. Study phase 3 will investigate self-observational diaries and user interviews, which will be analyzed as integrated cases to assess user perspectives, usage pattern, and arising problems. Study phase 4 will comprise GP interviews to assess their experiences, perspectives, self-image, and concepts and will be analyzed with the basic procedure by Kruse. Moreover, interviews with health care experts will be conducted in study phase 3 and will be analyzed by using the reflexive thematical analysis approach of Braun and Clark. Results: Study phase 1 will be completed in November 2021. We expect the results of study phase 2 in December 2021 and February 2022. In study phase 3, interviews are currently being conducted. The final study endpoint will be in February 2023. Conclusions: The possible ethical, legal, social, and systemic impacts of a widespread use of SCAs that affect stakeholders and stakeholder groups on different levels of health care will be identified. The proposed methodological approach provides a multifaceted and diverse empirical basis for a broad discussion on these implications.}, language = {en} } @article{PaapeVasishth2022, author = {Paape, Dario and Vasishth, Shravan}, title = {Estimating the true cost of garden pathing:}, series = {Cognitive science}, volume = {46}, journal = {Cognitive science}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden, Mass.}, issn = {0364-0213}, doi = {10.1111/cogs.13186}, pages = {23}, year = {2022}, abstract = {What is the processing cost of being garden-pathed by a temporary syntactic ambiguity? We argue that comparing average reading times in garden-path versus non-garden-path sentences is not enough to answer this question. Trial-level contaminants such as inattention, the fact that garden pathing may occur non-deterministically in the ambiguous condition, and "triage" (rejecting the sentence without reanalysis; Fodor \& Inoue, 2000) lead to systematic underestimates of the true cost of garden pathing. Furthermore, the "pure" garden-path effect due to encountering an unexpected word needs to be separated from the additional cost of syntactic reanalysis. To get more realistic estimates for the individual processing costs of garden pathing and syntactic reanalysis, we implement a novel computational model that includes trial-level contaminants as probabilistically occurring latent cognitive processes. The model shows a good predictive fit to existing reading time and judgment data. Furthermore, the latent-process approach captures differences between noun phrase/zero complement (NP/Z) garden-path sentences and semantically biased reduced relative clause (RRC) garden-path sentences: The NP/Z garden path occurs nearly deterministically but can be mostly eliminated by adding a comma. By contrast, the RRC garden path occurs with a lower probability, but disambiguation via semantic plausibility is not always effective.}, language = {en} } @article{GhafarianWielandNendel2022, author = {Ghafarian, Fatemeh and Wieland, Ralf and Nendel, Claas}, title = {Estimating the Evaporative Cooling Effect of Irrigation within and above Soybean Canopy}, series = {Water}, volume = {14}, journal = {Water}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w14030319}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Vegetation with an adequate supply of water might contribute to cooling the land surface around it through the latent heat flux of transpiration. This study investigates the potential estimation of evaporative cooling at plot scale, using soybean as example. Some of the plants' physiological parameters were monitored and sampled at weekly intervals. A physics-based model was then applied to estimate the irrigation-induced cooling effect within and above the canopy during the middle and late season of the soybean growth period. We then examined the results of the temperature changes at a temporal resolution of ten minutes between every two irrigation rounds. During the middle and late season of growth, the cooling effects caused by evapotranspiration within and above the canopy were, on average, 4.4 K and 2.9 K, respectively. We used quality indicators such as R-squared (R-2) and mean absolute error (MAE) to evaluate the performance of the model simulation. The performance of the model in this study was better above the canopy (R-2 = 0.98, MAE = 0.3 K) than below (R-2 = 0.87, MAE = 0.9 K) due to the predefined thermodynamic condition used to estimate evaporative cooling. Moreover, the study revealed that canopy cooling contributes to mitigating heat stress conditions during the middle and late seasons of crop growth.}, language = {en} } @article{WangEnsslePietzneretal.2022, author = {Wang, Chaoxuan and Enssle, J{\"o}rg and Pietzner, Anne and Schm{\"o}cker, Christoph and Weiland, Linda and Ritter, Oliver and Jaensch, Monique and Elbelt, Ulf and Pagonas, Nikolaos and Weylandt, Karsten-Henrich}, title = {Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood from patients with and without catheter-proven coronary artery disease}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23020766}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Statins reduce morbidity and mortality of CAD. Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with CAD. Previous data indicate that a higher conversion of precursor fatty acids (FAs) to arachidonic acid (AA) is associated with increased CAD prevalence. Our study explored the FA composition in blood to assess n-3 PUFA levels from patients with and without CAD. We analyzed blood samples from 273 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Patients were stratified according to clinically relevant CAD (n = 192) and those without (n = 81). FA analysis in full blood was performed by gas chromatography. Indicating increased formation of AA from precursors, the ratio of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) to AA, the delta-5 desaturase index (D5D index) was higher in CAD patients. CAD patients had significantly lower levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (n-6 PUFA) and n-3 PUFA, particularly EPA, in the blood. Thus, our study supports a role of increased EPA levels for cardioprotection.}, language = {en} } @article{SudibyoEiblHainzletal.2022, author = {Sudibyo, Maria R. P. and Eibl, Eva P. S. and Hainzl, Sebastian and Hersir, Gylfi P{\´a}ll}, title = {Eruption Forecasting of Strokkur Geyser, Iceland, Using Permutation Entropy}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, volume = {127}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2022JB024840}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A volcanic eruption is usually preceded by seismic precursors, but their interpretation and use for forecasting the eruption onset time remain a challenge. A part of the eruptive processes in open conduits of volcanoes may be similar to those encountered in geysers. Since geysers erupt more often, they are useful sites for testing new forecasting methods. We tested the application of Permutation Entropy (PE) as a robust method to assess the complexity in seismic recordings of the Strokkur geyser, Iceland. Strokkur features several minute-long eruptive cycles, enabling us to verify in 63 recorded cycles whether PE behaves consistently from one eruption to the next one. We performed synthetic tests to understand the effect of different parameter settings in the PE calculation. Our application to Strokkur shows a distinct, repeating PE pattern consistent with previously identified phases in the eruptive cycle. We find a systematic increase in PE within the last 15 s before the eruption, indicating that an eruption will occur. We quantified the predictive power of PE, showing that PE performs better than seismic signal strength or quiescence when it comes to forecasting eruptions.}, language = {en} } @article{ConradUllrichSchmidtkeetal.2022, author = {Conrad, Markus and Ullrich, Susann and Schmidtke, David S. and Kotz, Sonja A.}, title = {ERPs reveal an iconic relation between sublexical phonology and affective meaning}, series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, volume = {226}, journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0277}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105182}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Classical linguistic theory assumes that formal aspects, like sound, are not internally related to the meaning of words. However, recent research suggests language might code affective meaning such as threat and alert sublexically. Positing affective phonological iconicity as a systematic organization principle of the German lexicon, we calculated sublexical affective values for sub-syllabic phonological word segments from a large-scale affective lexical German database by averaging valence and arousal ratings of all words any phonological segment appears in. We tested word stimuli with either consistent or inconsistent mappings between lexical affective meaning and sublexical affective values (negative-valence/high-arousal vs. neutral-valence/lowarousal) in an EEG visual-lexical-decision task. A mismatch between sublexical and lexical affective values elicited an increased N400 response. These results reveal that systematic affective phonological iconicity - extracted from the lexicon - impacts the extraction of lexical word meaning during reading.}, language = {en} } @article{FujiharaZhangJacksonetal.2022, author = {Fujihara, Kenji M. and Zhang, Bonnie Z. and Jackson, Thomas D. and Ogunkola, Moses and Nijagal, Brunda and Milne, Julia V. and Sallman, David A. and Ang, Ching-Seng and Nikolic, Iva and Kearney, Conor J. and Hogg, Simon J. and Cabalag, Carlos S. and Sutton, Vivien R. and Watt, Sally and Fujihara, Asuka T. and Trapani, Joseph A. and Simpson, Kaylene J. and Stojanovski, Diana and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Haupt, Sue and Phillips, Wayne A. and Clemons, Nicholas J.}, title = {Eprenetapopt triggers ferroptosis, inhibits NFS1 cysteine desulfurase, and synergizes with serine and glycine dietary restriction}, series = {Science Advances}, volume = {8}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {37}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2375-2548}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm9427}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The mechanism of action of eprenetapopt (APR-246, PRIMA-1MET) as an anticancer agent remains unresolved, al-though the clinical development of eprenetapopt focuses on its reported mechanism of action as a mutant-p53 reactivator. Using unbiased approaches, this study demonstrates that eprenetapopt depletes cellular antioxidant glutathione levels by increasing its turnover, triggering a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death known as ferroptosis. Deficiency in genes responsible for supplying cancer cells with the substrates for de novo glutathione synthesis (SLC7A11, SHMT2, and MTHFD1L), as well as the enzymes required to synthesize glutathione (GCLC and GCLM), augments the activity of eprenetapopt. Eprenetapopt also inhibits iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis by limit-ing the cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS1, which potentiates ferroptosis and may restrict cellular proliferation. The combination of eprenetapopt with dietary serine and glycine restriction synergizes to inhibit esophageal xenograft tumor growth. These findings reframe the canonical view of eprenetapopt from a mutant-p53 reactivator to a ferroptosis inducer.}, language = {en} } @article{GomezZapataPittoreCottonetal.2022, author = {Gomez-Zapata, Juan Camilo and Pittore, Massimiliano and Cotton, Fabrice and Lilienkamp, Henning and Shinde, Simantini and Aguirre, Paula and Santa Maria, Hernan}, title = {Epistemic uncertainty of probabilistic building exposure compositions in scenario-based earthquake loss models}, series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {20}, journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1570-761X}, doi = {10.1007/s10518-021-01312-9}, pages = {2401 -- 2438}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In seismic risk assessment, the sources of uncertainty associated with building exposure modelling have not received as much attention as other components related to hazard and vulnerability. Conventional practices such as assuming absolute portfolio compositions (i.e., proportions per building class) from expert-based assumptions over aggregated data crudely disregard the contribution of uncertainty of the exposure upon earthquake loss models. In this work, we introduce the concept that the degree of knowledge of a building stock can be described within a Bayesian probabilistic approach that integrates both expert-based prior distributions and data collection on individual buildings. We investigate the impact of the epistemic uncertainty in the portfolio composition on scenario-based earthquake loss models through an exposure-oriented logic tree arrangement based on synthetic building portfolios. For illustrative purposes, we consider the residential building stock of Valparaiso (Chile) subjected to seismic ground-shaking from one subduction earthquake. We have found that building class reconnaissance, either from prior assumptions by desktop studies with aggregated data (top-down approach), or from building-by-building data collection (bottom-up approach), plays a fundamental role in the statistical modelling of exposure. To model the vulnerability of such a heterogeneous building stock, we require that their associated set of structural fragility functions handle multiple spectral periods. Thereby, we also discuss the relevance and specific uncertainty upon generating either uncorrelated or spatially cross-correlated ground motion fields within this framework. We successively show how various epistemic uncertainties embedded within these probabilistic exposure models are differently propagated throughout the computed direct financial losses. This work calls for further efforts to redesign desktop exposure studies, while also highlighting the importance of exposure data collection with standardized and iterative approaches.}, language = {en} } @article{PerrellaBaeurlevanZanten2022, author = {Perrella, Giorgio and B{\"a}urle, Isabel and van Zanten, Martijn}, title = {Epigenetic regulation of thermomorphogenesis and heat stress tolerance}, series = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science}, volume = {234}, journal = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0028-646X}, doi = {10.1111/nph.17970}, pages = {1144 -- 1160}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Many environmental conditions fluctuate and organisms need to respond effectively. This is especially true for temperature cues that can change in minutes to seasons and often follow a diurnal rhythm. Plants cannot migrate and most cannot regulate their temperature. Therefore, a broad array of responses have evolved to deal with temperature cues from freezing to heat stress. A particular response to mildly elevated temperatures is called thermomorphogenesis, a suite of morphological adaptations that includes thermonasty, formation of thin leaves and elongation growth of petioles and hypocotyl. Thermomorphogenesis allows for optimal performance in suboptimal temperature conditions by enhancing the cooling capacity. When temperatures rise further, heat stress tolerance mechanisms can be induced that enable the plant to survive the stressful temperature, which typically comprises cellular protection mechanisms and memory thereof. Induction of thermomorphogenesis, heat stress tolerance and stress memory depend on gene expression regulation, governed by diverse epigenetic processes. In this Tansley review we update on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of heat stress tolerance and elevated temperature signalling and response, with a focus on thermomorphogenesis regulation and heat stress memory. In particular we highlight the emerging role of H3K4 methylation marks in diverse temperature signalling pathways.}, language = {en} } @article{SandbergAlnoorTiberius2022, author = {Sandberg, Helene and Alnoor, Alhamzah and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Environmental, social, and governance ratings and financial performance}, series = {Business strategy and the environment}, volume = {32}, journal = {Business strategy and the environment}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, issn = {0964-4733}, doi = {10.1002/bse.3259}, pages = {2471 -- 2489}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Long-term value creation is expected not only to be concerned with maximizing shareholder value but also includes the impact on other stakeholders and the environment. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues are therefore gaining increasing importance, in line with the growing demand for corporate sustainability. ESG ratings foster the comparison of companies with respect to their sustainable practices. This study aims to investigate how ESG ratings impact financial performance in the European food industry. Ordinary least squares regression is applied to analyze the relation between ESG ratings and financial performance over a 4-year period from 2017 to 2020. The profitability measures Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are employed as financial performance measures, while ESG ratings are obtained from the database CSRHub. Results show that higher ESG ratings are associated with better financial performance. Although the effect is modest in the present study, the findings support previous results that ESG ratings are positively related to financial performance. Nonetheless, they also highlight that ESG ratings strongly converge to the mean, which depicts the need to reassess whether ESG ratings are able to measure actual ESG behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{KolbeEvans2022, author = {Kolbe, Benedikt Maximilian and Evans, Myfanwy E.}, title = {Enumerating isotopy classes of tilings guided by the symmetry of triply}, series = {Siam journal on applied algebra and geometry}, volume = {6}, journal = {Siam journal on applied algebra and geometry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {2470-6566}, doi = {10.1137/20M1358943}, pages = {1 -- 40}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present a technique for the enumeration of all isotopically distinct ways of tiling a hyperbolic surface of finite genus, possibly nonorientable and with punctures and boundary. This generalizes the enumeration using Delaney--Dress combinatorial tiling theory of combinatorial classes of tilings to isotopy classes of tilings. To accomplish this, we derive an action of the mapping class group of the orbifold associated to the symmetry group of a tiling on the set of tilings. We explicitly give descriptions and presentations of semipure mapping class groups and of tilings as decorations on orbifolds. We apply this enumerative result to generate an array of isotopically distinct tilings of the hyperbolic plane with symmetries generated by rotations that are commensurate with the threedimensional symmetries of the primitive, diamond, and gyroid triply periodic minimal surfaces, which have relevance to a variety of physical systems.}, language = {en} } @article{TiberiusWeyland2022, author = {Tiberius, Victor and Weyland, Michael}, title = {Entrepreneurship education or entrepreneurship education?}, series = {Journal of further and higher education}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of further and higher education}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0309-877X}, doi = {10.1080/0309877X.2022.2100692}, pages = {134 -- 149}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Entrepreneurship education (EE) has attracted much scholarly attention, showing exponential growth in publication and citation numbers. The research field has become broad, complex, and fragmented, making it increasingly difficult to oversee. Our research goal is to organise and integrate the previous literature. To this end, we use bibliometric analyses, differing from prior analyses, which are outdated or have a different focus. Our results show an immense growth in publications and citations over the last decade and an almost equal involvement of business and educational research. We identify the most productive and influential journals and authors. Our co-citation analysis reveals two research clusters, one focusing on psychological constructs relating to EE, and the other on entrepreneurial behaviour and new venture creation. Based on a review of the 25 most-cited articles on an annual basis, we identify and quantify the most relevant research themes and integrate them into a research framework that we propose for future research. A major finding is that extant research centres around the outcomes of entrepreneurship education, whereas its pedagogy is still mainly a black box.}, language = {en} } @article{AlerasoulTiberiusBouncken2022, author = {Alerasoul, Sayed Alireza and Tiberius, Victor and Bouncken, Ricarda B.}, title = {Entrepreneurship and innovation}, series = {Journal of small business strategy}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of small business strategy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Middle Tennessee State University}, address = {Murfreesboro, TN}, issn = {1081-8510}, doi = {10.53703/001c.29968}, pages = {24}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Both entrepreneurship and innovation play a key role for business growth and economic development and are conceptually highly intertwined. Both fields have received extensive attention that has resulted in a large number of publications. The aim of this work is to provide an overview on the coevolution of entrepreneurship and innovation over the last decades, with particular attention to recent research trends. To track the evolution at the intersection of both fields, we employ a bibliometric analysis, which allowed us to identify the key concepts, the backbone of research, and to provide a systematic classification of main research themes diagnosed including: 1) entrepreneurial innovation and digital transformation, 2) sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship, 3) product innovation and knowledge, 4) entrepreneurial orientation and leadership, and 5) regional entrepreneurship and innovation (innovative entrepreneurship and historical roots). The findings of this bibliometric review are reported in the form of a knowledge graph that represents the results obtained in terms of the knowledge base (key terms), knowledge domains, and knowledge evolution (themes and bursts), based on which themes for future research are suggested.}, language = {en} } @article{CzakonKlimasTiberiusetal.2022, author = {Czakon, Wojciech and Klimas, Patrycja and Tiberius, Victor and Ferreira, Jo{\~a}o and Veiga, Pedro M. and Kraus, Sascha}, title = {Entrepreneurial failure}, series = {Entrepreneurship research journal}, journal = {Entrepreneurship research journal}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2157-5665}, doi = {10.1515/erj-2021-0328}, pages = {1 -- 34}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Although entrepreneurial failure (EF) is a fairly recent topic in entrepreneurship literature, the number of publications has been growing dynamically and particularly rapidly. Our systematic review maps and integrates the research on EF based on a multi-method approach to give structure and consistency to this fragmented field of research. The results reveal that the field revolves around six thematic clusters of EF: 1) Soft underpinnings of EF, 2) Contextuality of EF, 3) Perception of EF, 4) Two-sided effects of EF, 5) Multi-stage EF effects, and 6) Institutional drivers of EF. An integrative framework of the positive and negative effects of entrepreneurial failure is proposed, and a research agenda is suggested.}, language = {en} } @article{SimoniniZecchiniBergamaschietal.2022, author = {Simonini, Giovanni and Zecchini, Luca and Bergamaschi, Sonia and Naumann, Felix}, title = {Entity resolution on-demand}, series = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment}, volume = {15}, journal = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment}, number = {7}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, issn = {2150-8097}, doi = {10.14778/3523210.3523226}, pages = {1506 -- 1518}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Entity Resolution (ER) aims to identify and merge records that refer to the same real-world entity. ER is typically employed as an expensive cleaning step on the entire data before consuming it. Yet, determining which entities are useful once cleaned depends solely on the user's application, which may need only a fraction of them. For instance, when dealing with Web data, we would like to be able to filter the entities of interest gathered from multiple sources without cleaning the entire, continuously-growing data. Similarly, when querying data lakes, we want to transform data on-demand and return the results in a timely manner-a fundamental requirement of ELT (Extract-Load-Transform) pipelines. We propose BrewER, a framework to evaluate SQL SP queries on dirty data while progressively returning results as if they were issued on cleaned data. BrewER tries to focus the cleaning effort on one entity at a time, following an ORDER BY predicate. Thus, it inherently supports top-k and stop-and-resume execution. For a wide range of applications, a significant amount of resources can be saved. We exhaustively evaluate and show the efficacy of BrewER on four real-world datasets.}, language = {en} } @article{PerscheidPlattnerRitteretal.2022, author = {Perscheid, Michael and Plattner, Hasso and Ritter, Daniel and Schlosser, Rainer and Teusner, Ralf}, title = {Enterprise platform and integration concepts research at HPI}, series = {SIGMOD record}, volume = {51}, journal = {SIGMOD record}, number = {4}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, issn = {0163-5808}, doi = {10.1145/3582302.3582322}, pages = {68 -- 73}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI), academically structured as the independent Faculty of Digital Engineering at the University of Potsdam, unites computer science research and teaching with the advantages of a privately financed institute and a tuition-free study program. Founder and namesake of the institute is the SAP co-founder Hasso Plattner, who also heads the Enterprise Platform and Integration Concepts (EPIC) research center which focuses on the technical aspects of business software with a vision to provide the fastest way to get insights out of enterprise data. Founded in 2006, the EPIC combines three research groups comprising autonomous data management, enterprise software engineering, and data-driven decision support.}, language = {en} } @article{VogelClausAhringetal.2022, author = {Vogel, Annemarie and Claus, Inga and Ahring, Sigrid and Gruber, Doreen and Haghikia, Aiden and Frank, Ulrike and Dziewas, Rainer and Ebersbach, Georg and Gandor, Florin and Warnecke, Tobias}, title = {Endoscopic characteristics of dysphagia in multiple system atrophy}, series = {Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society}, volume = {37}, journal = {Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0885-3185}, doi = {10.1002/mds.28854}, pages = {535 -- 544}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Dysphagia is a major clinical concern in multiple system atrophy (MSA). A detailed evaluation of its major endoscopic features compared with Parkinson's disease (PD) is lacking. Objective This study systematically assessed dysphagia in MSA compared with PD and correlated subjective dysphagia to objective endoscopic findings. Methods Fifty-seven patients with MSA (median, 64 [interquartile range (IQR): 59-71] years; 35 women) underwent flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing using a specific MSA-flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing task protocol. Findings were compared with an age-matched cohort of 57 patients with PD (median, 67 [interquartile range: 60-73] years; 28 women). In a subcohort, subjective dysphagia was assessed using the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire and correlated to endoscopy findings. Results Patients with MSA predominantly showed symptoms suggestive of oral-phase disturbance (premature spillage, 75.4\%, piecemeal deglutition, 75.4\%). Pharyngeal-phase symptoms occurred less often (pharyngeal residues, 50.9\%; penetration/aspiration, 28.1\%). In contrast, pharyngeal symptoms were the most common finding in PD (pharyngeal residues, 47.4\%). Oral symptoms occurred less frequently in PD (premature spillage, 15.8\%, P < 0.001; piecemeal deglutition, 1.8\%, P < 0.01). Patients with MSA had a greater risk for oral-phase disturbances with increased disease severity (P < 0.05; odds ratio, 3.15). Patients with MSA showed a significantly higher intraindividual interswallow variability compared with PD. When correlating Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire scores with endoscopy results, its cutoff, validated for PD, was not sensitive enough to identify patients with MSA with dysphagia. We developed a subscore for identifying dysphagia in MSA and calculated a new cutoff (sensitivity 85\%, specificity 100\%). Conclusions In contrast with patients with PD, patients with dysphagic MSA more frequently present with oral-phase symptoms and a significantly higher intraindividual interswallow variability. A novel Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire MSA subscore may be a valuable tool to identify patients with MSA with early oropharyngeal dysphagia.}, language = {en} } @article{SmithTraxlBoers2022, author = {Smith, Taylor and Traxl, Dominik and Boers, Niklas}, title = {Empirical evidence for recent global shifts in vegetation resilience}, series = {Nature climate change}, volume = {12}, journal = {Nature climate change}, number = {5}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {1758-678X}, doi = {10.1038/s41558-022-01352-2}, pages = {477 -- 484}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The authors demonstrate that a vegetation system's ability to recover from disturbances-its resilience-can be estimated from its natural variability. Global patterns of resilience loss and gains since the early 1990s reveal shifts towards widespread resilience loss since the early 2000s. The character and health of ecosystems worldwide is tightly coupled to changes in Earth's climate. Theory suggests that ecosystem resilience-the ability of ecosystems to resist and recover from external shocks such as droughts and fires-can be inferred from their natural variability. Here, we quantify vegetation resilience globally with complementary metrics based on two independent long-term satellite records. We first empirically confirm that the recovery rates from large perturbations can be closely approximated from internal vegetation variability across vegetation types and climate zones. On the basis of this empirical relationship, we quantify vegetation resilience continuously and globally from 1992 to 2017. Long-term vegetation resilience trends are spatially heterogeneous, with overall increasing resilience in the tropics and decreasing resilience at higher latitudes. Shorter-term trends, however, reveal a marked shift towards a global decline in vegetation resilience since the early 2000s, particularly in the equatorial rainforest belt.}, language = {en} } @article{SchaeferDechWolffetal.2022, author = {Schaefer, Laura and Dech, Silas and Wolff, Lara L. and Bittmann, Frank}, title = {Emotional Imagery Influences the Adaptive Force in Young Women}, series = {Brain Sciences}, volume = {12}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Schweiz}, issn = {2076-3425}, doi = {10.3390/brainsci12101318}, pages = {23}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The link between emotions and motor function has been known for decades but is still not clarified. The Adaptive Force (AF) describes the neuromuscular capability to adapt to increasing forces and was suggested to be especially vulnerable to interfering inputs. This study investigated the influence of pleasant an unpleasant food imagery on the manually assessed AF of elbow and hip flexors objectified by a handheld device in 12 healthy women. The maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced during unpleasant vs. pleasant imagery and baseline (p < 0.001, dz = 0.98-1.61). During unpleasant imagery, muscle lengthening started at 59.00 ± 22.50\% of maximal AF, in contrast to baseline and pleasant imagery, during which the isometric position could be maintained mostly during the entire force increase up to ~97.90 ± 5.00\% of maximal AF. Healthy participants showed an immediately impaired holding function triggered by unpleasant imagery, presumably related to negative emotions. Hence, AF seems to be suitable to test instantaneously the effect of emotions on motor function. Since musculoskeletal complaints can result from muscular instability, the findings provide insights into the understanding of the causal chain of linked musculoskeletal pain and mental stress. A case example (current stress vs. positive imagery) suggests that the approach presented in this study might have future implications for psychomotor diagnostics and therapeutics.}, language = {en} } @article{KleanthisStavrakasCeglarzetal.2022, author = {Kleanthis, Nikos and Stavrakas, Vassilis and Ceglarz, Andrzej and S{\"u}sser, Diana and Schibline, Amanda and Lilliestam, Johan and Flamos, Alexandros}, title = {Eliciting knowledge from stakeholders to identify critical issues of the transition to climate neutrality in Greece, the Nordic Region, and the European Union}, series = {Energy research \& social ccience}, volume = {93}, journal = {Energy research \& social ccience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2214-6296}, doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2022.102836}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {There are considerable differences in the pace and underlying motivations of the energy transition in the different geographical contexts across Europe. The European Union's commitment to climate neutrality by 2050 requires a better understanding of the energy transition in different contexts and scales to improve cooperation of involved actors. In this article, we identify critical issues and challenges of the European energy transition as perceived by stakeholders and investigate how these perceptions vary across geographical contexts. To do so, we couple a policy document analysis with research based on stakeholder engagement activities in three different scales, national (Greece), regional (Nordic Region) and continental scale (European Union). Our findings show that stakeholder perspectives on the energy transition depend on contextual factors underlying the need for policies sensitive to the different transition issues and challenges in European regions. They also reveal cross-cutting issues and challenges among the three case studies, which could lead to further improvement of the cross-country collaboration to foster the European energy transition.}, language = {en} } @article{BirukovGlintborgSchulzeetal.2022, author = {Birukov, Anna and Glintborg, Dorte and Schulze, Matthias B. and Jensen, Tina K. and Kuxhaus, Olga and Andersen, Louise B. and Kr{\"a}ker, Kristin and Polemiti, Elli and Jensen, Boye L. and J{\o}rgensen, Jan S. and Dechend, Ralf and Andersen, Marianne S.}, title = {Elevated blood pressure in pregnant women with gestational diabetes according to the WHO criteria: importance of overweight}, series = {Journal of hypertension}, volume = {40}, journal = {Journal of hypertension}, number = {8}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0263-6352}, doi = {10.1097/HJH.0000000000003196}, pages = {1614 -- 1623}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective: Hypertension before and during early pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in retrospective analyses. We aimed to investigate the prospective blood pressure trackings in a population-based cohort of pregnant women, who were stratified according to their metabolic status in early third trimester. Methods: We recorded blood pressure longitudinally during pregnancy in 1230 women from the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark. Fasting glucose and insulin were measured at gestational weeks 28-30. Metabolic status was evaluated according to the WHO 2013 threshold for GDM (GDM-WHO: fasting plasma glucose >= 5.1 mmol/l), insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Relationships between metabolic status in third trimester and blood pressure trajectories were evaluated with adjusted linear mixed models. Trajectory was defined as blood pressure records in pregnancy per 4 weeks interval. Results: Prevalence of GDM-WHO was 40\% (498/1230). GDM-WHO was associated with 1.46 (0.22-2.70) mmHg higher SBP and 1.04 (0.07-2.01) mmHg higher DBP trajectories in the overall cohort. The associations were driven by differences in the overweight group, with 3.14 (1.05-5.25) mmHg higher SBP and 1.94 (0.42-3.47) mmHg higher DBP per 4 weeks in women with GDM-WHO compared with women without GDM-WHO. GDM-WHO was not associated with blood pressure in women with normal weight. Blood pressure trajectories were elevated across quartiles of insulin resistance. Conclusion: GDM-WHO is associated with higher blood pressure in pregnancy, and there appears to be a stronger effect in overweight women.}, language = {en} } @article{EiserbeckEngeRabovskyetal.2022, author = {Eiserbeck, Anna and Enge, Alexander and Rabovsky, Milena and Abdel Rahman, Rasha}, title = {Electrophysiological chronometry of graded consciousness during the attentional blink}, series = {Cerebral cortex}, volume = {32}, journal = {Cerebral cortex}, number = {6}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {1047-3211}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab289}, pages = {1244 -- 1259}, year = {2022}, abstract = {One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. While there is increasing evidence for the existence of graded states of conscious awareness based on paradigms such as visual masking, only little and mixed evidence is available for the attentional blink paradigm, specifically in regard to electrophysiological measures. Thereby, the all-or-none pattern reported in some attentional blink studies might have originated from specifics of the experimental design, suggesting the need to examine the generalizability of results. In the present event-related potential (ERP) study (N = 32), visual awareness of T2 face targets was assessed via subjective visibility ratings on a perceptual awareness scale in combination with ERPs time-locked to T2 onset (components P1, N1, N2, and P3). Furthermore, a classification task preceding visibility ratings allowed to track task performance. The behavioral results indicate a graded rather than an all-or-none pattern of visual awareness. Corresponding graded differences in the N1, N2, and P3 components were observed for the comparison of visibility levels. These findings suggest that conscious perception during the attentional blink can occur in a graded fashion.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsohnNiedlAnielskietal.2022, author = {Heinsohn, Natascha Katharina and Niedl, Robert Raimund and Anielski, Alexander and Lisdat, Fred and Beta, Carsten}, title = {Electrophoretic mu PAD for purification and analysis of DNA samples}, series = {Biosensors : open access journal}, volume = {12}, journal = {Biosensors : open access journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-6374}, doi = {10.3390/bios12020062}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this work, the fabrication and characterization of a simple, inexpensive, and effective microfluidic paper analytic device (mu PAD) for monitoring DNA samples is reported. The glass microfiber-based chip has been fabricated by a new wax-based transfer-printing technique and an electrode printing process. It is capable of moving DNA effectively in a time-dependent fashion. The nucleic acid sample is not damaged by this process and is accumulated in front of the anode, but not directly on the electrode. Thus, further DNA processing is feasible. The system allows the DNA to be purified by separating it from other components in sample mixtures such as proteins. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that DNA can be moved through several layers of the glass fiber material. This proof of concept will provide the basis for the development of rapid test systems, e.g., for the detection of pathogens in water samples.}, language = {en} } @article{RoyMukherjeeMondaletal.2022, author = {Roy, Parna and Mukherjee, Arpita and Mondal, Pritha and Bhattacharyya, Biswajit and Narayan, Awadhesh and Pandey, Anshu}, title = {Electronic structure and spectroscopy of I-III-VI2 nanocrystals}, series = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, volume = {126}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, number = {17}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1932-7447}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10922}, pages = {7364 -- 7373}, year = {2022}, abstract = {I-III-VI2 semiconductor nanocrystals have been applied to a host of energy conversion devices with great success. Large scale implementation of device concepts based on these materials has, however, been somewhat stymied by the strong role of defects in determining the optoelectronic characteristics of these materials. Here we present a perspective view of the role of electronic structure and defects on the physical properties, particularly the spectroscopy, of this family of materials. Applications of these materials are further discussed in this context.}, language = {en} } @article{MatternReppertZeuschneretal.2022, author = {Mattern, Maximilian and Reppert, Alexander von and Zeuschner, Steffen Peer and Pudell, Jan-Etienne and K{\"u}hne, F. and Diesing, Detlef and Herzog, Marc and Bargheer, Matias}, title = {Electronic energy transport in nanoscale Au/Fe hetero-structures in the perspective of ultrafast lattice dynamics}, series = {Applied physics letters}, volume = {120}, journal = {Applied physics letters}, number = {9}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/5.0080378}, pages = {5}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We study the ultrafast electronic transport of energy in a photoexcited nanoscale Au/Fe hetero-structure by modeling the spatiotemporal profile of energy densities that drives transient strain, which we quantify by femtosecond x-ray diffraction. This flow of energy is relevant for intrinsic demagnetization and ultrafast spin transport. We measured lattice strain for different Fe layer thicknesses ranging from few atomic layers to several nanometers and modeled the spatiotemporal flow of energy densities. The combination of a high electron-phonon coupling coefficient and a large Sommerfeld constant in Fe is found to yield electronic transfer of nearly all energy from Au to Fe within the first hundreds of femtoseconds.}, language = {en} } @article{JafarnezhadgeroFatollahiGranacher2022, author = {Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali and Fatollahi, Amir and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Eight weeks of exercising on sand has positive effects on biomechanics of walking and muscle activities in individuals with pronated feet}, series = {Sports : open access journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {Sports : open access journal}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-4663}, doi = {10.3390/sports10050070}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of barefoot running exercise on sand versus control on measures of walking kinetics and muscle activities in individuals with diagnosed pronated feet. Sixty physically active male adults with pronated feet were randomly allocated into an intervention or a waiting control group. The intervention group conducted an 8-weeks progressive barefoot running exercise program on sand (e.g., short sprints) with three weekly sessions. Pre and post intervention, participants walked at a constant speed of 1.3 m/s +/- 5\% on a 18 m walkway with a force plate embedded in the middle of the walkway. Results showed significant group-by-time interactions for peak impact vertical and lateral ground reaction forces. Training but not control resulted in significantly lower peak impact vertical and lateral ground reaction forces. Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for vastus lateralis activity during the loading phase. Training-induced increases were found for the vastus lateralis in the intervention but not in the control group. This study revealed that the applied exercise program is a suitable means to absorb ground reaction forces (e.g., lower impact vertical and lateral peaks) and increase activities of selected lower limb muscles (e.g., vastus lateralis) when walking on stable ground.}, language = {en} } @article{BlaesiusFriedrichLischeidetal.2022, author = {Bl{\"a}sius, Thomas and Friedrich, Tobias and Lischeid, Julius and Meeks, Kitty and Schirneck, Friedrich Martin}, title = {Efficiently enumerating hitting sets of hypergraphs arising in data profiling}, series = {Journal of computer and system sciences : JCSS}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of computer and system sciences : JCSS}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0022-0000}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcss.2021.10.002}, pages = {192 -- 213}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The transversal hypergraph problem asks to enumerate the minimal hitting sets of a hypergraph. If the solutions have bounded size, Eiter and Gottlob [SICOMP'95] gave an algorithm running in output-polynomial time, but whose space requirement also scales with the output. We improve this to polynomial delay and space. Central to our approach is the extension problem, deciding for a set X of vertices whether it is contained in any minimal hitting set. We show that this is one of the first natural problems to be W[3]-complete. We give an algorithm for the extension problem running in time O(m(vertical bar X vertical bar+1) n) and prove a SETH-lower bound showing that this is close to optimal. We apply our enumeration method to the discovery problem of minimal unique column combinations from data profiling. Our empirical evaluation suggests that the algorithm outperforms its worst-case guarantees on hypergraphs stemming from real-world databases.}, language = {en} } @article{BlaesiusFreibergerFriedrichetal.2022, author = {Bl{\"a}sius, Thomas and Freiberger, Cedric and Friedrich, Tobias and Katzmann, Maximilian and Montenegro-Retana, Felix and Thieffry, Marianne}, title = {Efficient Shortest Paths in Scale-Free Networks with Underlying Hyperbolic Geometry}, series = {ACM Transactions on Algorithms}, volume = {18}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Algorithms}, number = {2}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, issn = {1549-6325}, doi = {10.1145/3516483}, pages = {1 -- 32}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A standard approach to accelerating shortest path algorithms on networks is the bidirectional search, which explores the graph from the start and the destination, simultaneously. In practice this strategy performs particularly well on scale-free real-world networks. Such networks typically have a heterogeneous degree distribution (e.g., a power-law distribution) and high clustering (i.e., vertices with a common neighbor are likely to be connected themselves). These two properties can be obtained by assuming an underlying hyperbolic geometry.
To explain the observed behavior of the bidirectional search, we analyze its running time on hyperbolic random graphs and prove that it is (O) over tilde (n(2-1/alpha) + n(1/(2 alpha)) + delta(max)) with high probability, where alpha is an element of (1/2, 1) controls the power-law exponent of the degree distribution, and dmax is the maximum degree. This bound is sublinear, improving the obvious worst-case linear bound. Although our analysis depends on the underlying geometry, the algorithm itself is oblivious to it.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidlPapenbrock2022, author = {Schmidl, Sebastian and Papenbrock, Thorsten}, title = {Efficient distributed discovery of bidirectional order dependencies}, series = {The VLDB journal}, volume = {31}, journal = {The VLDB journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York}, issn = {1066-8888}, doi = {10.1007/s00778-021-00683-4}, pages = {49 -- 74}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Bidirectional order dependencies (bODs) capture order relationships between lists of attributes in a relational table. They can express that, for example, sorting books by publication date in ascending order also sorts them by age in descending order. The knowledge about order relationships is useful for many data management tasks, such as query optimization, data cleaning, or consistency checking. Because the bODs of a specific dataset are usually not explicitly given, they need to be discovered. The discovery of all minimal bODs (in set-based canonical form) is a task with exponential complexity in the number of attributes, though, which is why existing bOD discovery algorithms cannot process datasets of practically relevant size in a reasonable time. In this paper, we propose the distributed bOD discovery algorithm DISTOD, whose execution time scales with the available hardware. DISTOD is a scalable, robust, and elastic bOD discovery approach that combines efficient pruning techniques for bOD candidates in set-based canonical form with a novel, reactive, and distributed search strategy. Our evaluation on various datasets shows that DISTOD outperforms both single-threaded and distributed state-of-the-art bOD discovery algorithms by up to orders of magnitude; it can, in particular, process much larger datasets.}, language = {en} } @article{HuangHuangReichetal.2022, author = {Huang, Daniel Zhengyu and Huang, Jiaoyang and Reich, Sebastian and Stuart, Andrew M.}, title = {Efficient derivative-free Bayesian inference for large-scale inverse problems}, series = {Inverse problems : an international journal of inverse problems, inverse methods and computerised inversion of data}, volume = {38}, journal = {Inverse problems : an international journal of inverse problems, inverse methods and computerised inversion of data}, number = {12}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0266-5611}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6420/ac99fa}, pages = {40}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We consider Bayesian inference for large-scale inverse problems, where computational challenges arise from the need for repeated evaluations of an expensive forward model. This renders most Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches infeasible, since they typically require O(10(4)) model runs, or more. Moreover, the forward model is often given as a black box or is impractical to differentiate. Therefore derivative-free algorithms are highly desirable. We propose a framework, which is built on Kalman methodology, to efficiently perform Bayesian inference in such inverse problems. The basic method is based on an approximation of the filtering distribution of a novel mean-field dynamical system, into which the inverse problem is embedded as an observation operator. Theoretical properties are established for linear inverse problems, demonstrating that the desired Bayesian posterior is given by the steady state of the law of the filtering distribution of the mean-field dynamical system, and proving exponential convergence to it. This suggests that, for nonlinear problems which are close to Gaussian, sequentially computing this law provides the basis for efficient iterative methods to approximate the Bayesian posterior. Ensemble methods are applied to obtain interacting particle system approximations of the filtering distribution of the mean-field model; and practical strategies to further reduce the computational and memory cost of the methodology are presented, including low-rank approximation and a bi-fidelity approach. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated in several numerical experiments, including proof-of-concept linear/nonlinear examples and two large-scale applications: learning of permeability parameters in subsurface flow; and learning subgrid-scale parameters in a global climate model. Moreover, the stochastic ensemble Kalman filter and various ensemble square-root Kalman filters are all employed and are compared numerically. The results demonstrate that the proposed method, based on exponential convergence to the filtering distribution of a mean-field dynamical system, is competitive with pre-existing Kalman-based methods for inverse problems.}, language = {en} } @article{GrischekCaprioglioZhangetal.2022, author = {Grischek, Max and Caprioglio, Pietro and Zhang, Jiahuan and Pena-Camargo, Francisco and Sveinbjornsson, Kari and Zu, Fengshuo and Menzel, Dorothee and Warby, Jonathan and Li, Jinzhao and Koch, Norbert and Unger, Eva and Korte, Lars and Neher, Dieter and Stolterfoht, Martin and Albrecht, Steve}, title = {Efficiency Potential and Voltage Loss of Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells}, series = {Solar RRL}, volume = {6}, journal = {Solar RRL}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2367-198X}, doi = {10.1002/solr.202200690}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Inorganic perovskite solar cells show excellent thermal stability, but the reported power conversion efficiencies are still lower than for organic-inorganic perovskites. This is mainly caused by lower open-circuit voltages (V(OC)s). Herein, the reasons for the low V-OC in inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells are investigated. Intensity-dependent photoluminescence measurements for different layer stacks reveal that n-i-p and p-i-n CsPbI2Br solar cells exhibit a strong mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and V-OC. Specifically, the CsPbI2Br p-i-n perovskite solar cell has a QFLS-e center dot V-OC mismatch of 179 meV, compared with 11 meV for a reference cell with an organic-inorganic perovskite of similar bandgap. On the other hand, this study shows that the CsPbI2Br films with a bandgap of 1.9 eV have a very low defect density, resulting in an efficiency potential of 20.3\% with a MeO-2PACz hole-transporting layer and 20.8\% on compact TiO2. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, energy level misalignment is identified as a possible reason for the QFLS-e center dot V-OC mismatch and strategies for overcoming this V-OC limitation are discussed. This work highlights the need to control the interfacial energetics in inorganic perovskite solar cells, but also gives promise for high efficiencies once this issue is resolved.}, language = {en} } @article{DelfanVahedBishopetal.2022, author = {Delfan, Maryam and Vahed, Alieh and Bishop, David and Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh and Laher, Ismail and Saeidi, Ayoub and Granacher, Urs and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {Effects of two workload-matched high-intensity interval training protocols on regulatory factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats}, series = {Frontiers in Physiology}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.927969}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Aims: High intensity interval training (HIIT) improves mitochondrial characteristics. This study compared the impact of two workload-matched high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols with different work:recovery ratios on regulatory factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups: non-diabetic control, diabetic control (DC), diabetic with long recovery exercise [4-5 × 2-min running at 80\%-90\% of the maximum speed reached with 2-min of recovery at 40\% of the maximum speed reached (DHIIT1:1)], and diabetic with short recovery exercise (5-6 × 2-min running at 80\%-90\% of the maximum speed reached with 1-min of recovery at 30\% of the maximum speed reached [DHIIT2:1]). Both HIIT protocols were completed five times/week for 4 weeks while maintaining equal running distances in each session. Results: Gene and protein expressions of PGC-1α, p53, and citrate synthase of the muscles increased significantly following DHIIT1:1 and DHIIT2:1 compared to DC (p ˂ 0.05). Most parameters, except for PGC-1α protein (p = 0.597), were significantly higher in DHIIT2:1 than in DHIIT1:1 (p ˂ 0.05). Both DHIIT groups showed significant increases in maximum speed with larger increases in DHIIT2:1 compared with DHIIT1:1. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that both HIIT protocols can potently up-regulate gene and protein expression of PGC-1α, p53, and CS. However, DHIIT2:1 has superior effects compared with DHIIT1:1 in improving mitochondrial adaptive responses in diabetic rats.}, language = {en} } @article{HanniganNendelKrull2022, author = {Hannigan, Sara and Nendel, Claas and Krull, Marcos}, title = {Effects of temperature on the movement and feeding behaviour of the large lupine beetle, Sitona gressorius}, series = {Journal of pest science}, journal = {Journal of pest science}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1612-4758}, doi = {10.1007/s10340-022-01510-7}, pages = {389 -- 402}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Even though the effects of insect pests on global agricultural productivity are well recognised, little is known about movement and dispersal of many species, especially in the context of global warming. This work evaluates how temperature and light conditions affect different movement metrics and the feeding rate of the large lupine beetle, an agricultural pest responsible for widespread damage in leguminous crops. By using video recordings, the movement of 384 beetles was digitally analysed under six different temperatures and light conditions in the laboratory. Bayesian linear mixed-effect models were used to analyse the data. Furthermore, the effects of temperature on the daily diffusion coefficient of beetles were estimated by using hidden Markov models and random walk simulations. Results of this work show that temperature, light conditions, and beetles' weight were the main factors affecting the flight probability, displacement, time being active and the speed of beetles. Significant variations were also observed in all evaluated metrics. On average, beetles exposed to light conditions and higher temperatures had higher mean speed and flight probability. However, beetles tended to stay more active at higher temperatures and less active at intermediate temperatures, around 20 degrees C. Therefore, both the diffusion coefficient and displacement of beetles were lower at intermediate temperatures. These results show that the movement behaviour and feeding rates of beetles can present different relationships in the function of temperature. It also shows that using a single diffusion coefficient for insects in spatially explicit models may lead to over- or underestimation of pest spread.}, language = {en} } @article{LenkeitHartmannEhlertetal.2022, author = {Lenkeit, Jenny and Hartmann, Anne and Ehlert, Antje and Knigge, Michel and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine}, title = {Effects of special educational needs and socioeconomic status on academic achievement}, series = {International Journal of Educational Research}, volume = {113}, journal = {International Journal of Educational Research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0883-0355}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101957}, pages = {20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Germany is continuously expanding its inclusive education system. Research provides evidence that students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive school settings show lower academic achievement and come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds than their peers without SEN. Identifying to what extent the disadvantages originating from both characteristics are confounded in predicting academic achievement, has been neglected in the German educational context. Using data of 1711 primary and secondary school students from a longitudinal study in the state of Brandenburg, this study evaluates to what degree SEN (in the areas of learning and emotional-social difficulties) and socioeconomic background (SES) are confounded in predicting academic initial achievement in reading and mathematics as well as their development over time. Using multilevel modelling techniques that nest three measurement points into students and students into classes, results identify SES and SEN as relevant predictors of achievement status and growth in both subjects. Only few and small mediation effects of SES were found, indicating that both SES and SEN remain independent risk factors for achievement. Understanding the origins of student disadvantage can help teachers to make better informed choices for designing support measures and aid policymakers' reasoning for resource allocations.}, language = {en} } @article{SinghKushwahSinghetal.2022, author = {Singh, Gaurav and Kushwah, Gaurav Singh and Singh, Tanvi and Thapa, Rohit Kumar and Granacher, Urs and Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo}, title = {Effects of sand-based plyometric-jump training in combination with endurance running on outdoor or treadmill surface on physical fitness in young adult males}, series = {Journal of sports science \& medicine}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of sports science \& medicine}, number = {2}, publisher = {Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University}, address = {Bursa}, issn = {1303-2968}, doi = {10.52082/jssm.2022.277}, pages = {277 -- 286}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study aimed at examining the effects of nine weeks of sand-based plyometric jump training (PJT) combined with endurance running on either outdoor or treadmill surface on measures of physical fitness. Male participants (age, 20.1 +/- 1.7 years) were randomly assigned to a sand-based PJT combined with endurance running on outdoor surface (OT, n = 25) or treadmill surface (TT, n = 25). The endurance miming intervention comprised a mixed training method, i.e., long slow distance, tempo, and interval running drills. A control group was additionally included in this study (CG, n = 25). Participants in CG followed their regular physical activity as OT and TT but did not receive any specific intervention. Individuals were assessed for their 50-m linear sprint time, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., Cooper test), forced vital capacity (FVC), calf girth, and resting heart rate (RHR). A three (groups: OT, TT, CG) by two (time: pre, post) ANOVA for repeated measures was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In case of significant group-by-time interactions, Bonferroni adjusted paired (within-group) and independent (between-group comparisons at post) t-tests were used for post-hoc analyses. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all dependent variables (p < 0.001 - 0.002, eta(2)(p) = 0.16 - 0.78). Group-specific post-hoc tests showed improvements for all variables after OT (p < 0.001, Hedges'g effect size [g] = 0.05 - 1.94) and TT (p < 0.001, g = 0.04 - 2.73), but not in the CG (p = 0.058 - 1.000, g = 0.00 - 0.34). Compared to CG, OT showed larger SLJ (p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.004), FVC (p = 0.008), and RHR (p < 0.001) improvements. TT showed larger improvements in SLJ (p = 0.036), cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), and RHR (p < 0.001) compared with CG. Compared to OT, TT showed larger improvements for SLJ (p = 0.018). In conclusion, sand-based PJT combined with either OT or TT similarly improved most measures of physical fitness, with greater SLJ improvement after TT. Coaches may use both concurrent exercise regimes based on preferences and logistical constrains (e.g., weather; access to treadmill equipment).}, language = {en} } @article{JafarnezhadgeroAmirzadehFatollahietal.2022, author = {Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali and Amirzadeh, Nasrin and Fatollahi, Amir and Siahkouhian, Marefat and de Souza Castelo Oliveira, Anderson and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of running on sand vs. stable ground on kinetics and muscle activities in individuals with over-pronated feet}, series = {Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2021.822024}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: In terms of physiological and biomechanical characteristics, over-pronation of the feet has been associated with distinct muscle recruitment patterns and ground reaction forces during running. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of running on sand vs. stable ground on ground-reaction-forces (GRFs) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with over-pronated feet (OPF) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Thirty-three OPF individuals and 33 controls ran at preferred speed and in randomized-order over level-ground and sand. A force-plate was embedded in an 18-m runway to collect GRFs. Muscle activities were recorded using an EMG-system. Data were adjusted for surface-related differences in running speed. Results: Running on sand resulted in lower speed compared with stable ground running (p < 0.001; d = 0.83). Results demonstrated that running on sand produced higher tibialis anterior activity (p = 0.024; d = 0.28). Also, findings indicated larger loading rates (p = 0.004; d = 0.72) and greater vastus medialis (p < 0.001; d = 0.89) and rectus femoris (p = 0.001; d = 0.61) activities in OPF individuals. Controls but not OPF showed significantly lower gluteus-medius activity (p = 0.022; d = 0.63) when running on sand. Conclusion: Running on sand resulted in lower running speed and higher tibialis anterior activity during the loading phase. This may indicate alterations in neuromuscular demands in the distal part of the lower limbs when running on sand. In OPF individuals, higher loading rates together with greater quadriceps activity may constitute a proximal compensatory mechanism for distal surface instability.}, language = {en} } @article{RamirezCampilloPerezCastillaThapaetal.2022, author = {Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo and P{\´e}rez-Castilla, Alejandro and Thapa, Rohit Kumar and Afonso, Jos{\´e} and Clemente, Filipe Manuel Batista and Colado, Juan C. and Eduardo, Sa{\´e}z de Villarreal and Chaabene, Helmi}, title = {Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Measures of Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance of Water Sports Athletes}, series = {Sports Medicine - Open}, volume = {8}, journal = {Sports Medicine - Open}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2198-9761}, doi = {10.1186/s40798-022-00502-2}, pages = {1 -- 27}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background A growing body of literature is available regarding the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness (PF) and sport-specific performance (SSP) in-water sports athletes (WSA, i.e. those competing in sports that are practiced on [e.g. rowing] or in [e.g. swimming; water polo] water). Indeed, incoherent findings have been observed across individual studies making it difficult to provide the scientific community and coaches with consistent evidence. As such, a comprehensive systematic literature search should be conducted to clarify the existent evidence, identify the major gaps in the literature, and offer recommendations for future studies. Aim To examine the effects of PJT compared with active/specific-active controls on the PF (one-repetition maximum back squat strength, squat jump height, countermovement jump height, horizontal jump distance, body mass, fat mass, thigh girth) and SSP (in-water vertical jump, in-water agility, time trial) outcomes in WSA, through a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies. Methods The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to January 2022. According to the PICOS approach, the eligibility criteria were: (population) healthy WSA; (intervention) PJT interventions involving unilateral and/or bilateral jumps, and a minimal duration of ≥ 3 weeks; (comparator) active (i.e. standard sports training) or specific-active (i.e. alternative training intervention) control group(s); (outcome) at least one measure of PF (e.g. jump height) and/or SSP (e.g. time trial) before and after training; and (study design) multi-groups randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses, reporting effect sizes (ES, i.e. Hedges' g) with 95\% confidence intervals (95\% CIs). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Certainty or confidence in the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), considering its five dimensions: risk of bias in studies, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and risk of publication bias. Results A total of 11,028 studies were identified with 26 considered eligible for inclusion. The median PEDro score across the included studies was 5.5 (moderate-to-high methodological quality). The included studies involved a total of 618 WSA of both sexes (330 participants in the intervention groups [31 groups] and 288 participants in the control groups [26 groups]), aged between 10 and 26 years, and from different sports disciplines such as swimming, triathlon, rowing, artistic swimming, and water polo. The duration of the training programmes in the intervention and control groups ranged from 4 to 36 weeks. The results of the meta-analysis indicated no effects of PJT compared to control conditions (including specific-active controls) for in-water vertical jump or agility (ES =  - 0.15 to 0.03; p = 0.477 to 0.899), or for body mass, fat mass, and thigh girth (ES = 0.06 to 0.15; p = 0.452 to 0.841). In terms of measures of PF, moderate-to-large effects were noted in favour of the PJT groups compared to the control groups (including specific-active control groups) for one-repetition maximum back squat strength, horizontal jump distance, squat jump height, and countermovement jump height (ES = 0.67 to 1.47; p = 0.041 to < 0.001), in addition to a small effect noted in favour of the PJT for SSP time-trial speed (ES = 0.42; p = 0.005). Certainty of evidence across the included studies varied from very low-to-moderate. Conclusions PJT is more effective to improve measures of PF and SSP in WSA compared to control conditions involving traditional sport-specific training as well as alternative training interventions (e.g. resistance training). It is worth noting that the present findings are derived from 26 studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality, low-to-moderate impact of heterogeneity, and very low-to-moderate certainty of evidence based on GRADE. Trial registration The protocol for this systematic review with meta-analysis was published in the Open Science platform (OSF) on January 23, 2022, under the registration doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NWHS3 (internet archive link: https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-nwhs3-v1).}, language = {en} } @article{GebelBuschStelzeletal.2022, author = {Gebel, Arnd and Busch, Aglaja and Stelzel, Christine and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of Physical and Mental Fatigue on Postural Sway and Cortical Activity in Healthy Young Adults}, series = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, volume = {16}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2022.871930}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Physical fatigue (PF) negatively affects postural control, resulting in impaired balance performance in young and older adults. Similar effects on postural control can be observed for mental fatigue (MF) mainly in older adults. Controversial results exist for young adults. There is a void in the literature on the effects of fatigue on balance and cortical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the acute effects of PF and MF on postural sway and cortical activity. Fifteen healthy young adults aged 28 ± 3 years participated in this study. MF and PF protocols comprising of an all-out repeated sit-to-stand task and a computer-based attention network test, respectively, were applied in random order. Pre and post fatigue, cortical activity and postural sway (i.e., center of pressure displacements [CoPd], velocity [CoPv], and CoP variability [CV CoPd, CV CoPv]) were tested during a challenging bipedal balance board task. Absolute spectral power was calculated for theta (4-7.5 Hz), alpha-2 (10.5-12.5 Hz), beta-1 (13-18 Hz), and beta-2 (18.5-25 Hz) in frontal, central, and parietal regions of interest (ROI) and baseline-normalized. Inference statistics revealed a significant time-by-fatigue interaction for CoPd (p = 0.009, d = 0.39, Δ 9.2\%) and CoPv (p = 0.009, d = 0.36, Δ 9.2\%), and a significant main effect of time for CoP variability (CV CoPd: p = 0.001, d = 0.84; CV CoPv: p = 0.05, d = 0.62). Post hoc analyses showed a significant increase in CoPd (p = 0.002, d = 1.03) and CoPv (p = 0.003, d = 1.03) following PF but not MF. For cortical activity, a significant time-by-fatigue interaction was found for relative alpha-2 power in parietal (p < 0.001, d = 0.06) areas. Post hoc tests indicated larger alpha-2 power increases after PF (p < 0.001, d = 1.69, Δ 3.9\%) compared to MF (p = 0.001, d = 1.03, Δ 2.5\%). In addition, changes in parietal alpha-2 power and measures of postural sway did not correlate significantly, irrespective of the applied fatigue protocol. No significant changes were found for the other frequency bands, irrespective of the fatigue protocol and ROI under investigation. Thus, the applied PF protocol resulted in increased postural sway (CoPd and CoPv) and CoP variability accompanied by enhanced alpha-2 power in the parietal ROI while MF led to increased CoP variability and alpha-2 power in our sample of young adults. Potential underlying cortical mechanisms responsible for the greater increase in parietal alpha-2 power after PF were discussed but could not be clearly identified as cause. Therefore, further future research is needed to decipher alternative interpretations.}, language = {en} } @article{BuschTrounsonBrowneetal.2022, author = {Busch, Aglaja and Trounson, Karl M. and Browne, Peter and Robertson, Sam}, title = {Effects of lower limb light-weight wearable resistance on running biomechanics}, series = {Journal of biomechanics : affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics, the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics}, volume = {130}, journal = {Journal of biomechanics : affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics, the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {New York, NY [u.a.]}, issn = {0021-9290}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110903}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Wearable resistance allows individualized loading for sport specific movements and can lead to specific strength adaptations benefiting the athlete. The objective was to determine biomechanical changes during running with lower limb light-weight wearable resistance. Fourteen participants (age: 28 +/- 4 years; height: 180 +/- 8 cm; body mass: 77 +/- 6 kg) wore shorts and calf sleeves of a compression suit allowing attachment of light loads. Participants completed four times two mins 20-m over-ground shuttle running bouts at 3.3 m*s(-1) alternated by three mins rest. The first running bout was unloaded and the other three bouts were under randomised loaded conditions (1\%, 3\% and 5\% additional loading of the individual body mass). 3D motion cameras and force plates recorded kinematic and kinetic data at the midpoint of each 20-m shuttle. Friedman-test for repeated measures and linear mixed effect model analysis were used to determine differences between the loading conditions (alpha = 0.05). Increased peak vertical ground reaction force (2.7 N/kg to 2.74 N/kg), ground contact time (0.20 s to 0.21 s) and decreased step length (1.49 m to 1.45 m) were found with additional 5 \% body mass loading compared to unloaded running (0.001 > p < 0.007). Marginally more knee flexion and hip extension and less plantarflexion was seen with higher loading. Differences in the assessed parameters were present between each loading condition but accompanied by subject variability. Further studies, also examining long term effects, should be conducted to further inform use of this training tool.}, language = {en} } @article{BehrendtBielitzkiBehrensetal.2022, author = {Behrendt, Tom and Bielitzki, Robert and Behrens, Martin and Herold, Fabian and Schega, Lutz}, title = {Effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans}, series = {Sports medicine - open}, volume = {8}, journal = {Sports medicine - open}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, issn = {2199-1170}, doi = {10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x}, pages = {28}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus. Objective: Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science (TM), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. Results: Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. Conclusion: Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).}, language = {en} } @article{PrieskeChaabeneKullmannetal.2022, author = {Prieske, Olaf and Chaabene, Helmi and Kullmann, Niclas and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes}, series = {International journal of sports physiology and performance}, volume = {17}, journal = {International journal of sports physiology and performance}, number = {4}, publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.}, address = {Champaign}, issn = {1555-0265}, doi = {10.1123/ijspp.2021-0074}, pages = {541 -- 548}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 x 5 repetitions at 49\%-72\% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 x 5 repetitions at 50\%-60\% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass). Results: Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g= 1.6), and drop jump height (P = .02; g= 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.}, language = {en} } @article{HeringHauptfleischKramerSchadtetal.2022, author = {Hering, Robert and Hauptfleisch, Morgan and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Stiegler, Jonas and Blaum, Niels}, title = {Effects of fences and fence gaps on the movement behavior of three southern African antelope species}, series = {Frontiers in Conservation Science}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Conservation Science}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {2673-611X}, doi = {10.3389/fcosc.2022.959423}, pages = {1 -- 19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Globally, migratory ungulates are affected by fences. While field observational studies reveal the amount of animal-fence interactions across taxa, GPS tracking-based studies uncover fence effects on movement patterns and habitat selection. However, studies on the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on movement behavior, especially based on high-frequency tracking data, are scarce. We used GPS tracking on three common African antelopes (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Antidorcas marsupialis, and T. oryx) with movement strategies ranging from range residency to nomadism in a semi-arid, Namibian savanna traversed by wildlife-proof fences that elephants have regularly breached. We classified major forms of ungulate-fence interaction types on a seasonal and a daily scale. Furthermore, we recorded the distances and times spent at fences regarding the total individual space use. Based on this, we analyzed the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on the animals' movement behavior for the previously defined types of animal-fence interactions. Antelope-fence interactions peaked during the early hours of the day and during seasonal transitions when the limiting resource changed between water and forage. Major types of ungulate-fence interactions were quick, trace-like, or marked by halts. We found that the amount of time spent at fences was highest for nomadic eland. Migratory springbok adjusted their space use concerning fence gap positions. If the small home ranges of sedentary kudu included a fence, they frequently interacted with this fence. For springbok and eland, distance traveled along a fence declined with increasing utilization of a fence gap. All species reduced their speed in the proximity of a fence but often increased their speed when encountering the fence. Crossing a fence led to increased speeds for all species. We demonstrate that fence effects mainly occur during crucial foraging times (seasonal scale) and during times of directed movements (daily scale). Importantly, we provide evidence that fences directly alter antelope movement behaviors with negative implications for energy budgets and that persistent fence gaps can reduce the intensity of such alterations. Our findings help to guide future animal-fence studies and provide insights for wildlife fencing and fence gap planning.}, language = {en} } @article{YuanZhangQiuetal.2022, author = {Yuan, Jun and Zhang, Chujun and Qiu, Beibei and Liu, Wei and So, Shu Kong and Mainville, Mathieu and Leclerc, Mario and Shoaee, Safa and Neher, Dieter and Zou, Yingping}, title = {Effects of energetic disorder in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells}, series = {Energy \& environmental science}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energy \& environmental science}, number = {7}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1754-5692}, doi = {10.1039/d2ee00271j}, pages = {2806 -- 2818}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Organic solar cells (OSCs) have progressed rapidly in recent years through the development of novel organic photoactive materials, especially non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Consequently, OSCs based on state-of-the-art NFAs have reached significant milestones, such as similar to 19\% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and small energy losses (less than 0.5 eV). Despite these significant advances, understanding of the interplay between molecular structure and optoelectronic properties lags significantly behind. For example, despite the theoretical framework for describing the energetic disorder being well developed for the case of inorganic semiconductors, the question of the applicability of classical semiconductor theories in analyzing organic semiconductors is still under debate. A general observation in the inorganic field is that inorganic photovoltaic materials possessing a polycrystalline microstructure exhibit suppressed disorder properties and better charge carrier transport compared to their amorphous analogs. Accordingly, this principle extends to the organic semiconductor field as many organic photovoltaic materials are synthesized to pursue polycrystalline-like features. Yet, there appears to be sporadic examples that exhibit an opposite trend. However, full studies decoupling energetic disorder from aggregation effects have largely been left out. Hence, the potential role of the energetic disorder in OSCs has received little attention. Interestingly, recently reported state-of-the-art NFA-based devices could achieve a small energetic disorder and high PCE at the same time; and interest in this investigation related to the disorder properties in OSCs was revived. In this contribution, progress in terms of the correlation between molecular design and energetic disorder is reviewed together with their effects on the optoelectronic mechanism and photovoltaic performance. Finally, the specific challenges and possible solutions in reducing the energetic disorder of OSCs from the viewpoint of materials and devices are proposed.}, language = {en} } @article{MarkovHauserChaabene2022, author = {Markov, Adrian and Hauser, Lukas and Chaabene, Helmi}, title = {Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults}, series = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, volume = {53}, journal = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0112-1642}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-022-01764-2}, pages = {437 -- 455}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background There is evidence that in older adults the combination of strength training (ST) and endurance training (ET) (i.e., concurrent training [CT]) has similar effects on measures of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) compared with single-mode ST or ET, respectively. Therefore, CT seems to be an effective method to target broad aspects of physical fitness in older adults. Objectives The aim was to examine the effects of CT on measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, balance and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. We also aimed to identify key moderating variables to guide training prescription. Study Design We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were systematically searched until February 2022. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of CT versus passive controls on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. Results Fifteen studies were eligible, including a total of 566 participants. CT induced moderate positive effects on muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74) and power (SMD = 0.50), with a small effect on CRE (SMD = 0.48). However, no significant effects were detected for balance (p > 0.05). Older adults > 65 years (SMD = 1.04) and females (SMD = 1.05) displayed larger improvements in muscle strength compared with adults <= 65 years old (SMD = 0.60) and males (SMD = 0.38), respectively. For CRE, moderate positive effects (SMD = 0.52) were reported in those <= 65 years old only, with relatively larger gains in females (SMD = 0.55) compared with males (SMD = 0.45). However, no significant differences between all subgroups were detected. Independent single training factor analysis indicated larger positive effects of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.87 and 0.88) compared with 21 weeks (SMD = 0.47 and 0.29) of CT on muscle strength and power, respectively, while for CRE, 21 weeks of CT resulted in larger gains (SMD = 0.62) than 12 weeks (SMD = 0.40). For CT frequency, three sessions per week produced larger beneficial effects (SMD = 0.91) on muscle strength compared with four sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas for CRE, moderate positive effects were only noted after four sessions per week (SMD = 0.58). A session duration of > 30-60 min generated larger improvements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.99) and power (SMD = 0.88) compared with > 60-90 min (SMD = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively). However, for CRE, longer session durations (i.e., > 60-90 min) seem to be more effective (SMD = 0.61) than shorter ones (i.e., > 30-60 min) (SMD = 0.34). ET at moderate-to-near maximal intensities produced moderate (SMD = 0.64) and small positive effects (SMD = 0.49) on muscle strength and CRE, respectively, with no effects at low intensity ET (p > 0.05). Finally, intra-session ST before ET produced larger gains in muscle strength (SMD = 1.00) compared with separate sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas ET and ST carried out separately induced larger improvements in CRE (SMD = 0.58) compared with intra-session ET before ST (SMD = 0.49). Conclusions CT is an effective method to improve measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years, regardless of sex. Results of independent single training factor analysis indicated that the largest effects on muscle strength were observed after 12 weeks of training, > 30-60 min per session, three sessions per week, higher ET intensities and when ST preceded ET within the same session. For CRE, the largest effects were noted after 21 weeks of training, four sessions per week, > 60-90 min per session, higher ET intensities and when ET and ST sessions were performed separately. Regarding muscle power, the largest effects were observed after 12 weeks of training and > 30-60 min per session.}, language = {en} } @article{ButerHeckmannFilisettietal.2022, author = {Buter, Anuschka and Heckmann, Tobias and Filisetti, Lorenzo and Savi, Sara and Mao, Luca and Gems, Bernhard and Comiti, Francesco}, title = {Effects of catchment characteristics and hydro-meteorological scenarios on sediment connectivity in glacierised catchments}, series = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, volume = {402}, journal = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108128}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In the past decade, sediment connectivity has become a widely recognized characteristic of a geomorphic system. However, the quantification of functional connectivity (i.e. connectivity which arises due to the actual occurrence of sediment transport processes) and its variation over space and time is still a challenge. In this context, this study assesses the effects of expected future phenomena in the context of climate change (i.e. glacier retreat, permafrost degradation or meteorological extreme events) on sediment transport dynamics in a glacierised Alpine basin. The study area is the Sulden river basin (drainage area 130 km(2)) in the Italian Alps, which is composed of two geomorphologically diverse sub-basins. Based on graph theory, we evaluated the spatio-temporal variations in functional connectivity in these two sub-basins. The graph-object, obtained by manually mapping sediment transport processes between landforms, was adapted to 6 different hydro-meteorological scenarios, which derive from combining base, heatwave and rainstorm conditions with snowmelt and glacier-melt periods. For each scenario and each sub-basin, the sediment transport network and related catchment characteristics were analysed. To compare the effects of the scenarios on functional connectivity, we introduced a connectivity degree, calculated based on the area of the landforms involved in sediment cascades. Results indicate that the area of the basin connected to its outlet in terms of sediment transport might feature a six-fold increase in case of rainstorm conditions compared to "average " meteorological conditions assumed for the base scenario. Furthermore, markedly different effects of climate change on sediment connectivity are expected between the two sub-catchments due to their contrasting morphological and lithological characteristics, in terms of relative importance of rainfall triggered colluvial processes vs temperature-driven proglacial fluvial dynamics.}, language = {en} } @article{NdashimyeHebieTjaden2022, author = {Ndashimye, Felix and Hebie, Oumarou and Tjaden, Jasper}, title = {Effectiveness of WhatsApp for measuring migration in follow-up phone surveys}, series = {Social science computer review}, journal = {Social science computer review}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0894-4393}, doi = {10.1177/08944393221111340}, pages = {20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Phone surveys have increasingly become important data collection tools in developing countries, particularly in the context of sudden contact restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, there is limited evidence regarding the potential of the messenger service WhatsApp for remote data collection despite its large global coverage and expanding membership. WhatsApp may offer advantages in terms of reducing panel attrition and cutting survey costs. WhatsApp may offer additional benefits to migration scholars interested in cross-border migration behavior which is notoriously difficult to measure using conventional face-to-face surveys. In this field experiment, we compared the response rates between WhatsApp and interactive voice response (IVR) modes using a sample of 8446 contacts in Senegal and Guinea. At 12\%, WhatsApp survey response rates were nearly eight percentage points lower than IVR survey response rates. However, WhatsApp offers higher survey completion rates, substantially lower costs and does not introduce more sample selection bias compared to IVR. We discuss the potential of WhatsApp surveys in low-income contexts and provide practical recommendations for field implementation.}, language = {en} } @article{FuehnerGranacherGolleetal.2022, author = {F{\"u}hner, Thea Heidi and Granacher, Urs and Golle, Kathleen and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Effect of timing of school enrollment on physical fitness in third graders}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-11710-x}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Timing of initial school enrollment may vary considerably for various reasons such as early or delayed enrollment, skipped or repeated school classes. Accordingly, the age range within school grades includes older-(OTK) and younger-than-keyage (YTK) children. Hardly any information is available on the impact of timing of school enrollment on physical fitness. There is evidence from a related research topic showing large differences in academic performance between OTK and YTK children versus keyage children. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare physical fitness of OTK (N = 26,540) and YTK (N = 2586) children versus keyage children (N = 108,295) in a representative sample of German third graders. Physical fitness tests comprised cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, lower, and upper limbs muscle power. Predictions of physical fitness performance for YTK and OTK children were estimated using data from keyage children by taking age, sex, school, and assessment year into account. Data were annually recorded between 2011 and 2019. The difference between observed and predicted z-scores yielded a delta z-score that was used as a dependent variable in the linear mixed models. Findings indicate that OTK children showed poorer performance compared to keyage children, especially in coordination, and that YTK children outperformed keyage children, especially in coordination. Teachers should be aware that OTK children show poorer physical fitness performance compared to keyage children.}, language = {en} } @article{FigueroaCamposGKTKruizengaSaguTchewonpietal.2022, author = {Figueroa Campos, Gustavo Adolfo and G. K. T. Kruizenga, Johannes and Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel and Schwarz, Steffen and Homann, Thomas and Taubert, Andreas and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal}, title = {Effect of the post-harvest processing on protein modification in green coffee beans by phenolic compounds}, series = {Foods : open access journal}, volume = {11}, journal = {Foods : open access journal}, edition = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Schweiz}, issn = {2304-8158}, doi = {10.3390/foods11020159}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The protein fraction, important for coffee cup quality, is modified during post-harvest treatment prior to roasting. Proteins may interact with phenolic compounds, which constitute the major metabolites of coffee, where the processing affects these interactions. This allows the hypothesis that the proteins are denatured and modified via enzymatic and/or redox activation steps. The present study was initiated to encompass changes in the protein fraction. The investigations were limited to major storage protein of green coffee beans. Fourteen Coffea arabica samples from various processing methods and countries were used. Different extraction protocols were compared to maintain the status quo of the protein modification. The extracts contained about 4-8 µg of chlorogenic acid derivatives per mg of extracted protein. High-resolution chromatography with multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect lysine modifications in the coffee protein. Marker peptides were allocated for the storage protein of the coffee beans. Among these, the modified peptides K.FFLANGPQQGGK.E and R.LGGK.T of the α-chain and R.ITTVNSQK.I and K.VFDDEVK.Q of β-chain were detected. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of modified peptides from wet processed green beans as compared to the dry ones. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the influence of the different processing methods on protein quality and its role in the scope of coffee cup quality and aroma. View Full-Text}, language = {en} } @article{KrstulovićRosaFerreiraSanchezetal.2022, author = {Krstulović, Marija and Rosa, Angelika D. and Ferreira Sanchez, Dario and Libon, L{\´e}lia and Albers, Christian and Merkulova, Margarita and Grolimund, Daniel and Irifune, Tetsuo and Wilke, Max}, title = {Effect of temperature on the densification of silicate melts to lower earth's mantle conditions}, series = {Physics of the earth and planetary interiors}, volume = {323}, journal = {Physics of the earth and planetary interiors}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0031-9201}, doi = {10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106823}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Physical properties of silicate melts play a key role for global planetary dynamics, controlling for example volcanic eruption styles, mantle convection and elemental cycling in the deep Earth. They are significantly modified by structural changes at the atomic scale due to external parameters such as pressure and temperature or due to chemistry. Structural rearrangements such as 4- to 6-fold coordination change of Si with increasing depth may profoundly influence melt properties, but have so far mostly been studied at ambient temperature due to experimental difficulties. In order to investigate the structural properties of silicate melts and their densification mechanisms at conditions relevant to the deep Earth's interior, we studied haplo basaltic glasses and melts (albite-diopside composition) at high pressure and temperature conditions in resistively and laser-heated diamond anvil cells using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Samples were doped with 10 wt\% of Ge, which is accessible with this experimental technique and which commonly serves as a structural analogue for the network forming cation Si. We acquired spectra on the Ge K edge up to 48 GPa and 5000 K and derived the average Ge-O coordination number NGe-O, and bond distance RGe-O as functions of pressure. Our results demonstrate a continuous transformation from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination between ca. 5 and 30 GPa at ambient temperature. Above 1600 K the data reveal a reduction of the pressure needed to complete conversion to octahedral coordination by ca. 30 \%. The results allow us to determine the influence of temperature on the Si coordination number changes in natural melts in the Earth's interior. We propose that the complete transition to octahedral coordination in basaltic melts is reached at about 40 GPa, corresponding to a depth of ca. 1200 km in the uppermost lower mantle. At the core-mantle boundary (2900 km, 130 GPa, 3000 K) the existence of non-buoyant melts has been proposed to explain observed low seismic wave velocity features. Our results highlight that the melt composition can affect the melt density at such extreme conditions and may strongly influence the structural response.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerMuellerStolletal.2022, author = {Mueller, Steffen and Mueller, Juliane and Stoll, Josefine and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Effect of six-week resistance and sensorimotor training on trunk strength and stability in elite adolescent athletes}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.802315}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime.}, language = {en} } @article{ArntzMkaouerMarkovetal.2022, author = {Arntz, Fabian and Mkaouer, Bessem and Markov, Adrian and Schoenfeld, Brad and Moran, Jason and Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo and Behrens, Martin and Baumert, Philipp and Erskine, Robert M. and Hauser, Lukas and Chaabene, Helmi}, title = {Effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals}, series = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, edition = {888464}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.888464}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1-15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95\% CIs = 0.23-0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95\% CIs = 0.18-0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95\% CIs = 0.16-0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95\% CIs = 0.66-0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95\% CIs = -0.25-1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95\% CIs = 0.16-0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95\% CIs = 0.59-0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [β = 0.3233 (95\% CIs = 0.2041-0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [β = -0.0133 to 0.0433 (95\% CIs = -0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101-0.751]. Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations.}, language = {en} } @article{ChaabeneMarkovPrieskeetal.2022, author = {Chaabene, Helmi and Markov, Adrian and Prieske, Olaf and Moran, Jason and Behrens, Martin and Negra, Yassine and Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo and Koch, Ulrike and Mkaouer, Bessem}, title = {Effect of flywheel versus traditional resistance training on change of direction performance in male athletes}, series = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH}, volume = {19}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1661-7827}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127061}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of flywheel resistance training (FRT) versus traditional resistance training (TRT) on change of direction (CoD) performance in male athletes. Methods: Five databases were screened up to December 2021. Results: Seven studies were included. The results indicated a significantly larger effect of FRT compared with TRT (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.64). A within-group comparison indicated a significant large effect of FRT on CoD performance (SMD = 1.63). For TRT, a significant moderate effect was observed (SMD = 0.62). FRT of <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a significant large effect (SMD = 1.33), whereas no significant effect was noted for >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a significant large effect of <= 12 FRT sessions (SMD = 1.83) was observed, with no effect of >12 sessions. Regarding TRT, no significant effects of any of the training factors were detected (p > 0.05). Conclusions: FRT appears to be more effective than TRT in improving CoD performance in male athletes. Independently computed single training factor analyses for FRT indicated that <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a larger effect on CoD performance than >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a total of <= 12 FRT sessions induced a larger effect than >12 training sessions. Practitioners in sports, in which accelerative and decelerative actions occur in quick succession to change direction, should regularly implement FRT.}, language = {en} } @article{Titov2022, author = {Titov, Evgenii}, title = {Effect of conformational disorder on exciton states of an azobenzene aggregate}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {24}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, number = {39}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/d2cp02774g}, pages = {24002 -- 24006}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Azobenzene is a prototypical molecular photoswitch, widely used to trigger a variety of transformations at different length scales. In systems like self-assembled monolayers or micelles, azobenzene chromophores may interact with each other, which gives rise to the emergence of exciton states. Here, using first-principles calculations, we investigate how conformational disorder (induced, e.g., by thermal fluctuations) affects localization of these states, on an example of an H-type azobenzene tetramer. We find that conformational disorder leads to (partial) exciton localization on a single-geometry level, whereas ensemble-averaging results in a delocalized picture. The pi pi* and n pi* excitons at high and low temperatures are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{HafnerHommelKayhanetal.2022, author = {Hafner, Verena and Hommel, Bernhard and Kayhan, Ezgi and Lee, Dongheui and Paulus, Markus and Verschoor, Stephan}, title = {Editorial: The mechanisms underlying the human minimal self}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961480}, pages = {4}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{MazzoneWachsFoodyetal.2022, author = {Mazzone, Angela and Wachs, Sebastian and Foody, Mairead and Blaya, Catherine}, title = {Editorial: A connected or isolated generation?}, series = {Frontiers in education}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in education}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2022.999028}, pages = {3}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{StockhorstOverhoffCorfield2022, author = {Stockhorst, Stefanie and Overhoff, J{\"u}rgen and Corfield, Penelope J.}, title = {Editorial Introduction}, series = {Human-animal interactions in the eighteenth century : from pests and predators to pets, poems and philosophy}, journal = {Human-animal interactions in the eighteenth century : from pests and predators to pets, poems and philosophy}, editor = {Stockhorst, Stefanie and Overhoff, J{\"u}rgen and Corfield, Penelope J.}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, isbn = {978-90-04-49539-5}, doi = {10.1163/9789004495395_002}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{LichtKelsonBergeletal.2022, author = {Licht, Alexis and Kelson, Julia and Bergel, Shelly J. and Schauer, Andrew J. and Petersen, Sierra Victoria and Capirala, Ashika and Huntington, Katharine W. and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume and Win, Zaw and Aung, Day Wa}, title = {Dynamics of pedogenic carbonate growth in the tropical domain of Myanmar}, series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems}, volume = {23}, journal = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1525-2027}, doi = {10.1029/2021GC009929}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Pedogenic carbonate is widespread at mid latitudes where warm and dry conditions favor soil carbonate growth from spring to fall. The mechanisms and timing of pedogenic carbonate formation are more ambiguous in the tropical domain, where long periods of soil water saturation and high soil respiration enhance calcite dissolution. This paper provides stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope values from Quaternary and Miocene pedogenic carbonates in the tropical domain of Myanmar, in areas characterized by warm (>18°C) winters and annual rainfall up to 1,700 mm. We show that carbonate growth in Myanmar is delayed to the driest and coldest months of the year by sustained monsoonal rainfall from mid spring to late fall. The range of isotopic variability in Quaternary pedogenic carbonates can be solely explained by temporal changes of carbonate growth within the dry season, from winter to early spring. We propose that high soil moisture year-round in the tropical domain narrows carbonate growth to the driest months and makes it particularly sensitive to the seasonal distribution of rainfall. This sensitivity is also enabled by high winter temperatures, allowing carbonate growth to occur outside the warmest months of the year. This high sensitivity is expected to be more prominent in the geological record during times with higher temperatures and greater expansion of the tropical realm. Clumped isotope temperatures, δ13C and δ18O values of tropical pedogenic carbonates are impacted by changes of both rainfall seasonality and surface temperatures; this sensitivity can potentially be used to track past tropical rainfall distribution.}, language = {en} } @article{ZeitzHaackerDongesetal.2022, author = {Zeitz, Maria and Haacker, Jan M. and Donges, Jonathan and Albrecht, Torsten and Winkelmann, Ricarda}, title = {Dynamic regimes of the Greenland Ice Sheet emerging from interacting melt-elevation and glacial isostatic adjustment feedbacks}, series = {Earth system dynamics}, volume = {13}, journal = {Earth system dynamics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Copernicus Publ.}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {2190-4979}, doi = {10.5194/esd-13-1077-2022}, pages = {1077 -- 1096}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet under global warming is governed by a number of dynamic processes and interacting feedback mechanisms in the ice sheet, atmosphere and solid Earth. Here we study the long-term effects due to the interplay of the competing melt-elevation and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) feedbacks for different temperature step forcing experiments with a coupled ice-sheet and solid-Earth model. Our model results show that for warming levels above 2 degrees C, Greenland could become essentially ice-free within several millennia, mainly as a result of surface melting and acceleration of ice flow. These ice losses are mitigated, however, in some cases with strong GIA feedback even promoting an incomplete recovery of the Greenland ice volume. We further explore the full-factorial parameter space determining the relative strengths of the two feedbacks: our findings suggest distinct dynamic regimes of the Greenland Ice Sheets on the route to destabilization under global warming - from incomplete recovery, via quasi-periodic oscillations in ice volume to ice-sheet collapse. In the incomplete recovery regime, the initial ice loss due to warming is essentially reversed within 50 000 years, and the ice volume stabilizes at 61 \%-93 \% of the present-day volume. For certain combinations of temperature increase, atmospheric lapse rate and mantle viscosity, the interaction of the GIA feedback and the melt-elevation feedback leads to self-sustained, long-term oscillations in ice-sheet volume with oscillation periods between 74 000 and over 300 000 years and oscillation amplitudes between 15 \%-70 \% of present-day ice volume. This oscillatory regime reveals a possible mode of internal climatic variability in the Earth system on timescales on the order of 100 000 years that may be excited by or synchronized with orbital forcing or interact with glacial cycles and other slow modes of variability. Our findings are not meant as scenario-based near-term projections of ice losses but rather providing insight into of the feedback loops governing the "deep future" and, thus, long-term resilience of the Greenland Ice Sheet.}, language = {en} }