@article{ElbeBeckmannSzymanski2003,
  author    = {Elbe, Anne-Marie and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen and Szymanski, Birgit},
  title     = {The Dropout Phenomenon at elite sport schools : a problem of self-regulation},
  isbn      = {84- 9772-095-4},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElbeSzymanskiBeckmann2005,
  author    = {Elbe, Anne-Marie and Szymanski, Birgit and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The development of volition in young elite athletes},
  issn      = {1469-0292},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Objectives: To examine the development of volition in young athletes attending an elite sport school. Because volition is important for realising long and intense training loads during the course of an athletic career the question is if the context of a school for young elite athletes promotes its development. Design: Two studies are described, one with a cross-sectional (study 1) and another with a longitudinal design (study 2). Methods: In the cross-sectional study the volitional skills of 327 students attending a school for young elite athletes were analysed according to age and living situation (at home/in the boarding school). In the longitudinal study the development of volition of 63 young elite athletes was compared to that of 122 non-athletic students attending a regular school. In both studies volition is measured with the Volitional Components Questionnaire (VCQ II). On the basis of a factor analysis conducted in study 1, two factors could be identified, namely self-optimisation, which includes skills needed to achieve goals, and self- impediment, which includes skills addressed in stress situations. Results: Study 1 suggests that self-impediment shows a development and that volitional skills develop more favourably in athletes living in the boarding school. These results are confirmed by the longitudinal study. The second study additionally shows that volitional skills concerning self- optimisation develop more favourably in the young elite athletes when compared to regular students. Conclusion: Only advantages concerning the development of volition in students attending a school for young elite athletes were found. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WenholdElbe2008,
  author    = {Wenhold, Franziska and Elbe, Anne-Marie},
  title     = {The influence of the sport type on the development of the sport specific achievement motive in young elite athletes},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WenholdBeckmannElbeetal.2008,
  author    = {Wenhold, Franziska and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Ehrlenspiel, Felix},
  title     = {Testing achievement motivation and volition in sport},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElbeStrahlerKrustrupetal.2010,
  author    = {Elbe, Anne-Marie and Strahler, Katharina and Krustrup, Peter and Wikman, Johan and Stelter, Reinhard},
  title     = {Experiencing flow in different types of physical activity intervention programs : three randomized studies},
  issn      = {0905-7188},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01112.x},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This study explores whether inactive individuals can experience flow, a rewarding, psychological state, during an exercise intervention and if there are differences according to the type of intervention they perform. Furthermore, the study investigates if experiencing flow is connected to physiological improvements attained during the exercise intervention. The 12- to 16-week interventions included six randomized intervention groups, two female and four male groups performing continuous running, football, interval running and strength training. The results indicate that all six randomized exercise intervention groups experience rather high levels of flow regardless of whether the intervention is a team or individual sport. Differences in experiencing flow, worry and exertion as well as physiological improvements could be found for the different types of sports and the two genders, with the male football group having the highest score for physiological improvement and the lowest score for worry. A connection between experiencing flow and physiological improvement could not be found. Future research should investigate the influence that the participant's gender and also the type of sport have on experiencing flow, worry and perceived exertion. Furthermore, it should be investigated whether experiencing flow is linked to the long-term compliance of regular physical activity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElbeBrand2016,
  author    = {Elbe, Anne-Marie and Brand, Ralf},
  title     = {Attitudes Toward Doping},
  series = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1050-8422},
  doi       = {10.1080/10508422.2014.976864},
  pages     = {32 -- 44},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {This article examines whether a training program in ethical decision making can change young athletes' doping attitudes. Fifty-two young elite athletes were randomly assigned to either an ethical decision-making training group or a standard-knowledge-based educational program group. Another 17 young elite athletes were recruited for no-treatment control purposes. The ethical decision-making training comprised six 30-min online sessions in which the participants had to work through 18 ethical dilemmas related to doping. The standard-knowledge-based educational program was also conducted in six online sessions of comparable length to that of the ethical training. A short version of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale was administered to measure the effects of the trainings on doping attitude. Prior to as well as after the intervention, the mean doping attitude scores of the young athletes were low to very low, indicating vehement rejections of doping. The results of our experiment showed that the ethical training led to an attenuation of these rejections. No intervention effect was found in the standard education group. The observed slight increase in the doping attitude score could be an indication that the ethical decision-making training was successful in breaking up the athletes' stereotypical style of reasoning about doping.},
  language  = {en}
}