@phdthesis{Wisehart2016, author = {Wisehart, Daniel}, title = {Drug Control and International Law}, series = {Routledge Research in International Law}, journal = {Routledge Research in International Law}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-138-48604-1}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 232}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This book provides for an extensive legal analysis of the international drug control system in light of the growing challenges and criticism that this system faces. In the current debate on global drug policy, the central pillars of the international drug control system - the UN Drug Conventions as well as its institutions - are portrayed as outdated, suppressive and seen as an obstacle to necessary changes. The book's objective is to provide an in-depth and positivist insight into drug control's present legal framework and thus provide for a better understanding of the normative assumptions upon which drug control is currently based. This is attained by clarifying the objectives of the international drug control system and the premises by which these objectives are to be achieved. The objective of the current global framework of international drug control is the limitation of drugs to medical and scientific purposes. The meaning of this objective and its concrete implications for States' parties as well as its problems from the perspective of other regimes of international law, most notably international human rights law, are extensively analysed. Additionally, the book focuses on how the international drug control system attempts to reach the objective of confining drugs to medical and scientific purposes, i.e. by setting up a universal system that exercises a rigid control on drug supply. The consequences of this heavy focus on the reduction of drug supply are outlined, and the book concludes by making suggestions on how the international drug control system could be reformed in the near future in order to better meet the existing challenges. The analysis occurs from a general international law perspective. It aims to map the international drug control system within a wider context of international law and to understand whether the problems that the international drug control system faces are exemplary for the difficulties that institutionalized systems of global scope face in the twenty-first century.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Entrich2016, author = {Entrich, Steve R.}, title = {Shadow education and social inequalities in Japan}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-69118-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxv, 309}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on 'shadow education' and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable. This book: • Is the first comprehensive empirical work on the implications of shadow education for educational and social inequalities. • Draws on quantitative and qualitative data and uses mixed-methods. • Has major implications for sociological, international and comparative research on the topic. • Introduces a general theoretical frame to help future research in approaching this under-theorized field.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nicenboim2016, author = {Nicenboim, Bruno}, title = {Dependency resolution as a retrieval process}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiv, 209}, year = {2016}, abstract = {My thesis focused on the predictions of the activation-based model of Lewis and Vasishth (2005) to investigate the evidence for the use of the memory system in the formation of non-local dependencies in sentence comprehension. The activation-based model, which follows the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational framework (ACT-R; Anderson et al., 2004), has been used to explain locality effects and similarity-based interference by assuming that dependencies are resolved by a cue-based retrieval mechanism, and that the retrieval mechanism is affected by decay and interference. Both locality effects and (inhibitory) similarity-based interference cause increased difficulty (e.g., longer reading times) at the site of the dependency completion where a retrieval is assumed: (I) Locality effects are attributed to the increased difficulty in the retrieval of a dependent when the distance from its retrieval site is increased. (II) Similarity-based interference is attributed to the retrieval being affected by the presence of items which have similar features as the dependent that needs to be retrieved. In this dissertation, I investigated some findings problematic to the activation-based model, namely, facilitation where locality effects are expected (e.g., Levy, 2008), and the lack of similarity-based interference from the number feature in grammatical sentences (e.g., Wagers et al., 2009). In addition, I used individual differences in working memory capacity and reading fluency as a way to validate the theories investigated (Underwood, 1975), and computational modeling to achieve a more precise account of the phenomena. Regarding locality effects, by using self-paced reading and eye-tracking-while reading methods with Spanish and German data, this dissertation yielded two main findings: (I) Locality effects seem to be modulated by working memory capacity, with high-capacity participants showing expectation-driven facilitation. (II) Once expectations and other potential confounds are controlled using baselines, with increased distance, high-capacity readers can show a slow-down (i.e., locality effects) and low-capacity readers can show a speedup. While the locality effects are compatible with the activation-based model, simulations show that the speedup of low-capacity readers can only be accounted for by changing some of the assumptions of the activation-based model. Regarding similarity-based interference, two relatively high-powered self-paced reading experiments in German using grammatical sentences yielded a slowdown at the verb as predicted by the activation-based model. This provides evidence in favor of dependency creation via cue-based retrieval, and in contrast with the view that cue-based retrieval is a reanalysis mechanism (Wagers et al., 2009). Finally, the same experimental results that showed inhibitory interference from the number feature are used for a finer grain evaluation of the retrieval process. Besides Lewis and Vasishth's (2005) activation-based model, also McElree's (2000) direct-access model can account for inhibitory interference. These two models assume a cue-based retrieval mechanism to build dependencies, but they are based on different assumptions. I present a computational evaluation of the predictions of these two theories of retrieval. The models were compared by implementing them in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. The evaluation of the models reveals that some aspects of the data fit better under the direct access model than under the activation-based model. However, a simple extension of the activation-based model provides a comparable fit to the direct access model. This serves as a proof of concept showing potential ways to improve the original activation-based model. In conclusion, this thesis adds to the body of evidence that argues for the use of the general memory system in dependency resolution, and in particular for a cue-based retrieval mechanism. However, it also shows that some of the default assumptions inherited from ACT-R in the activation-based model need to be revised.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brzezinka2016, author = {Brzezinka, Krzysztof}, title = {Chromatin dynamics during heat stress memory in plants}, pages = {140}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Cheng2016, author = {Cheng, Yuan}, title = {Recursive state estimation in dynamical systems}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {84}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Marx2016, author = {Marx, Robert}, title = {A quantitative model of spatial correlations in parametric down conversion for investigating complementarity at a double slit}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {135}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mengin2016, author = {Mengin, Virginie}, title = {Role of the clock in the regulation of growth and metabolism in stable and fluctuating environmental conditions}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {284}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wang2016, author = {Wang, Cheng}, title = {Deep Learning of Multimodal Representations}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {142}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Xu2016, author = {Xu, Ke}, title = {Functional characterization of two MYB transcription factors, MYB95 and MYB47, in Arabidopsis thaliana}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {108}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ArmaregoMarriott2016, author = {Armarego-Marriott, Tegan}, title = {From dark to light}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {158}, year = {2016}, language = {en} }