@article{LeuschnerBondueAllroggenetal.2016,
  author    = {Leuschner, Vincenz and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Allroggen, Marc and Scheithauer, Herbert},
  title     = {Leaking: Frequency and correlates of announcements and threats of homicidal violence reported by Berlin schools between 1996 and 2007},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {Bern},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000423},
  pages     = {208 -- 219},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Threats and announcements of homicidal violence at schools may have massive consequences like evacuations, police searches, criminal investigations, or loss of the sense of security by students, teachers, and parents. However, there is a lack of systematic studies about that phenomenon. The present article would like to contribute to closing the research gap. It presents results about the frequency and structure of threats and announcements of homicidal violence in schools in Berlin. The study is based on an official dataset from school administration reports of violent acts in Berlin schools which has been studied within the Berlin Leaking-Projekt. The sample consists of 427 threats and announcements of homicidal violence between 1996 and 2007. The study is an exceptional analysis of the phenomenon: it presents crosscutting results about frequency and characteristics of threats and the threatening students as well as results of a longitudinal analysis about the development of threats and announcements. Results show a rate of 0,3 threats and announcements per 1 000 student and year. During the observation time span a steady increase of threats and announcements - year by year, influenced by imitation effects after school shootings - has been observed.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{BondueScheithauer2016,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Scheithauer, Herbert},
  title     = {Narcissistic symptoms in German school shooters},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {392},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404452},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {School shooters are often described as narcissistic, but empirical evidence is scant. To provide more reliable and detailed information, we conducted an exploratory study, analyzing police investigation files on seven school shootings in Germany, looking for symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) in witnesses' and offenders' reports and expert psychological evaluations. Three out of four offenders who had been treated for mental disorders prior to the offenses displayed detached symptoms of narcissism, but none was diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. Of the other three, two displayed narcissistic traits. In one case, the number of symptoms would have justified a diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder. Offenders showed low and high self-esteem and a range of other mental disorders. Thus, narcissism is not a common characteristic of school shooters, but possibly more frequent than in the general population. This should be considered in developing adequate preventive and intervention measures.},
  language  = {en}
}