@phdthesis{Froehlich2016, author = {Fr{\"o}hlich, Paul}, title = {"Der unterirdische Kampf"}, series = {Krieg in der Geschichte}, journal = {Krieg in der Geschichte}, number = {108}, publisher = {Ferdinand Sch{\"o}ningh}, address = {Paderborn}, isbn = {978-3-506-78873-3}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XI, 508}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die milit{\"a}rische R{\"u}stungsb{\"u}rokratie zwischen Niederlage des Deutschen Kaiserreiches und ›Totalem Krieg‹ der NS-Diktatur - in dieses Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis begibt sich der Autor. Er untersucht, wie die Fachleute des Wehrwirtschafts- und R{\"u}stungsamtes die Mobilisierung planten - und dabei scheiterten. Bereits kurze Zeit nach der deutschen Niederlage von 1918 wurden die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte der Kriegf{\"u}hrung wieder von einem kleinen, hochprofessionellen Offizierskreis diskutiert. Sie nahmen Gedanken aus der Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges auf und forderten in der Reichswehr und noch st{\"a}rker in der Wehrmacht die Steuerungshoheit des Milit{\"a}rs {\"u}ber die kriegsrelevante Wirtschaft. Ihre Planungen und Maßnahmen waren nicht nur im Offizierkorps selbst umstritten, sondern unterlagen letztlich auch den Widerst{\"a}nden der Privatwirtschaft und den Interessen von NS-Parteigr{\"o}ßen. Entlang dieser Fronten beschreibt der Autor eine milit{\"a}rische Organisation von ihrem Aufbau 1924 bis zu ihrer ›Zerschlagung‹ durch Albert Speer 1942. Dabei nimmt er auch das alles andere als eindeutige Verhalten des F{\"u}hrungspersonals im Amt in den Blick.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nicolai2016, author = {Nicolai, Johann Nils}, title = {"Seid mutig und aufrecht!"}, series = {Potsdamer j{\"u}dische Studien ; 1}, journal = {Potsdamer j{\"u}dische Studien ; 1}, publisher = {be.bra}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-95410-072-9}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {314}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Der 'Centralverein deutscher Staatsb{\"u}rger j{\"u}dischen Glaubens' (C.V.) wurde 1893 in Berlin gegr{\"u}ndet. Sein T{\"a}tigkeitsschwerpunkt lag urspr{\"u}nglich auf dem Gebiet des Rechtsschutzes gegen antisemitische Diskriminierungen. Eine zweite S{\"a}ule seiner Arbeit war die Aufkl{\"a}rung der Nichtjuden {\"u}ber das 'wahre Wesen' des Judentums. Johann Nicolai analysiert in diesem Band unter Auswertung der Moskauer Archivbest{\"a}nde die Entwicklung des Vereins von 1933 bis zu seiner Aufl{\"o}sung im Jahr 1938. Im Mittelpunkt der Studie steht die Frage, wie der Centralverein die Fortsetzung seiner Arbeit gegen{\"u}ber seinen Mitgliedern begr{\"u}ndete, obwohl im Nationalsozialismus die grundlegenden B{\"u}rgerrechte f{\"u}r die deutschen Juden, die er urspr{\"u}nglich verteidigen wollte, nicht mehr gew{\"a}hrleistet waren. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Wandlung des Centralvereins nach den N{\"u}rnberger Gesetzen und der darauf erfolgten Umbenennung und Umstrukturierung. Wesentlicher Bestandteil ist auch die Auseinandersetzung mit der j{\"u}dischen Emigration nach {\"U}bersee. Nicolai zeigt auf, dass es bis tief in die 1930er-Jahre hinein starke Spannungen im deutschen Judentum gab.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lontsi2016, author = {Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios}, title = {1D shallow sedimentary subsurface imaging using ambient noise and active seismic data}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103807}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xix, 119}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The Earth's shallow subsurface with sedimentary cover acts as a waveguide to any incoming wavefield. Within the framework of my thesis, I focused on the characterization of this shallow subsurface within tens to few hundreds of meters of sediment cover. I imaged the seismic 1D shear wave velocity (and possibly the 1D compressional wave velocity). This information is not only required for any seismic risk assessment, geotechnical engineering or microzonation activities, but also for exploration and global seismology where site effects are often neglected in seismic waveform modeling. First, the conventional frequency-wavenumber (f - k) technique is used to derive the dispersion characteristic of the propagating surface waves recorded using distinct arrays of seismometers in 1D and 2D configurations. Further, the cross-correlation technique is applied to seismic array data to estimate the Green's function between receivers pairs combination assuming one is the source and the other the receiver. With the consideration of a 1D media, the estimated cross-correlation Green's functions are sorted with interstation distance in a virtual 1D active seismic experiment. The f - k technique is then used to estimate the dispersion curves. This integrated analysis is important for the interpretation of a large bandwidth of the phase velocity dispersion curves and therefore improving the resolution of the estimated 1D Vs profile. Second, the new theoretical approach based on the Diffuse Field Assumption (DFA) is used for the interpretation of the observed microtremors H/V spectral ratio. The theory is further extended in this research work to include not only the interpretation of the H/V measured at the surface, but also the H/V measured at depths and in marine environments. A modeling and inversion of synthetic H/V spectral ratio curves on simple predefined geological structures shows an almost perfect recovery of the model parameters (mainly Vs and to a lesser extent Vp). These results are obtained after information from a receiver at depth has been considered in the inversion. Finally, the Rayleigh wave phase velocity information, estimated from array data, and the H/V(z, f) spectral ratio, estimated from a single station data, are combined and inverted for the velocity profile information. Obtained results indicate an improved depth resolution in comparison to estimations using the phase velocity dispersion curves only. The overall estimated sediment thickness is comparable to estimations obtained by inverting the full micortremor H/V spectral ratio.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Falter2016, author = {Falter, Daniela}, title = {A novel approach for large-scale flood risk assessments}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90239}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {95}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In the past, floods were basically managed by flood control mechanisms. The focus was set on the reduction of flood hazard. The potential consequences were of minor interest. Nowadays river flooding is increasingly seen from the risk perspective, including possible consequences. Moreover, the large-scale picture of flood risk became increasingly important for disaster management planning, national risk developments and the (re-) insurance industry. Therefore, it is widely accepted that risk-orientated flood management ap-proaches at the basin-scale are needed. However, large-scale flood risk assessment methods for areas of several 10,000 km² are still in early stages. Traditional flood risk assessments are performed reach wise, assuming constant probabilities for the entire reach or basin. This might be helpful on a local basis, but where large-scale patterns are important this approach is of limited use. Assuming a T-year flood (e.g. 100 years) for the entire river network is unrealistic and would lead to an overestimation of flood risk at the large scale. Due to the lack of damage data, additionally, the probability of peak discharge or rainfall is usually used as proxy for damage probability to derive flood risk. With a continuous and long term simulation of the entire flood risk chain, the spatial variability of probabilities could be consider and flood risk could be directly derived from damage data in a consistent way. The objective of this study is the development and application of a full flood risk chain, appropriate for the large scale and based on long term and continuous simulation. The novel approach of 'derived flood risk based on continuous simulations' is introduced, where the synthetic discharge time series is used as input into flood impact models and flood risk is directly derived from the resulting synthetic damage time series. The bottleneck at this scale is the hydrodynamic simu-lation. To find suitable hydrodynamic approaches for the large-scale a benchmark study with simplified 2D hydrodynamic models was performed. A raster-based approach with inertia formulation and a relatively high resolution of 100 m in combination with a fast 1D channel routing model was chosen. To investigate the suitability of the continuous simulation of a full flood risk chain for the large scale, all model parts were integrated into a new framework, the Regional Flood Model (RFM). RFM consists of the hydrological model SWIM, a 1D hydrodynamic river network model, a 2D raster based inundation model and the flood loss model FELMOps+r. Subsequently, the model chain was applied to the Elbe catchment, one of the largest catchments in Germany. For the proof-of-concept, a continuous simulation was per-formed for the period of 1990-2003. Results were evaluated / validated as far as possible with available observed data in this period. Although each model part introduced its own uncertainties, results and runtime were generally found to be adequate for the purpose of continuous simulation at the large catchment scale. Finally, RFM was applied to a meso-scale catchment in the east of Germany to firstly perform a flood risk assessment with the novel approach of 'derived flood risk assessment based on continuous simulations'. Therefore, RFM was driven by long term synthetic meteorological input data generated by a weather generator. Thereby, a virtual time series of climate data of 100 x 100 years was generated and served as input to RFM providing subsequent 100 x 100 years of spatially consistent river discharge series, inundation patterns and damage values. On this basis, flood risk curves and expected annual damage could be derived directly from damage data, providing a large-scale picture of flood risk. In contrast to traditional flood risk analysis, where homogenous return periods are assumed for the entire basin, the presented approach provides a coherent large-scale picture of flood risk. The spatial variability of occurrence probability is respected. Additionally, data and methods are consistent. Catchment and floodplain processes are repre-sented in a holistic way. Antecedent catchment conditions are implicitly taken into account, as well as physical processes like storage effects, flood attenuation or channel-floodplain interactions and related damage influencing effects. Finally, the simulation of a virtual period of 100 x 100 years and consequently large data set on flood loss events enabled the calculation of flood risk directly from damage distributions. Problems associated with the transfer of probabilities in rainfall or peak runoff to probabilities in damage, as often used in traditional approaches, are bypassed. RFM and the 'derived flood risk approach based on continuous simulations' has the potential to provide flood risk statements for national planning, re-insurance aspects or other questions where spatially consistent, large-scale assessments are required.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pellizzer2016, author = {Pellizzer, Tommaso}, title = {A novel approach to identify plastidic factors for plastome genome incompatibility and evidence for the central involvement of the chloroplast in leaf shaping}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {136}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rackwitz2016, author = {Rackwitz, Jenny}, title = {A novel approach to study low-energy electron-induced damage to DNA oligonucleotides}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Marx2016, author = {Marx, Robert}, title = {A quantitative model of spatial correlations in parametric down conversion for investigating complementarity at a double slit}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {135}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schumacher2016, author = {Schumacher, Reinhard}, title = {Adam Smith, foreign trade and economic development}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {143}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Geyer2016, author = {Geyer, Juliane}, title = {Adapting biodiversity conservation management to climate change}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {198}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Raeling2016, author = {R{\"a}ling, Romy}, title = {Age of acquisition and semantic typicality effects}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95943}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 133}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Age of acquisition (AOA) is a psycholinguistic variable that significantly influences behavioural measures (response times and accuracy rates) in tasks that require lexical and semantic processing. Its origin is - unlike the origin of semantic typicality (TYP), which is assumed at the semantic level - controversially discussed. Different theories propose AOA effects to originate either at the semantic level or at the link between semantics and phonology (lemma-level). The dissertation aims at investigating the influence of AOA and its interdependence with the semantic variable TYP on particularly semantic processing in order to pinpoint the origin of AOA effects. Therefore, three studies have been conducted that considered the variables AOA and TYP in semantic processing tasks (category verifications and animacy decisions) by means of behavioural and partly electrophysiological (ERP) data and in different populations (healthy young and elderly participants and in semantically impaired individuals with aphasia (IWA)). The behavioural and electrophysiological data of the three studies provide evidence for distinct processing levels of the variables AOA and TYP. The data further support previous assumptions on a semantic origin for TYP but question the same for AOA. The findings, however, support an origin of AOA effects at the transition between the word form (phonology) and the semantic level that can be captured at the behavioural but not at the electrophysiological level.}, language = {en} }