@article{Wobbe2012, author = {Wobbe, Theresa}, title = {Making up People occupational classification patterns, gendered categorization, and economic inclusion around 1900 in Germany}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {41}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Lucius \& Lucius}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0340-1804}, pages = {41 -- 57}, year = {2012}, abstract = {According to gender and labor market research, differentiation of male and female work is not primarily grounded in specific tasks but rather rooted in male and female features attributed to work. In this paper, the effects of classification patterns are related to the categories used in occupational statistics. According to this argument statistical patterns contribute to gradual processes of inclusion into society by categorizing people. Put more precisely, this process of "making up people" (Hacking 1986) is conflated with gendered views of persons. This conceptual conflation is examined in the historical context of emerging occupational statistics, social sciences, and law in Germany around 1900. Inasmuch as statistical observation differentiated between economically productive and non-productive work, gendered distinctions were deeply encoded in its categories. These distinctions were institutionalized by means of the social scientific definition of role models as well as legal codification. In the conclusion, the sociology of knowledge approach followed in this paper is extended toward a discussion of broader questions of inclusion and gender inequality. In order to explain the persistence of gendered classifications in the organization of work in society, further gender inequality research needs to account for the enduring social evidence and symbolic relevance of sex classifications at the meso and macro levels.}, language = {de} } @article{CasselMuellerCarlsohnetal.2012, author = {Cassel, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Carlsohn, Anja and Baur, Heiner and Jerusel, N. and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Intra- and interrater variability of sonographic investigations of patella and achilles tendons}, series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, volume = {26}, journal = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, number = {1}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0932-0555}, doi = {10.1055/s-0031-1281839}, pages = {21 -- 26}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Clinical examinations of tendon disorders routinely include ultrasound examinations, despite the fact that availability of data concerning validity criteria of these measurements are limited. The present study therefore aims to evaluate the reliability of measurements of Achilles- and Patella tendon diameter and in the detection of structural adaptations. Materials and Methods: In 14 healthy, recreationally active subjects both asymptomatic Achilles (AT) and patella tendons (PT) were measured twice by two examiners in a test-retest design. Besides the detection of anteroposterior (a.p.-) and mediolateral (m.l.-) diameters, areas of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation were registered. Data were analysed descriptively with calculation of test-retest variability (TRV), intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman's plots with bias and 95\% limits of agreement (LOA). Results: Intra- and interrater differences of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameter varied from 0.2 - 1.2 mm, those of AT- and PT-m.l-diameter from 0.7-5.1 mm. Areas of hypoechogenicity were visible in 24\% of the tendons, while 15\% showed neovascularisations. Intrarater AT-a.p.-diameters showed sparse deviations (TRV 4.5-7.4\%; ICC 0.60-0.84; bias -0.05-0.07 mm; LOA-0.6-0.5 to -1.1 - 1.0 mm), while interrater AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters were highly variable (TRV 13.7-19.7\%; ICC 0.11-0.20; bias -1.4-4.3 mm; LOA-5.5-2.7 to -10.5 - 1.9 mm). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the measurement of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameters is a reliable parameter. In contrast, reproducibility of AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters is questionable. The study corroborates the presence of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation in asymptomatic tendons.}, language = {de} } @unpublished{BaurHoffmannReichmuthetal.2012, author = {Baur, Heiner and Hoffmann, Jan and Reichmuth, Anne and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Influence of carbon fiber foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in cycling}, series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, volume = {26}, journal = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, number = {1}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0932-0555}, pages = {12 -- 17}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Several equipment interventions like optimizing seat position or optimizing shoe/insole/pedal interface are suggested to reduce overuse injury in cycling. Data analyzing clinical or biomechanical effects of those interventions is sparse. Foot orthoses out of carbon fiber are one possibility to alter the interface between foot and pedal. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze plantar pressure distribution in carbon fiber foot orthoses in comparison to standard insoles of commercially available cycling shoes. Materials and Methods: 11 pain-free triathletes (Age: 29 +/- 9, 1.77 +/- 0.04 m, 68 5 kg) were tested on a cycle ergometer at 60 and 90 rotations per minute (rpm) at workloads of 200 and 300 Watts. Subjects wore in randomized order a cycling shoe with its standard insole (control condition CO) or the shoe with carbon fiber foot orthoses (Condition CA). Mean peak pressure out of 30 movement cycles were extracted for the total foot and specific foot regions (rear, mid, fore foot (medial, central, lateral) and toe region). Three-factor ANOVAs (factor foot orthoses, rpm, workload) for repeated measures (alpha = 0.05) were used to analyze the main question of a foot orthoses effect on peak in-shoe plantar pressure. Results: Peak pressures in the total foot were in a range of 70-75 kPa for 200 Watts (W) (300 W: 85-110 kPa). The carbon fiber foot orthoses reduced peak pressures by -4,1\% compared to the standard insole (p = 0,10). In the foot regions rear(-16,6\%, p<0.001), mid (-20,0\%, p<0.001) and fore foot (-5.9\%, p < 0.03)CA reduced peak pressure compared to CO. In the toe region, peak pressure was higher in CA (+16,2\%) compared to CO (p<0,001). The lateral fore foot showed higher peak pressures in CA (+34\%) and CO (+59\%) compared to medial and central fore foot. Conclusion: Carbon fiber can serve as a suitable material for foot orthoses manufacturing in cycling. Plantar pressures do not increase due to the stiffness of the carbon. Individual customization may have the potential to reduce peak pressure in certain foot areas.}, language = {de} } @unpublished{Neumann2012, author = {Neumann, Mike}, title = {15 years younger chemists GDCh-Forum - the Future firmly in sight}, series = {Chemie in unserer Zeit}, volume = {46}, journal = {Chemie in unserer Zeit}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0009-2851}, doi = {10.1002/ciuz.201290028}, pages = {131 -- 131}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{HelbigBaierKroth2012, author = {Helbig, Marcel and Baier, Tina and Kroth, Anna}, title = {The Effect of Tuition Fees on Enrollment in Higher Education in Germany. Evidence from a Natural Experiment}, series = {ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIOLOGIE}, volume = {41}, journal = {ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIOLOGIE}, number = {3}, publisher = {LUCIUS LUCIUS VERLAG MBH}, address = {STUTTGART}, issn = {0340-1804}, pages = {227 -- 246}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In this paper we estimate the effect of tuition fees on the intentions of high school graduates in Germany to enroll in higher education. Based on representative survey data collected by the HIS institute between 2002 and 2008, we are able to analyze the effect of tuition fees using a quasi-experimental design. We take advantage of the variation between the German federal states in the introduction of tuition fees to examine the impact of tuition fees and employ a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. We do not find empirical evidence that tuition fees lower the intentions to enroll in higher education among high school graduates. This holds true for both the whole sample and for different subgroups, such as women or high school graduates with no family background of higher education.}, language = {de} } @article{SoyezReinhold2012, author = {Soyez, Konrad and Reinhold, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Biowaste treatment - recycling potential for humus reproduction}, series = {Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik}, volume = {84}, journal = {Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0009-286X}, doi = {10.1002/cite.201100247}, pages = {991 -- 998}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The majority of the annually accumulated 9 million t of organics in municipal solid waste is recycled. Amongst the technological options composting is most important. 15\% are treated by digestion and result in both biogas as a renewable energy source and organic residues. Compost contains considerable amounts of minerals and organic carbon which can substitute fertilizers including organic compounds. Application of compost for the reproduction of humus in soils is its most important effect. Scientifically, the applicability of the humus balancing method developed by VDLUFA is proven. It balances input and output of organic carbon during cultivation and harvest. Optimum level of humus which is a specific fixed value for each type of soils is therefore realized. An energy humus index is proposed, which may indicate preferred usage of organics as fertilizer or renewable energy source.}, language = {de} } @unpublished{KopetzkiSeeberger2012, author = {Kopetzki, Daniel and Seeberger, Peter H.}, title = {Photochemistry in fight against malaria}, series = {Nachrichten aus der Chemie : Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker}, volume = {60}, journal = {Nachrichten aus der Chemie : Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker}, number = {7-8}, publisher = {Ges. Dt. Chemiker}, address = {Frankfurt, Main}, issn = {1439-9598}, pages = {714 -- 717}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @unpublished{Mayer2012, author = {Mayer, Frank}, title = {Frequency of sport injuries and stress-related conditions in top-class Sport}, series = {Der Orthop{\"a}de}, volume = {41}, journal = {Der Orthop{\"a}de}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0085-4530}, doi = {10.1007/s00132-012-1971-2}, pages = {560 -- 560}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{LauterbachStroeing2012, author = {Lauterbach, Wolfgang and Stroeing, Miriam}, title = {Philanthropic behavior during lifetime and beyond death}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {22}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {0863-1808}, doi = {10.1007/s11609-012-0186-z}, pages = {217 -- 246}, year = {2012}, abstract = {As the number of rich people in Germany increases, it becomes more and more relevant to ask how they spend their wealth, because among other aspects being rich can be legitimized by social commitment. For example, responsibility can be shown by financial commitment or volunteering. Academic results not only show a rising number of people that are philanthropically active but also an increase in philanthropic behavior in the last two decades. Unlike it is stated in the American literature, social commitment of wealthy people has not yet gained currency in the German literature. In addition, it is little known about inheritance to society beside family transfers after death. Based on the data of the study "Vermogen in Deutschland" (ViD) (Wealth in Germany) the paper discusses these questions for the year 2008. The results reveal a considerably above-average commitment of wealthy households and people. Moreover, 41 \% of all respondents plan to fund a part of their wealth for public purposes and charity.}, language = {de} } @article{Struch2012, author = {Struch, Georg}, title = {A distributional analysis of recent reform proposals on the german income tax rate}, series = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik = Journal of economics and statistics}, volume = {232}, journal = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik = Journal of economics and statistics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Lucius \& Lucius}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0021-4027}, pages = {567 -- 588}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The present paper investigates potential fiscal and distributional effects which emerge due to four reform scenarios on the German income tax rate. The analysis is based on a static simulation model for the German tax system using income tax micro-data. The data shows that changing the present progressive tax system to a flat-tax, which was proposed by the FDP in 2010, could reduce the tax revenue by 15 billion Euro. Such a tax regime would increase the unequal distribution and polarisation of net incomes. The IW Koln suggested an alternative tax rate in 2008. This regime would increase unequal distribution and polarisation of disposable incomes to a greater extent than the FDP-tax rate. An implementation of this income tax scale would go along with losses in tax revenue of 18.8 billion Euro. Likewise, the implementation of a 2009 SPD tax rate proposal would reduce tax revenue by 14.8 billion Euro. Although this regime would reduce unequal distribution, the effect on the polarization of disposable incomes is not definitely predictable. In contrast to all the other scenarios, the realisation of the recent SPD tax rate proposal from 2011 could enlarge tax revenue by 4.7 billion Euro. This tax regime would reduce unequal distribution and polarisation of disposable incomes even more than the present tax system.}, language = {de} }