@article{KroellerKroellerWarschburger2013,
  author    = {Kr{\"o}ller, Katja and Kr{\"o}ller, Alexander and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {What do you like to eat? Correlation between food familiarity and actual preference},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Gesundheitspsychologie},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Gesundheitspsychologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0943-8149},
  doi       = {10.1026/0943-8149/a000089},
  pages     = {53 -- 61},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The preference for fruits and vegetables is the main predictor for the longtime healthy eating behavior. There are many factors which affect the development of food preferences. The familiarity with different foods seems to be a special aspect associated with the corresponding preference. To establish a preference for fruits and vegetables during early childhood, we need to know more about the factors that affect this preference development. So far, research has mostly concentrated on the food intake and less on the corresponding preference. Additionally, it is often based on studies of the mere-exposure effect or on older children and their ability to label fruits and vegetables correctly. Findings about the level of food familiarity in young children and its relation to the actual food preference are still missing. Our study focuses on different aspects of food familiarity as well as on their relationship to the child's preference and presents results from 213 children aged 2 to 10 years. Using standardized photos, the food preference was measured with a computer-based method that ran automatically without influence from parents or interviewer. The children knew fewer of the presented vegetables (66 \%) than fruits or sweets (78 \% each). About the same number of vegetables (63 \%) had already been tasted by the children and were considered tasty. Only 48 \% of the presented vegetables were named correctly - an ability that increases in older children. Concerning the relationship between the familiarity with vegetables and their preference, the different familiarity aspects showed that vegetables of lower preference were less often recognized, tasted, considered tasty, or named correctly.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kroeller2009,
  author    = {Kr{\"o}ller, Katja},
  title     = {M{\"u}tterliche Steuerung in der Essenssituation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33682},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Die Etablierung eines gesunden Ern{\"a}hrungsverhaltens unserer Kinder ist die wichtigste Voraussetzung f{\"u}r ihre k{\"o}rperliche, kognitive und emotionale Entwicklung. Dabei sind neben einer genetischen Disposition und kulturellen Gegebenheiten vor allem die Einfl{\"u}sse der jeweiligen Betreuungspersonen ausschlaggebend. Die Eltern steuern sowohl direkt (durch Aufforderungen, Verbote u.{\"a}.) als auch indirekt (durch die F{\"o}rderung eigenverantwortlicher Entscheidungen u.{\"a}.) das Ern{\"a}hrungsverhalten ihres Kindes. Untersuchungen zum m{\"u}tterlichen Steuerungsverhalten konzentrierten sich bisher vorwiegend auf die Betrachtung direkter Strategien sowie auf altershomogene und sozial besser gestellte Gruppen. Aufgrund m{\"o}glicher Verzerrungen durch die Betrachtung einzelner Ausschnitte des Zusammenhangs zwischen Steuerung und Ern{\"a}hrung wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Gesamtmodell spezifiziert, welches den Zusammenhang zwischen elterlicher Steuerung und kindlicher Ern{\"a}hrung unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Sozial- und Gewichtsfaktoren abbildet. Dazu wurden drei Erhebungen mit insgesamt {\"u}ber 900 M{\"u}ttern 1 - 10-j{\"a}hriger Kinder durchgef{\"u}hrt. Innerhalb dieser Untersuchungen ist es gelungen, erstmalig ein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Messung elterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation (ISS) zu entwickeln. Die Analysen zeigten, dass bisher nur selten untersuchte Strategien, wie das explizite Bem{\"u}hen um Vorbildwirkung und das Erlauben von eigenverantwortlichen Entscheidungen des Kindes, von den M{\"u}ttern h{\"a}ufig angewandt werden. Die Analyse des komplexen Wirkungsgef{\"u}ge von Steuerung, kindlicher Ern{\"a}hrung sowie sozialer und gewichtsbezogener Faktoren zeigte weiterhin, dass neben stabilen Faktoren, wie dem m{\"u}tterlichen Status und dem Alter des Kindes, ein entscheidender Anteil der m{\"u}tterlichen Steuerungsstrategien f{\"u}r die kindliche Ern{\"a}hrung verantwortlich ist. Die berichteten Ergebnisse zeigen auf, wie relevant die gemeinsame Betrachtung von gesunden und problematischen Nahrungsmitteln sowie die den Zusammenhang zwischen Steuerung und Ern{\"a}hrung beeinflussenden Faktoren innerhalb eines Modells ist. Zusammengefasst scheint vor allem die Steuerung durch Belohnung von und mit bestimmten Nahrungsmitteln eine f{\"u}r das kindliche Ern{\"a}hrungsverhalten und das {\"U}bergewichtsrisiko besonders kritische Strategie zu sein. Dies ist umso bedeutender, als bisherige Untersuchungen dieses Verhalten h{\"a}ufig in restriktive Strategien integriert betrachteten. Die separate Analyse wies jedoch darauf hin, dass vor allem die belohnenden Verhaltensanteile relevant sind. Dies zeigt, dass es f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer gesunden kindlichen Ern{\"a}hrung tats{\"a}chlich ver{\"a}nderbare Verhaltensweisen gibt, die Eltern in Pr{\"a}ventionsprogrammen oder anderen mit Kursen zum kindlichen Wohl assoziierten Einrichtungen vermittelt werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{KroellerWarschburger2009,
  author    = {Kr{\"o}ller, Katja and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake : considering weight and demographic influences using structural equation modeling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45023},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Background: Research concerning child's food intake have considered various influencing factors, for example parental feeding strategies, demographic and weight factors. At this time, however, there are few findings that explore these factors simultaneously. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to test a structural equation model regarding the associations between maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake. Methods: 556 mothers and their children between 1 and 10 years of age participated in this crosssectional study. Besides socio-demographic and weight data, the mothers were asked about their feeding strategies as well as their child's food intake. Results: The well-fitting model explained 73\% of the variance in the child's consumption of healthy and 34\% of unhealthy food. In addition to the effect of the mother's social status and the child's age, a rewarding and modeling feeding behavior significantly influenced the child's food intake. Conclusion: The results highlight the relevance of maternal feeding behavior on the child's food intake. In terms of preventing eating- or weight-related problems, the findings indicate the usefulness of training parents in explicit modeling behavior and avoiding food as a reward.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KroellerWarschburger2009,
  author    = {Kr{\"o}ller, Katja and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake : considering weight and demographic influences using structural equation modeling},
  issn      = {1479-5868},
  doi       = {10.1186/1479-5868-6-78},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Background: Research concerning child's food intake have considered various influencing factors, for example parental feeding strategies, demographic and weight factors. At this time, however, there are few findings that explore these factors simultaneously. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to test a structural equation model regarding the associations between maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake. Methods: 556 mothers and their children between 1 and 10 years of age participated in this cross-sectional study. Besides socio-demographic and weight data, the mothers were asked about their feeding strategies as well as their child's food intake. Results: The well-fitting model explained 73\% of the variance in the child's consumption of healthy and 34\% of unhealthy food. In addition to the effect of the mother's social status and the child's age, a rewarding and modeling feeding behavior significantly influenced the child's food intake. Conclusion: The results highlight the relevance of maternal feeding behavior on the child's food intake. In terms of preventing eating- or weight-related problems, the findings indicate the usefulness of training parents in explicit modeling behavior and avoiding food as a reward.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarschburgerKroeller2016,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja},
  title     = {Loss to follow-up in a randomized controlled trial study for pediatric weight management (EPOC)},
  series = {BMC pediatrics},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {BMC pediatrics},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1471-2431},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12887-016-0727-2},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background Attrition is a serious problem in intervention studies. The current study analyzed the attrition rate during follow-up in a randomized controlled pediatric weight management program (EPOC study) within a tertiary care setting. Methods Five hundred twenty-three parents and their 7-13-year-old children with obesity participated in the randomized controlled intervention trial. Follow-up data were assessed 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment. Attrition was defined as providing no objective weight data. Demographic and psychological baseline characteristics were used to predict attrition at 6- and 12-month follow-up using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Objective weight data were available for 49.6 (67.0) \% of the children 6 (12) months after the end of treatment. Completers and non-completers at the 6- and 12-month follow-up differed in the amount of weight loss during their inpatient stay, their initial BMI-SDS, educational level of the parents, and child's quality of life and well-being. Additionally, completers supported their child more than non-completers, and at the 12-month follow-up, families with a more structured eating environment were less likely to drop out. On a multivariate level, only educational background and structure of the eating environment remained significant. Conclusions The minor differences between the completers and the non-completers suggest that our retention strategies were successful. Further research should focus on prevention of attrition in families with a lower educational background.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WarschburgerKroeller2016,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja},
  title     = {Loss to follow-up in a randomized controlled trial study for pediatric weight management (EPOC)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100359},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background Attrition is a serious problem in intervention studies. The current study analyzed the attrition rate during follow-up in a randomized controlled pediatric weight management program (EPOC study) within a tertiary care setting. Methods Five hundred twenty-three parents and their 7-13-year-old children with obesity participated in the randomized controlled intervention trial. Follow-up data were assessed 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment. Attrition was defined as providing no objective weight data. Demographic and psychological baseline characteristics were used to predict attrition at 6- and 12-month follow-up using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Objective weight data were available for 49.6 (67.0) \% of the children 6 (12) months after the end of treatment. Completers and non-completers at the 6- and 12-month follow-up differed in the amount of weight loss during their inpatient stay, their initial BMI-SDS, educational level of the parents, and child's quality of life and well-being. Additionally, completers supported their child more than non-completers, and at the 12-month follow-up, families with a more structured eating environment were less likely to drop out. On a multivariate level, only educational background and structure of the eating environment remained significant. Conclusions The minor differences between the completers and the non-completers suggest that our retention strategies were successful. Further research should focus on prevention of attrition in families with a lower educational background.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarschburgerKroeller2016,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja},
  title     = {Loss to follow-up in a randomized controlled trial study for pediatric weight management (EPOC)},
  series = {BMC PEDIATRICS},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {BMC PEDIATRICS},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1471-2431},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12887-016-0727-2},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background: Attrition is a serious problem in intervention studies. The current study analyzed the attrition rate during follow-up in a randomized controlled pediatric weight management program (EPOC study) within a tertiary care setting. Methods: Five hundred twenty-three parents and their 7-13-year-old children with obesity participated in the randomized controlled intervention trial. Follow-up data were assessed 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment. Attrition was defined as providing no objective weight data. Demographic and psychological baseline characteristics were used to predict attrition at 6- and 12-month follow-up using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Conclusions: The minor differences between the completers and the non-completers suggest that our retention strategies were successful. Further research should focus on prevention of attrition in families with a lower educational background.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KroellerWarschburger2009,
  author    = {Kr{\"o}ller, Katja and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {ISS : ein Instrument zur Erfassung elterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation},
  issn      = {0012-1924},
  doi       = {10.1026/0012-1924.55.3.135},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Vorgestellt wird ein Instrument zur Erhebung muetterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation (ISS), fuer deren Erfassung bislang kein deutschsprachiges, ueberprueftes Instrument vorliegt. Dazu wurde an 163 Muettern mit Vorschulkindern ein auf Grundlage bereits existierender englischsprachiger Instrumente (CFQ, CFSQ) sowie Fokusinterviews mit Experten und Muettern entstandener Itempool ueberprueft. Die Studie berichtet ueber die faktoren- und itemanalytischen Ergebnisse, nach denen sich 21 Items als trennscharf und verstaendlich erwiesen. Eine explorative Faktorenanalyse ergab sechs Faktoren, die zusammen 68\% der Varianz aufklaerten. Sie umfassen aktive Strategien, wie Restriktion, Draengen und Belohnung, aber auch passive Steuerung durch Vorbild, Monitoring und die Staerkung der Eigenverantwortung des Kindes. Analysen zu Unterschieden im Steuerungsverhalten der Mutter bestaetigten die Faehigkeit des Instrumentes zur Differenzierung zwischen Muettern mit verschiedenem soziooekonomischen Status und Kindern unterschiedlichen Gewichts.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WarschburgerKroellerHaertingetal.2016,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja and Haerting, Johannes and Unverzagt, Susanne and van Egmond-Fr{\"o}hlich, Andreas},
  title     = {Empowering Parents of Obese Children (EPOC): A randomized controlled trial on additional long-term weight effects of parent training},
  series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
  volume    = {103},
  journal   = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0195-6663},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.007},
  pages     = {148 -- 156},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Although inpatient lifestyle treatment for obese children and adolescents can be highly effective in the short term, long-term results are unconvincing. One possible explanation might be that the treatment takes place far from parents' homes, limiting the possibility to incorporate the parents, who play a major role in establishing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle in childhood and adolescence. The main goal was to develop a brief behaviorally oriented parent training program that enhances 'obesity-specific' parenting skills in order to prevent relapse. We hypothesized that the inclusion of additional parent training would lead to an improved long-term weight course of obese children. Parents of obese children (n = 686; 7-13 years old) either participated in complementary cognitive-behavioral group sessions (n = 336) or received written information only (n = 350) during the inpatient stay. Children of both groups attended multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. BMI-SDS as a primary outcome was evaluated at baseline, post-intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat (ITT) as well as per-protocol analyses (PPA) were performed. A significant within-group decrease of 0.24 (95\% CI 0.18 to 0.30) BMI-SDS points from the beginning of the inpatient stay through the first year was found, but no group difference at the one-year follow-up (mean difference 0.02; 95\% CI -0.04 to 0.07). We also observed an increase in quality of life scores, intake of healthy food and exercise for both groups, without differences between groups (ITT and PPA). Thus, while the inpatient treatment proved highly effective, additional parent training did not lead to better results in long-term weight maintenance or to better psychosocial well-being compared to written psycho-educational material. Further research should focus on subgroups to answer the question of differential treatment effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarschburgerKroeller2012,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja},
  title     = {Childhood overweight and obesity: maternal perceptions of the time for engaging in child weight management},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2458-12-295},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}