@phdthesis{Reschke2016,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje},
  title     = {Effectiveness of a foot orthosis on muscular activity in functional ankle instability},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104366},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XII, 155, XXXVIII},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A majority of studies documented a reduced ankle muscle activity, particularly of the peroneus longus muscle (PL), in patients with functional ankle instability (FI). It is considered valid that foot orthoses as well as sensorimotor training have a positive effect on ankle muscle activity in healthy individuals and those with lower limb overuse injuries or flat arched feet (reduced reaction time by sensorimotor exercises; increased ankle muscle amplitude by orthoses use). However, the acute- and long-term influence of foot orthoses on ankle muscle activity in individuals with FI is unknown. AIMS: The present thesis addressed (1a) acute- and (1b) long-term effects of foot orthoses compared to sensorimotor training on ankle muscle activity in patients with FI. (2) Further, it was investigated if the orthosis intervention group demonstrate higher ankle muscle activity by additional short-term use of a measurement in-shoe orthosis (compared to short-term use of "shoe only") after intervention. (3) As prerequisite, it was evaluated if ankle muscle activity can be tested reliably and (4) if this differs between healthy individuals and those with FI. METHODS: Three intervention groups (orthosis group [OG], sensorimotor training group [SMTG], control group [CG]), consisting of both, healthy individuals and those with FI, underwent one longitudinal investigation (randomised controlled trial). Throughout 6 weeks of intervention, OG wore an in-shoe orthosis with a specific "PL stimulation module", whereas SMTG conducted home-based exercises. CG served to measure test-retest reliability of ankle muscle activity (PL, M. tibialis anterior [TA] and M. gastrocnemius medialis [GM]). Pre- and post-intervention, ankle muscle activity (EMG amplitude) was recorded during "normal" unperturbed (NW) and perturbed walking (PW) on a split-belt treadmill (stimulus 200 ms post initial heel contact [IC]) as well as during side cutting (SC), each while wearing "shoes only" and additional measurement in-shoe orthoses (randomized order). Normalized RMS values (100\% MVC, mean±SD) were calculated pre- (100-50 ms) and post (200-400 ms) - IC. RESULTS: (3) Test-retest reliability showed a high range of values in healthy individuals and those with FI. (4) Compared to healthy individuals, patients with FI demonstrated lower PL pre-activity during SC, however higher PL pre-activity for NW and PW. (1a) Acute orthoses use did not influence ankle muscle activity. (1b) For most conditions, sensorimotor training was more effective in individuals with FI than long-term orthotic intervention (increased: PL and GM pre-activity and TA reflex-activity for NW, PL pre-activity and TA, PL and GM reflex-activity for SC, PL reflex-activity for PW). However, prolonged orthoses use was more beneficial in terms of an increase in GM pre-activity during SC. For some conditions, long-term orthoses intervention was as effective as sensorimotor training for individuals with FI (increased: PL pre-activity for PW, TA pre-activity for SC, PL and GM reflex-activity for NW). Prolonged orthoses use was also advantageous in healthy individuals (increased: PL and GM pre-activity for NW and PW, PL pre-activity for SC, TA and PL reflex-activity for NW, PL and GM reflex-activity for PW). (2) The orthosis intervention group did not present higher ankle muscle activity by the additional short-term use of a measurement in-shoe orthosis at re-test after intervention. CONCLUSION: High variations of reproducibility reflect physiological variability in muscle activity during gait and therefore deemed acceptable. The main findings confirm the presence of sensorimotor long-term effects of specific foot orthoses in healthy individuals (primary preventive effect) and those with FI (therapeutic effect). Neuromuscular compensatory feedback- as well as anticipatory feedforward adaptation mechanism to prolonged orthoses use, specifically of the PL muscle, underpins the key role of PL in providing essential dynamic ankle joint stability. Due to its advantages over sensorimotor training (positive subjective feedback in terms of comfort, time-and-cost-effectiveness), long-term foot orthoses use can be recommended as an applicable therapy alternative in the treatment of FI. Long-term effect of foot orthoses in a population with FI must be validated in a larger sample size with longer follow-up periods to substantiate the generalizability of the existing outcomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeCasselIntziegiannietal.2014,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and Cassel, Michael and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Intra- and inter-rater reliability of sonographic cross-sectional area measurements in asymptomatic patella tendons},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {927 -- 928},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigReschkeWolteretal.2013,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Niklas and Reschke, Antje and Wolter, Martin and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank and Baur, Heiner},
  title     = {Plantar pressure trigger for reliable nerve stimulus application during dynamic H-reflex measurements},
  series = {Gait \& posture},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Gait \& posture},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0966-6362},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.09.021},
  pages     = {637 -- 639},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In dynamic H-reflex measurements, the standardisation of the nerve stimulation to the gait cycle is crucial to avoid misinterpretation due to altered pre-synaptic inhibition. In this pilot study, a plantar pressure sole was used to trigger the stimulation of the tibialis nerve with respect to the gait cycle. Consequently, the intersession reliability of the soleus muscle H-reflex during treadmill walking was investigated. Seven young participants performed walking trials on a treadmill at 5 km/h. The stimulating electrode was placed on the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. An EMG was recorded from the soleus muscle. To synchronize the stimulus to the gait cycle, initial heel strike was detected with a plantar pressure sole. Maximum H-reflex amplitude and M-wave amplitude were obtained and the Hmax/Mmax ratio was calculated. Data reveals excellent reliability, ICC = 0.89. Test-retest variability was 13.0\% (+/- 11.8). The Bland-Altman analysis showed a systematic error of 2.4\%. The plantar pressure sole was capable of triggering the stimulation of the tibialis nerve in a reliable way and offers a simple technique for the evaluation of reflex activity during walking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HainMuellerMuelleretal.2013,
  author    = {Hain, Gerrit and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Reschke, Antje and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Reliability of an in-vivo 3-segmental kinematic trunk model in a one-handed lifting task},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {174 -- 174},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerMuellerEngeletal.2016,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Juliane and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Engel, Tilman and Reschke, Antje and Baur, Heiner and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Stumbling reactions during perturbed walking: Neuromuscular reflex activity and 3-D kinematics of the trunk - A pilot study},
  series = {Journal of biomechanics},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Journal of biomechanics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0021-9290},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.041},
  pages     = {933 -- 938},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Stumbling led to an increase in ROM, compared to unperturbed gait, in all segments and planes. These increases ranged between 107 +/- 26\% (UTA/rotation) and 262 +/- 132\% (UTS/lateral flexion), significant only in lateral flexion. EMG activity of the trunk was increased during stumbling (abdominal: 665 +/- 283\%; back: 501 +/- 215\%), without significant differences between muscles. Provoked stumbling leads to a measurable effect on the trunk, quantifiable by an increase in ROM and EMG activity, compared to normal walking. Greater abdominal muscle activity and ROM of lateral flexion may indicate a specific compensation pattern occurring during stumbling. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeWolterSchoepflinetal.2012,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and Wolter, Martin and Sch{\"o}pflin, Marlene and K{\"o}nig, Niklas and Mayer, Frank and Baur, Heiner},
  title     = {The effect of foot orthoses on peroneal H-reflex in treadmill walking a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {943 -- 943},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeMuellerMuelleretal.2013,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Engel, Tilman and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Three-dimensional spine kinematics during perturbed treadmill walking - a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {172 -- 172},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngelMuellerKopinskietal.2017,
  author    = {Engel, Tilman and Mueller, Juliane and Kopinski, Stephan and Reschke, Antje and Mueller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Unexpected walking perturbations: Reliability and validity of a new treadmill protocol to provoke muscular reflex activities at lower extremities and the trunk},
  series = {Journal of biomechanics},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {Journal of biomechanics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0021-9290},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.026},
  pages     = {152 -- 155},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Instrumented treadmills offer the potential to generate standardized walking perturbations, which are particularly rapid and powerful. However, technical requirements to release adequate perturbations regarding timing, duration and amplitude are demanding. This study investigated the test-retest reliability and validity of a new treadmill perturbation protocol releasing rapid and unexpected belt perturbations to provoke muscular reflex responses at lower extremities and the trunk. Fourteen healthy participants underwent two identical treadmill walking protocols, consisting of 10 superimposed one-sided belt perturbations (100 ms duration; 2 m/s amplitude), triggered by a plantar pressure insole 200 ms after heel contact. Delay, duration and amplitude of applied perturbations were recorded by 3D-motion capture. Muscular reflex responses (within 200 ms) were measured at lower extremities and the trunk (10-lead EMG). Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD). Reliability was analyzed using test-retest variability (TRV\%) and limits of agreement (LoA, bias +/- 1.96*SD). Perturbation delay was 202 14 ms, duration was 102 +/- 4 ms and amplitude was 2.1 +/- 0.01 m/s. TRV for perturbation delay, duration and amplitude ranged from 5.0\% to 5.7\%. LoA reached 3 +/- 36 ms for delay, 2 +/- 13 ms for duration and 0.0 +/- 0.3 m/s for amplitude. EMG amplitudes following perturbations ranged between 106 +/- 97\% and 909 +/- 979\% of unperturbed gait and EMG latencies between 82 +/- 14 ms and 106 +/- 16 ms. Minor differences between preset and observed perturbation characteristics and results of test-retest analysis prove a high validity with excellent reliability of the setup. Therefore, the protocol tested can be recommended to provoke muscular reflex responses at lower extremities and the trunk in perturbed walking. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EngelMuellerMuelleretal.2013,
  author    = {Engel, Tilman and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Reschke, Antje and Kopinski, Stephan and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Validity and reliability of a new customised split-belt treadmill provoking unexpected walking perturbations},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {462 -- 462},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}