@article{FuhrmeisterMadecLorenzetal.2022,
  author    = {Fuhrmeister, Pamela and Madec, Sylvain and Lorenz, Antje and Elbuy, Shereen and B{\"u}rki Foschini, Audrey Damaris},
  title     = {Behavioural and EEG evidence for inter-individual variability in late encoding stages of word production},
  series = {Language, cognition and neuroscience},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Language, cognition and neuroscience},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {2327-3798},
  doi       = {10.1080/23273798.2022.2030483},
  pages     = {902 -- 924},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Individuals differ in the time needed to name a picture. This contribution asks whether this inter-individual variability emerges in earlier stages of word production (e.g. lexical selection) or later stages (e.g. articulation) and examines the consequences of this variability for EEG group results. We measured participants' (N = 45) naming latencies and continuous EEG in a picture-word interference task and naming latencies in a delayed naming task. Inter-individual variability in naming latencies in immediate naming (in contrast with inter-item variability) was not larger than the variability in the delayed task, suggesting that some variability in immediate naming originates in later stages of word production. EEG data complemented this interpretation: Differences between relatively fast vs. slow speakers emerged in response-aligned analyses in a time window close to the vocal response. We additionally present a method to assess the generalisability of the timing of effects across participants based on random sampling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FuhrmeisterBuerkiFoschini2022,
  author    = {Fuhrmeister, Pamela and B{\"u}rki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris},
  title     = {Distributional properties of semantic interference in picture naming},
  series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-021-02016-6},
  pages     = {635 -- 647},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Studies of word production often make use of picture-naming tasks, including the picture-word-interference task. In this task, participants name pictures with superimposed distractor words. They typically need more time to name pictures when the distractor word is semantically related to the picture than when it is unrelated (the semantic interference effect). The present study examines the distributional properties of this effect in a series of Bayesian meta-analyses. Meta-analytic estimates of the semantic interference effect first show that the effect is present throughout the reaction time distribution and that it increases throughout the distribution. Second, we find a correlation between a participant's mean semantic interference effect and the change in the effect in the tail of the reaction time distribution, which has been argued to reflect the involvement of selective inhibition in the naming task. Finally, we show with simulated data that this correlation emerges even when no inhibition is used to generate the data, which suggests that inhibition is not needed to explain this relationship.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fuhrmeister2021,
  author    = {Fuhrmeister, Pamela},
  title     = {Examining group differences in between-participant variability in non-native speech sound learning},
  series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
  volume    = {83},
  journal   = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1943-3921},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13414-021-02311-3},
  pages     = {1935 -- 1941},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Many studies on non-native speech sound learning report a large amount of between-participant variability. This variability allows us to ask interesting questions about non-native speech sound learning, such as whether certain training paradigms give rise to more or less between-participant variability. This study presents a reanalysis of Fuhrmeister and Myers (Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 82(4), 2049-2065, 2020) and tests whether different types of phonetic training lead to group differences in between-participant variability. The original study trained participants on a non-native speech sound contrast in two different phonological (vowel) contexts and tested for differences in means between a group that received blocked training (one vowel context at a time) and interleaved training (vowel contexts were randomized). No statistically significant differences in means were found between the two groups in the original study on a discrimination test (a same-different judgment). However, the current reanalysis tested group differences in between-participant variability and found greater variability in the blocked training group immediately after training because this group had a larger proportion of participants with higher-than-average scores. After a period of offline consolidation, this group difference in variability decreased substantially. This suggests that the type and difficulty of phonetic training (blocked vs. interleaved) may initially give rise to differences in between-participant variability, but offline consolidation may attenuate that variability and have an equalizing effect across participants. This reanalysis supports the view that examining between-participant variability in addition to means when analyzing data can give us a more complete picture of the effects being tested.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FuhrmeisterSmithMyers2020,
  author    = {Fuhrmeister, Pamela and Smith, Garrett and Myers, Emily B.},
  title     = {Overlearning of non-native speech sounds does not result in superior consolidation after a period of sleep},
  series = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  volume    = {147},
  journal   = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {0001-4966},
  doi       = {10.1121/10.0000943},
  pages     = {EL289 -- EL294},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Recent studies suggest that sleep-mediated consolidation processes help adults learn non-native speech sounds. However, overnight improvement was not seen when participants learned in the morning, perhaps resulting from native-language interference. The current study trained participants to perceive the Hindi dental/retroflex contrast in the morning and tested whether increased training can lead to overnight improvement. Results showed overnight effects regardless of training amount. In contrast to previous studies, participants in this study heard sounds in limited contexts (i.e., one talker and one vowel context), corroborating other findings, suggesting that overnight improvement is seen in non-native phonetic learning when variability is limited.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeffnerFuhrmeisterLuthraetal.2022,
  author    = {Heffner, Christopher C. and Fuhrmeister, Pamela and Luthra, Sahil and Mechtenberg, Hannah and Saltzman, David and Myers, Emily B.},
  title     = {Reliability and validity for perceptual flexibility in speech},
  series = {Brain and language : a journal of clinical, experimental and theoretical research},
  volume    = {226},
  journal   = {Brain and language : a journal of clinical, experimental and theoretical research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0093-934X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105070},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The study of perceptual flexibility in speech depends on a variety of tasks that feature a large degree of variability between participants. Of critical interest is whether measures are consistent within an individual or across stimulus contexts. This is particularly key for individual difference designs that are deployed to examine the neural basis or clinical consequences of perceptual flexibility. In the present set of experiments, we assess the split-half reliability and construct validity of five measures of perceptual flexibility: three of learning in a native language context (e.g., understanding someone with a foreign accent) and two of learning in a non-native context (e.g., learning to categorize non-native speech sounds). We find that most of these tasks show an appreciable level of split-half reliability, although construct validity was sometimes weak. This provides good evidence for reliability for these tasks, while highlighting possible upper limits on expected effect sizes involving each measure.},
  language  = {en}
}