@article{MaitiMakwanaZhangetal.2022, author = {Maiti, Snehanshu and Makwana, Kirit and Zhang, Heshou and Yan, Huirong}, title = {Cosmic-ray transport in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics / part 1}, volume = {926}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics / part 1}, number = {1}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {1538-4357}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac46c8}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This paper studies cosmic-ray (CR) transport in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. CR transport is strongly dependent on the properties of the magnetic turbulence. We perform test particle simulations to study the interactions of CR with both total MHD turbulence and decomposed MHD modes. The spatial diffusion coefficients and the pitch angle scattering diffusion coefficients are calculated from the test particle trajectories in turbulence. Our results confirm that the fast modes dominate the CR propagation, whereas Alfven and slow modes are much less efficient and have shown similar pitch-angle scattering rates. We investigate the cross field transport on large and small scales. On large/global scales, normal diffusion is observed and the diffusion coefficient is suppressed by M-A(zeta) compared to the parallel diffusion coefficients, with zeta closer to 4 in Alfven modes than that in total turbulence, as theoretically expected. For the CR transport on scales smaller than the turbulence injection scale, both the local and global magnetic reference frames are adopted. Superdiffusion is observed on such small scales in all the cases. Particularly, CR transport in Alfven modes show clear Richardson diffusion in the local reference frame. The diffusion transitions smoothly from the Richardson's one with index 1.5 to normal diffusion as the particle mean free path decreases from lambda(parallel to) >> L to lambda(parallel to) << L, where L is the injection/coherence length of turbulence. Our results have broad applications to CRs in various astrophysical environments.}, language = {en} } @article{AransonPikovskij2022, author = {Aranson, Igor S. and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Confinement and collective escape of active particles}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {128}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park, Md.}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.108001}, pages = {6}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Active matter broadly covers the dynamics of self-propelled particles. While the onset of collective behavior in homogenous active systems is relatively well understood, the effect of inhomogeneities such as obstacles and traps lacks overall clarity. Here, we study how interacting, self-propelled particles become trapped and released from a trap. We have found that captured particles aggregate into an orbiting condensate with a crystalline structure. As more particles are added, the trapped condensates escape as a whole. Our results shed light on the effects of confinement and quenched disorder in active matter.}, language = {en} } @article{HussJuddKoperetal.2022, author = {Huß, Sebastian and Judd, Rika Siedah and Koper, Kaan and Maeda, Hiroshi A. and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {An automated workflow that generates atom mappings for large-scale metabolic models and its application to Arabidopsis thaliana}, series = {The plant journal}, volume = {111}, journal = {The plant journal}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {0960-7412}, doi = {10.1111/tpj.15903}, pages = {1486 -- 1500}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Quantification of reaction fluxes of metabolic networks can help us understand how the integration of different metabolic pathways determines cellular functions. Yet, intracellular fluxes cannot be measured directly but are estimated with metabolic flux analysis (MFA), which relies on the patterns of isotope labeling of metabolites in the network. The application of MFA also requires a stoichiometric model with atom mappings that are currently not available for the majority of large-scale metabolic network models, particularly of plants. While automated approaches such as the Reaction Decoder Toolkit (RDT) can produce atom mappings for individual reactions, tracing the flow of individual atoms of the entire reactions across a metabolic model remains challenging. Here we establish an automated workflow to obtain reliable atom mappings for large-scale metabolic models by refining the outcome of RDT, and apply the workflow to metabolic models of Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate the accuracy of RDT through a comparative analysis with atom mappings from a large database of biochemical reactions, MetaCyc. We further show the utility of our automated workflow by simulating N-15 isotope enrichment and identifying nitrogen (N)-containing metabolites which show enrichment patterns that are informative for flux estimation in future N-15-MFA studies of A. thaliana. The automated workflow established in this study can be readily expanded to other species for which metabolic models have been established and the resulting atom mappings will facilitate MFA and graph-theoretic structural analyses with large-scale metabolic networks.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-63165, title = {Tacitus' Wonders}, editor = {McNamara, James and Pag{\´a}n, Victoria Emma}, publisher = {Bloomsbury}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-350-24172-5}, pages = {viii, 281}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This volume approaches the broad topic of wonder in the works of Tacitus, encompassing paradox, the marvellous and the admirable. Recent scholarship on these themes in Roman literature has tended to focus on poetic genres, with comparatively little attention paid to historiography: Tacitus, whose own judgments on what is worthy of note have often differed in interesting ways from the preoccupations of his readers, is a fascinating focal point for this complementary perspective. Scholarship on Tacitus has to date remained largely marked by a divide between the search for veracity - as validated by modern historiographical standards - and literary approaches, and as a result wonders have either been ignored as unfit for an account of history or have been deprived of their force by being interpreted as valid only within the text. While the modern ideal of historiographical objectivity tends to result in striving for consistent heuristic and methodological frameworks, works as varied as Tacitus' Histories, Annals and opera minora can hardly be prefaced with a statement of methodology broad enough to escape misrepresenting their diversity. In our age of specialization a streamlined methodological framework is a virtue, but it should not be assumed that Tacitus had similar priorities, and indeed the Histories and Annals deserve to be approached with openness towards the variety of perspectives that a tradition as rich as Latin historiographical prose can include within its scope. This collection proposes ways to reconcile the divide between history and historiography by exploring contestable moments in the text that challenge readers to judge and interpret for themselves, with individual chapters drawing on a range of interpretive approaches that mirror the wealth of authorial and reader-specific responses in play.}, language = {en} } @article{PilzIskenFlemingetal.2021, author = {Pilz, Marco and Isken, Marius Paul and Fleming, Kevin and Orunbaev, Sagynbek and Moldobekov, Bolot}, title = {Long- and short-term monitoring of a dam in response to seasonal changes and ground motion loading}, series = {Pure and applied geophysics : PAGEOPH ; continuation of Geofisica pura e applicata}, volume = {178}, journal = {Pure and applied geophysics : PAGEOPH ; continuation of Geofisica pura e applicata}, number = {10}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0033-4553}, doi = {10.1007/s00024-021-02861-5}, pages = {4001 -- 4020}, year = {2021}, abstract = {An experimental multi-parameter structural monitoring system has been installed on the Kurpsai dam, western Kyrgyz Republic. This system consists of equipment for seismic and strain measurements for making longer- (days, weeks, months) and shorter- (minutes, hours) term observations, dealing with, for example seasonal (longer) effects or the response of the dam to ground motion from noise or seismic events. Fibre-optic strain sensors allow the seasonal and daily opening and closing of the spaces between the dam's segments to be tracked. For the seismic data, both amplitude (in terms of using differences in amplitudes in the Fourier spectra for mapping the modes of vibration of the dam) and their time-frequency distribution for a set of small to moderate seismic events are investigated and the corresponding phase variabilities (in terms of lagged coherency) are evaluated. Even for moderate levels of seismic-induced ground motion, some influence on the structural response can be detected, which then sees the dam quickly return to its original state. A seasonal component was identified in the strain measurements, while levels of noise arising from the operation of the dam's generators and associated water flow have been provisionally identified.}, language = {en} } @article{McNamara2021, author = {McNamara, James}, title = {Lost in Germania}, series = {Unspoken Rome: Absences in Latin Texts}, journal = {Unspoken Rome: Absences in Latin Texts}, editor = {Geue, Tom and Giusti, Elena}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-11-0884-304-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108913843.012}, pages = {201 -- 218}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Tacitus' Germania is notable for its absences: lacking a preface and programmatic statements, and being the only ethnographic monograph to have survived from Greco-Roman antiquity, readers have often leapt to fill in its perceived blanks. This chapter aims at redressing the effects of overdetermined readings by interpreting the text's absences as significant in their own right.}, language = {en} } @article{VasyuraBathkeDettmerDuttaetal.2021, author = {Vasyura-Bathke, Hannes and Dettmer, Jan and Dutta, Rishabh and Mai, Paul Martin and J{\´o}nsson, Sigurj{\´o}n}, title = {Accounting for theory errors with empirical Bayesian noise models in nonlinear centroid moment tensor estimation}, series = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, volume = {225}, journal = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggab034}, pages = {1412 -- 1431}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Centroid moment tensor (CMT) parameters can be estimated from seismic waveforms. Since these data indirectly observe the deformation process, CMTs are inferred as solutions to inverse problems which are generally underdetermined and require significant assumptions, including assumptions about data noise. Broadly speaking, we consider noise to include both theory and measurement errors, where theory errors are due to assumptions in the inverse problem and measurement errors are caused by the measurement process. While data errors are routinely included in parameter estimation for full CMTs, less attention has been paid to theory errors related to velocity-model uncertainties and how these affect the resulting moment-tensor (MT) uncertainties. Therefore, rigorous uncertainty quantification for CMTs may require theory-error estimation which becomes a problem of specifying noise models. Various noise models have been proposed, and these rely on several assumptions. All approaches quantify theory errors by estimating the covariance matrix of data residuals. However, this estimation can be based on explicit modelling, empirical estimation and/or ignore or include covariances. We quantitatively compare several approaches by presenting parameter and uncertainty estimates in nonlinear full CMT estimation for several simulated data sets and regional field data of the M-1 4.4, 2015 June 13 Fox Creek, Canada, event. While our main focus is at regional distances, the tested approaches are general and implemented for arbitrary source model choice. These include known or unknown centroid locations, full MTs, deviatoric MTs and double-couple MTs. We demonstrate that velocity-model uncertainties can profoundly affect parameter estimation and that their inclusion leads to more realistic parameter uncertainty quantification. However, not all approaches perform equally well. Including theory errors by estimating non-stationary (non-Toeplitz) error covariance matrices via iterative schemes during Monte Carlo sampling performs best and is computationally most efficient. In general, including velocity-model uncertainties is most important in cases where velocity structure is poorly known.}, language = {en} } @article{OstermannMiyashitaKoenigPernatetal.2022, author = {Ostermann-Miyashita, Emu-Felicitas and K{\"o}nig, Hannes J. and Pernat, Nadja and Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea and Hibler, Sophia and Kiffner, Christian}, title = {Knowledge of returning wildlife species and willingness to participate in citizen science projects among wildlife park visitors in Germany}, series = {People and nature}, volume = {4}, journal = {People and nature}, number = {5}, publisher = {British Ecological Society; Wiley}, address = {London; Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2575-8314}, doi = {10.1002/pan3.10379}, pages = {1201 -- 1215}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Successful conservation efforts have led to recent increases of large mammals such as European bison Bison bonasus, moose Alces alces and grey wolf Canis lupus and their return to former habitats in central Europe. While embraced by some, the recovery of these species is a controversial topic and holds potential for human-wildlife conflicts. Involving the public has been suggested to be an effective method for monitoring wildlife and mitigating associated conflicts. To assess two interrelated prerequisites for engaging people in Citizen Science (CS)-knowledge of returning species and respondents' readiness to participate in CS activities for monitoring and managing these species-we conducted a survey (questionnaire) in two wildlife parks located in different states of Germany. Based on 472 complete questionnaires, we developed generalized linear models to understand how sociodemographic variables and exposure to the species affected visitors' knowledge of each species, and to investigate if sociodemographic variables and knowledge influenced the likelihood of visitors to participate in CS activities. Almost all visitors were aware of the returning wolf population, while knowledge and awareness about bison and moose were significantly lower. Knowledge of the two herbivores differed geographically (higher knowledge of moose in the north-eastern state), possibly indicating a positive association between exposure to the species and knowledge. However, models generally performed poorly in predicting knowledge about wildlife, suggesting that such specific knowledge is insufficiently explained by sociodemographic variables. Our model, which explained stated willingness in CS indicated that younger participants and those with higher knowledge scores in the survey were more willing to engage in CS activities. Overall, our analyses highlight how exposure to large mammals, knowledge about wildlife and human demographics are interrelated-insights that are helpful for effectively recruiting citizen scientists for wildlife conservation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.}, language = {en} } @article{AndjelkovićChenSimevskietal.2021, author = {Andjelković, Marko and Chen, Junchao and Simevski, Aleksandar and Schrape, Oliver and Krstić, Miloš and Kraemer, Rolf}, title = {Monitoring of particle count rate and LET variations with pulse stretching inverters}, series = {IEEE transactions on nuclear science : a publication of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society}, volume = {68}, journal = {IEEE transactions on nuclear science : a publication of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society}, number = {8}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {0018-9499}, doi = {10.1109/TNS.2021.3076400}, pages = {1772 -- 1781}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study investigates the use of pulse stretching (skew-sized) inverters for monitoring the variation of count rate and linear energy transfer (LET) of energetic particles. The basic particle detector is a cascade of two pulse stretching inverters, and the required sensing area is obtained by connecting up to 12 two-inverter cells in parallel and employing the required number of parallel arrays. The incident particles are detected as single-event transients (SETs), whereby the SET count rate denotes the particle count rate, while the SET pulsewidth distribution depicts the LET variations. The advantage of the proposed solution is the possibility to sense the LET variations using fully digital processing logic. SPICE simulations conducted on IHP's 130-nm CMOS technology have shown that the SET pulsewidth varies by approximately 550 ps over the LET range from 1 to 100 MeV center dot cm(2) center dot mg(-1). The proposed detector is intended for triggering the fault-tolerant mechanisms within a self-adaptive multiprocessing system employed in space. It can be implemented as a standalone detector or integrated in the same chip with the target system.}, language = {en} } @article{ScharnweberChaguacedaEkloev2021, author = {Scharnweber, Inga Kristin and Chaguaceda, Fernando and Ekl{\"o}v, Peter}, title = {Fatty acid accumulation in feeding types of a natural freshwater fish population}, series = {Oecologia / in cooperation with the International Association for Ecology, Intecol}, volume = {196}, journal = {Oecologia / in cooperation with the International Association for Ecology, Intecol}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]}, issn = {0029-8549}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-021-04913-y}, pages = {53 -- 63}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fatty acids are widely used to study trophic interactions in food web assemblages. Generally, it is assumed that there is a very small modification of fatty acids from one trophic step to another, making them suitable as trophic biomarkers. However, recent literature provides evidence that many fishes possess genes encoding enzymes with a role in bioconversion, thus the capability for bioconversion might be more widespread than previously assumed. Nonetheless, empirical evidence for biosynthesis occurring in natural populations remains scarce. In this study, we investigated different feeding types of perch (Perca fluviatilis) that are specialized on specific resources with different levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), and analyzed the change between HUFA proportions in perch muscle tissue compared to their resources. Perch showed matching levels to their resources for EPA, but ARA and especially DHA were accumulated. Compound-specific stable isotope analyses helped us to identify the origin of HUFA carbon. Our results suggest that perch obtain a substantial amount of DHA via bioconversion when feeding on DHA-poor benthic resources. Thus, our data indicate the capability of bioconversion of HUFAs in a natural freshwater fish population.}, language = {en} }