@misc{JonesGonzalezFortesConnelletal.2015, author = {Jones, Eppie R. and Gonz{\´a}lez-Fortes, Gloria M. and Connell, Sarah and Siska, Veronika and Eriksson, Anders and Martiniano, Rui and McLaughlin, Russell L. and Llorente, Marcos Gallego and Cassidy, Lara M. and Gamba, Cristina and Meshveliani, Tengiz and Bar-Yosef, Ofer and M{\"u}ller, Werner and Belfer-Cohen, Anna and Matskevich, Zinovi and Jakeli, Nino and Higham, Thomas F. G. and Currat, Mathias and Lordkipanidze, David and Hofreiter, Michael and Manica, Andrea and Pinhasi, Ron and Bradley, Daniel G.}, title = {Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1334}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43931}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439317}, pages = {8}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ∼45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ∼25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ∼3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.}, language = {en} } @misc{HartmannHasenkampMayeretal.2015, author = {Hartmann, Stefanie and Hasenkamp, Natascha and Mayer, Jens and Michaux, Johan and Morand, Serge and Mazzoni, Camila J. and Roca, Alfred L. and Greenwood, Alex D.}, title = {Endogenous murine leukemia retroviral variation across wild European and inbred strains of house mouse}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1329}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43120}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431200}, pages = {13}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Endogenous murine leukemia retroviruses (MLVs) are high copy number proviral elements difficult to comprehensively characterize using standard low throughput sequencing approaches. However, high throughput approaches generate data that is challenging to process, interpret and present. Results: Next generation sequencing (NGS) data was generated for MLVs from two wild caught Mus musculus domesticus (from mainland France and Corsica) and for inbred laboratory mouse strains C3H, LP/J and SJL. Sequence reads were grouped using a novel sequence clustering approach as applied to retroviral sequences. A Markov cluster algorithm was employed, and the sequence reads were queried for matches to specific xenotropic (Xmv), polytropic (Pmv) and modified polytropic (Mpmv) viral reference sequences. Conclusions: Various MLV subtypes were more widespread than expected among the mice, which may be due to the higher coverage of NGS, or to the presence of similar sequence across many different proviral loci. The results did not correlate with variation in the major MLV receptor Xpr1, which can restrict exogenous MLVs, suggesting that endogenous MLV distribution may reflect gene flow more than past resistance to infection.}, language = {en} } @misc{ElsnerSchiblerHofreiteretal.2015, author = {Elsner, Julia and Schibler, J{\"o}rg and Hofreiter, Michael and Schlumbaum, Angela}, title = {Burial condition is the most important factor for mtDNA PCR amplification success in Palaeolithic equid remains from the Alpine foreland}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {727}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42976}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429763}, pages = {505 -- 515}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Faunal remains from Palaeolithic sites are important genetic sources to study preglacial and postglacial populations and to investigate the effect of climate change and human impact. Post mortem decay, resulting in fragmented and chemically modified DNA, is a key obstacle in ancient DNA analyses. In the absence of reliable methods to determine the presence of endogenous DNA in sub-fossil samples, temporal and spatial surveys of DNA survival on a regional scale may help to estimate the potential of faunal remains from a given time period and region. We therefore investigated PCR amplification success, PCR performance and post mortem damage in c. 47,000 to c. 12,000-year-old horse remains from 14 Palaeolithic sites along the Swiss Jura Mountains in relation to depositional context, tissue type, storage time and age, potentially influencing DNA preservation. The targeted 75 base pair mitochondrial DNA fragment could be amplified solely from equid remains from caves and not from any of the open dry and (temporary) wetland sites. Whether teeth are better than bones cannot be ultimately decided; however, both storage time after excavation and age significantly affect PCR amplification and performance, albeit not in a linear way. This is best explained by the—inevitable—heterogeneity of the data set. The extent of post mortem damage is not related to any of the potential impact factors. The results encourage comprehensive investigations of Palaeolithic cave sites, even from temperate regions.}, language = {en} } @article{SchellerYarman2015, author = {Scheller, Frieder W. and Yarman, Aysu}, title = {Bio vs. Mimetika in der Bioanalytik}, series = {Biochemie und analytische Biochemie}, volume = {4}, journal = {Biochemie und analytische Biochemie}, number = {2}, issn = {2161-1009}, pages = {2}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Nat{\"u}rliche Evolution hat geschaffenBiopolymereauf der Basis von Aminos{\"a}uren undNukleotidezeigt hohe chemische Selektivit{\"a}t und katalytische Kraft. Die molekulare Erkennung durch Antik{\"o}rper und die katalytische Umwandlung der Substratmolek{\"u}le durch Enzyme findet in sogenannten Paratopen oder katalytischen Zentren des Makromolek{\"u}ls statt, die typischerweise 10-15 Aminos{\"a}uren umfassen. Die konzertierte Wechselwirkung zwischen den Reaktionspartnern f{\"u}hrt zu Affinit{\"a}ten bis zu nanomolaren Konzentrationen f{\"u}r die Antigenbindung und n{\"a}hert sich einer Million Ums{\"a}tze pro Sekunde anEnzym-katalysierte Reaktionen.}, language = {de} } @misc{UestuenBartetzkoBoernke2015, author = {{\"U}st{\"u}n, Suayib and Bartetzko, Verena and B{\"o}rnke, Frederik}, title = {The Xanthomonas effector XopJ triggers a conditional hypersensitive response upon treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with salicylic acid}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-406537}, pages = {11}, year = {2015}, abstract = {XopJ is a Xanthomonas type III effector protein that promotes bacterial virulence on susceptible pepper plants through the inhibition of the host cell proteasome and a resultant suppression of salicylic acid (SA) - dependent defense responses. We show here that Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing XopJ display hypersensitive response (HR) -like symptoms when exogenously treated with SA. This apparent avirulence function of XopJ was further dependent on effector myristoylation as well as on an intact catalytic triad, suggesting a requirement of its enzymatic activity for HR-like symptom elicitation. The ability of XopJ to cause a HR-like symptom development upon SA treatment was lost upon silencing of SGT1 and NDR1, respectively, but was independent of EDS1 silencing, suggesting that XopJ is recognized by an R protein of the CC-NBS-LRR class. Furthermore, silencing of NPR1 abolished the elicitation of HR-like symptoms in XopJ expressing leaves after SA application. Measurement of the proteasome activity indicated that proteasome inhibition by XopJ was alleviated in the presence of SA, an effect that was not observed in NPR1 silenced plants. Our results suggest that XopJ - triggered HR-like symptoms are closely related to the virulence function of the effector and that XopJ follows a two-signal model in order to elicit a response in the non-host plant N. benthamiana.}, language = {en} } @misc{KehrDittmannThuenemann2015, author = {Kehr, Jan-Christoph and Dittmann-Th{\"u}nemann, Elke}, title = {Biosynthesis and function of extracellular glycans in cyanobacteria}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400121}, pages = {17}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The cell surface of cyanobacteria is covered with glycans that confer versatility and adaptability to a multitude of environmental factors. The complex carbohydrates act as barriers against different types of stress and play a role in intra- as well as inter-species interactions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the chemical composition, biosynthesis and biological function of exo- and lipo-polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and give an overview of sugar-binding lectins characterized from cyanobacteria. We discuss similarities with well-studied enterobacterial systems and highlight the unique features of cyanobacteria. We pay special attention to colony formation and EPS biosynthesis in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{FuentesTaladriz2015, author = {Fuentes Taladriz, Paulina Andrea}, title = {High-level production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in plastids and in vivo visualization of plastid-to-nucleus gene transfer}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {148}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{BlankenburgBalfanzHayashietal.2015, author = {Blankenburg, Stefanie and Balfanz, Sabine and Hayashi, Y. and Shigenobu, S. and Miura, T. and Baumann, Otto and Baumann, Arnd and Blenau, Wolfgang}, title = {Cockroach GABA(B) receptor subtypes: Molecular characterization, pharmacological properties and tissue distribution}, series = {Neuropharmacology}, volume = {88}, journal = {Neuropharmacology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3908}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.08.022}, pages = {134 -- 144}, year = {2015}, abstract = {gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Its effects are mediated by either ionotropic GABA(A) receptors or metabotropic GABA(B) receptors. GABA(B) receptors regulate, via Gi/o, G-proteins, ion channels, and adenylyl cyclases. In humans, GABA(B) receptor subtypes are involved in the etiology of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. In arthropods, however, these members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family are only inadequately characterized. Interestingly, physiological data have revealed important functions of GABA(B) receptors in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. We have cloned cDNAs coding for putative GABA(B) receptor subtypes 1 and 2 of P. americana (PeaGB1 and PeaGB2). When both receptor proteins are co-expressed in mammalian cells, activation of the receptor heteromer with GABA leads to a dose-dependent decrease in cAMP production. The pharmacological profile differs from that of mammalian and Drosophila GABA(B) receptors. Western blot analyses with polyclonal antibodies have revealed the expression of PeaGB1 and PeaGB2 in the CNS of the American cockroach. In addition to the widespread distribution in the brain, PeaGB1 is expressed in salivary glands and male accessory glands. Notably, PeaGB1-like immunoreactivity has been detected in the GABAergic salivary neuron 2, suggesting that GABA(B) receptors act as autoreceptors in this neuron.}, language = {en} } @article{GeyerStrixnerKreftetal.2015, author = {Geyer, Juliane and Strixner, Lena and Kreft, Stefan and Jeltsch, Florian and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Adapting conservation to climate change: a case study on feasibility and implementation in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Regional environmental change}, volume = {15}, journal = {Regional environmental change}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1436-3798}, doi = {10.1007/s10113-014-0609-9}, pages = {139 -- 153}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Conservation actions need to account for global climate change and adapt to it. The body of the literature on adaptation options is growing rapidly, but their feasibility and current state of implementation are rarely assessed. We discussed the practicability of adaptation options with conservation managers analysing three fields of action: reducing the vulnerability of conservation management, reducing the vulnerability of conservation targets (i.e. biodiversity) and climate change mitigation. For all options, feasibility, current state of implementation and existing obstacles to implementation were analysed, using the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany, as a case study. Practitioners considered a large number of options useful, most of which have already been implemented at least in part. Those options considered broadly implemented resemble mainly conventional measures of conservation without direct relation to climate change. Managers are facing several obstacles for adapting to climate change, including political reluctance to change, financial and staff shortages in conservation administrations and conflictive EU funding schemes in agriculture. A certain reluctance to act, due to the high degree of uncertainty with regard to climate change scenarios and impacts, is widespread. A lack of knowledge of appropriate methods such as adaptive management often inhibits the implementation of adaptation options in the field of planning and management. Based on the findings for Brandenburg, we generally conclude that it is necessary to focus in particular on options that help to reduce vulnerability of conservation management itself, i.e. those that enhance management effectiveness. For instance, adaptive and proactive risk management can be applied as a no-regrets option, independently from specific climate change scenarios or impacts, strengthening action under uncertainty.}, language = {en} } @article{HamalainenDammhahnAujardetal.2015, author = {Hamalainen, Anni and Dammhahn, Melanie and Aujard, Fabienne and Kraus, Cornelia}, title = {Losing grip: Senescent decline in physical strength in a small-bodied primate in captivity and in the wild}, series = {Experimental gerontology}, volume = {61}, journal = {Experimental gerontology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0531-5565}, doi = {10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.017}, pages = {54 -- 61}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Muscle strength reflects physical functioning, declines at old age and predicts health and survival in humans and laboratory animals. Age-associated muscle deterioration causes loss of strength and may impair fitness of wild animals. However, the effects of age and life-history characteristics on muscle strength in wild animals are unknown. We investigated environment-and sex-specific patterns of physical functioning by measuring grip strength in wild and captive gray mouse lemurs. We expected more pronounced strength senescence in captivity due to condition-dependent, extrinsic mortality found in nature. Males were predicted to be stronger but potentially experience more severe senescence than females as predicted by life history theory. We found similar senescent declines in captive males and females as well as wild females, whereas wild males showed little decline, presumably due to their early mortality. Captive animals were generally weaker and showed earlier declines than wild animals. Unexpectedly, females tended to be stronger than males, especially in the reproductive season. Universal intrinsic mechanisms (e. g. sarcopenia) likely cause the similar patterns of strength loss across settings. The female advantage in muscle strength merits further study; it may follow higher reproductive investment by males, or be an adaptation associated with female social dominance.}, language = {en} }