@phdthesis{Weise2017,
  author    = {Weise, Katja},
  title     = {Gez{\"a}hmte Kleider, geb{\"a}ndigte K{\"o}rper?},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43986},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439868},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {270},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Pr{\"a}sentation von Kleidermode in ihr gewidmeten Sonderausstellungen, die in zunehmender Zahl seit den 1990er Jahren in musealen und musems{\"a}hnlichen Kontexten veranstaltet werden. Es geht darum, wie Modek{\"o}rper und vestiment{\"a}re Artefakte in diesen Ausstellungen gezeigt werden und welche {\"a}sthetischen Erfahrungen sich f{\"u}r die RezipientInnen aus der jeweiligen Konstellation von vestiment{\"a}rem Objekt und Inszenierungsmittel ergeben k{\"o}nnen. Das Augenmerk liegt auf der Spannung zwischen dem visuellen Imperativ musealer Zeigepraktiken und den multisensorischen Qualit{\"a}ten der Kleidermode, v. a. jener hautsinnlichen, die sich aus dem unmittelbaren Kontakt zwischen K{\"o}rper und Kleid ergeben. Die zentrale These ist, dass sich das Hautsinnliche der Kleidermode trotz des Ber{\"u}hrungsverbots in vielen Ausstellungsinszenierungen zeigen kann. D. h., dass - entgegen h{\"a}ufig wiederholter Behauptungen - ‚der K{\"o}rper', das Tragen und die Bewegung nicht per se oder komplett aus den Kleidern gewichen sind, werden diese musealisiert und ausgestellt. Es findet eine Verschiebung des K{\"o}rperlichen und Hautsinnlichen, wie das Anfassen, Tragen und Bewegen, in visuelle Darstellungsformen statt. Hautsinnliche Qualit{\"a}ten der vestiment{\"a}ren Exponate k{\"o}nnen, auch in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von den jeweils verwendeten Pr{\"a}sentationsmitteln, von den BesucherInnen in unterschiedlichen Abstufungen sehend oder buchst{\"a}blich gesp{\"u}rt werden. An konkreten Beispielen wird zum einen das Verh{\"a}ltnis von ausgestelltem Kleid und Pr{\"a}sentationsmittel(n) in den Displays untersucht. Dabei stehen folgende Mittel im Fokus, mit deren Hilfe die vestiment{\"a}ren Exponate zur Schau gestellt werden: Vitrinen, Podeste, Ersatzk{\"o}rper wie Mannequins, optische Hilfsmittel wie Lupen, Bildmedien oder (bewegte) Installationen. Zum anderen wird analysiert, welche Wirkungen die Arrangements jeweils erzielen oder verhindern k{\"o}nnen, und zwar in Hinblick auf m{\"o}gliche {\"a}sthetische Erfahrungen, die taktilen, haptischen und kin{\"a}sthetischen Qualit{\"a}ten der Exponate als BesucherIn sehend oder buchst{\"a}blich zu f{\"u}hlen oder zu sp{\"u}ren. Ob als Identifikation, Projektion, Haptic Vision - es handelt sich um {\"a}sthetische Erfahrungen, die sich aus den modischen Kompetenzen der BetrachterInnen speisen und bei denen sich Visuelles und Hautsinnliches oft {\"u}berlagern. In der Untersuchung wird eine vernachl{\"a}ssigte, wenn nicht gar unerw{\"u}nschte Rezeptionsweise diskutiert, die von den AkteurInnen der spezifischen Debatte bspw. als konsumptives Sehen abgewertet wird. Die von mir vorgeschlagene, st{\"a}rker differenzierende Perspektive ist zugleich eine Kritik an dem bisherigen Diskurs und seinem eng gefassten, teilweise elit{\"a}ren Verst{\"a}ndnis von Museum, Bildung und Wissen, mit dem sich AkteurInnen und Institutionen abgrenzen. Der Spezialdiskurs {\"u}ber musealisierte und exponierte Kleidermode steht zudem exemplarisch f{\"u}r die Diskussion, was das Museum, verstanden als Institution, sein kann und soll(te) und ob (und wenn ja, wie) es sich {\"u}berhaupt noch von anderen Orten und R{\"a}umen klar abgrenzen l{\"a}sst.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Mueller2017,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Eduard Rudolf},
  title     = {Architektur und Kunst im lyrischen Werk Johannes Bobrowskis},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-461-6},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42711},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427113},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {538},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Bobrowski had expressed the intention to study art history after graduation, but war and captivity thwarted his plans: As a member of the German Armed Forces, he was only released from military service for a semester in winter 1941/1942. Bobrowski was particularly impressed by the lectures on German Art in the Age of Goethe by the departmental chair Wilhelm Pinder. However, despite this fundamental influence Pinder's ideological background never become manifest in Bobrowski's poems. After returning from Soviet captivity during Christmas 1949, university studies were out of the question for the thirty-two-year-old. However, his lifelong intermedial engagement with fine art in his work can be interpreted as an expression of his diverse cultural and historical interests and inclinations. The poet's life phases correlate with the thematic development of his poems on visual art: The inviolable aesthetics of significant works of art helped him to overcome the horror of the last years of the war and the privations of Soviet captivity. Didactic moral aims initially shaped the poems Bobrowski created in the years after his return home before he was able to distance himself in terms of content and form from this type of poetry and began to write poems that take up cultural-historical aspects and juxtapose historical, mythological, biblical and religious-philosophical themes spanning epochs. His poems about the artists Jawlensky and Calder also touch simultaneously on aspects of the cultural landscape. In the last decade of his life, Bobrowski became increasingly interested in twentieth-century art, while modern architecture was absent from his work. Bobrowski devoted himself in an entire series of poems to Classicist and Romanticist painting and thus to works that were written during the Age of Goethe and about which Wilhelm Pinder may have given lectures during his "German Art in the Age of Goethe" course attended by Bobrowski. Architecture is a leitmotif in Bobrowski's lyrical works. The significance conveyed of the particular sacred and profane buildings referred to in the poems as well as the urban and village ensembles and individual parts of buildings changes several times over the years. Starting from traditional, juxtaposed juvenile poems in iambic versification, in which architectural elements form part of an awareness that fades out everything outside of the aesthetic, the significance of the sacred and secular buildings in Bobrowski's lyrical works changes for the first time during the years he spent in Russia during the war as part of the German military. In the odes Bobrowski wrote at the time, the architectural relics testify to suffering, death and destruction. What is still absent, however, is the central idea of guilt, which later becomes the focus of poems he writes after his return from captivity until his early death. Towards the end of the war and during his years of captivity, Bobrowski reflects on the theme of his homeland again, and the architecture in his poems becomes an aesthetically charged projection for his yearning for East Prussia and the Memel area. The aspect of the sublime first appears in his poems, both in relation to painting and architecture, during his captivity. This idea is developed on the one hand after his return to Berlin in his poems on the architecture of Gothic cathedrals and the architectural heritage of Classicism, but the cultural heritage of Europe also represents historical injustice and a heavy, far-reaching guilt in the poems written during this period. Bobrowski turns away from his criticism of the entire continent of Europe in later years and in his "Sarmatic Divan" concentrates on the guilt Germans have towards the peoples of Eastern Europe. This also lends the architecture in his poems a new meaning. The relics of the castles of the Teutonic Order testify to the rule of medieval conquerors and merge with nature: The symbolism of the architecture becomes part of the landscape. In the last decade of his life, he increasingly writes poems related to parks and urban green spaces. The city, "filled with meaning", moves to the centre of his poetry. However he does not deal with the technical achievements and social phenomena of urban life in these poems but with urban structures and especially the green and open spaces as symbols of history. The poet relies not only on personal experiences, but sometimes also on image sources without ever having seen the original. The poems about Chagall and Gauguin are hardly accessible without the knowledge that they refer to image reproductions in narrow, popular books that Bobrowski acquired shortly before writing the respective poems. The situation is different with the Russian churches that find their way into his lyrical works. Bobrowski had seen them all during the war, and most of them still appear to exist today and can be identified with some certainty with the help in part of the poet's letters from that period.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Bekeraitė2017,
  author    = {Bekeraitė, Simona},
  title     = {Distribution functions of rotating galaxies},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42095},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420950},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {V, 91},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The work done during the PhD studies has been focused on measurements of distribution functions of rotating galaxies using integral field spectroscopy observations. Throughout the main body of research presented here we have been using CALIFA (Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area) survey stellar velocity fields to obtain robust measurements of circular velocities for rotating galaxies of all morphological types. A crucial part of the work was enabled by well-defined CALIFA sample selection criteria: it enabled reconstructing sample-independent distributions of galaxy properties. In Chapter 2, we measure the distribution in absolute magnitude - circular velocity space for a well-defined sample of 199 rotating CALIFA galaxies using their stellar kinematics. Our aim in this analysis is to avoid subjective selection criteria and to take volume and large-scale structure factors into account. Using stellar velocity fields instead of gas emission line kinematics allows including rapidly rotating early type galaxies. Our initial sample contains 277 galaxies with available stellar velocity fields and growth curve r-band photometry. After rejecting 51 velocity fields that could not be modelled due to the low number of bins, foreground contamination or significant interaction we perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) modelling of the velocity fields, obtaining the rotation curve and kinematic parameters and their realistic uncertainties. We perform an extinction correction and calculate the circular velocity v_circ accounting for pressure support a given galaxy has. The resulting galaxy distribution on the M_r - v_circ plane is then modelled as a mixture of two distinct populations, allowing robust and reproducible rejection of outliers, a significant fraction of which are slow rotators. The selection effects are understood well enough that the incompleteness of the sample can be corrected and the 199 galaxies can be weighted by volume and large-scale structure factors enabling us to fit a volume-corrected Tully-Fisher relation (TFR). More importantly, we also provide the volume-corrected distribution of galaxies in the M_r - v_circ plane, which can be compared with cosmological simulations. The joint distribution of the luminosity and circular velocity space densities, representative over the range of -20 > M_r > -22 mag, can place more stringent constraints on the galaxy formation and evolution scenarios than linear TFR fit parameters or the luminosity function alone. In Chapter 3, we measure one of the marginal distributions of the M_r - v_circ distribution: the circular velocity function of rotating galaxies. The velocity function is a fundamental observable statistic of the galaxy population, being of a similar importance as the luminosity function, but much more difficult to measure. We present the first directly measured circular velocity function that is representative between 60 < v_circ < 320 km s^-1 for galaxies of all morphological types at a given rotation velocity. For the low mass galaxy population 60 < v_circ < 170 km s^-1, we use the HIPASS velocity function. For the massive galaxy population 170 < v_circ < 320 km s^-1, we use stellar circular velocities from CALIFA. The CALIFA velocity function includes homogeneous velocity measurements of both late and early-type rotation-supported galaxies. It has the crucial advantage of not missing gas-poor massive ellipticals that HI surveys are blind to. We show that both velocity functions can be combined in a seamless manner, as their ranges of validity overlap. The resulting observed velocity function is compared to velocity functions derived from cosmological simulations of the z = 0 galaxy population. We find that dark matter-only simulations show a strong mismatch with the observed VF. Hydrodynamic Illustris simulations fare better, but still do not fully reproduce observations. In Chapter 4, we present some other work done during the PhD studies, namely, a method that improves the precision of specific angular measurements by combining simultaneous Markov Chain Monte Carlo modelling of ionised gas 2D velocity fields and HI linewidths. To test the method we use a sample of 25 galaxies from the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field (SAMI) survey that had matching ALFALFA HI linewidths. Such a method allows constraining the rotation curve both in the inner regions of a galaxy and in its outskirts, leading to increased precision of specific angular momentum measurements. It could be used to further constrain the observed relation between galaxy mass, specific angular momentum and morphology (Obreschkow \& Glazebrook 2014). Mathematical and computational methods are presented in the appendices.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{deSouzaSilveira2017,
  author    = {de Souza Silveira, Raul},
  title     = {Human substrate metabolism at upper oxidative capacities},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42333},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423338},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {iii, 85, v},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) and fat are the main substrates to fuel prolonged endurance exercise, each having its oxidation patterns regulated by several factors such as intensity, duration and mode of the activity, dietary intake pattern, muscle glycogen concentrations, gender and training status. Exercising at intensities where fat oxidation rates are high has been shown to induce metabolic benefits in recreational and health-oriented sportsmen. The exercise intensity (Fatpeak) eliciting peak fat oxidation rates is therefore of particular interest when aiming to prescribe exercise for the purpose of fat oxidation and related metabolic effects. Although running and walking are feasible and popular among the target population, no reliable protocols are available to assess Fatpeak as well as its actual velocity (VPFO) during treadmill ergometry. Moreover, to date, it remains unclear how pre-exercise CHO availability modulates the oxidative regulation of substrates when exercise is conducted at the intensity where the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) is located (VIAT). That is, a metabolic marker representing the upper border where constant load endurance exercise can be sustained, being commonly used to guide athletic training or in performance diagnostics. The research objectives of the current thesis were therefore, 1) to assess the reliability and day-to-day variability of VPFO and Fatpeak during treadmill ergometry running; 2) to assess the impact of high CHO (HC) vs. low CHO (LC) diets (where on the LC day a combination of low CHO diet and a glycogen depleting exercise was implemented) on the oxidative regulation of CHOs and fat while exercise is conducted at VIAT. Methods: Research objective 1: Sixteen recreational athletes (f=7, m=9; 25 ± 3 y; 1.76 ± 0.09 m; 68.3 ± 13.7 kg; 23.1 ± 2.9 kg/m²) performed 2 different running protocols on 3 different days with standardized nutrition the day before testing. At day 1, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the velocities at the aerobic threshold (VLT) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.00 (VRER) were assessed. At days 2 and 3, subjects ran an identical submaximal incremental test (Fat-peak test) composed of a 10 min warm-up (70\% VLT) followed by 5 stages of 6 min with equal increments (stage 1 = VLT, stage 5 = VRER). Breath-by-breath gas exchange data was measured continuously and used to determine fat oxidation rates. A third order polynomial function was used to identify VPFO and subsequently Fatpeak. The reproducibility and variability of variables was verified with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation (CV) and the mean differences (bias) ± 95\% limits of agreement (LoA). Research objective 2: Sixteen recreational runners (m=8, f=8; 28 ± 3 y; 1.76 ± 0.09 m; 72 ± 13 kg; 23 ± 2 kg/m²) performed 3 different running protocols, each allocated on a different day. At day 1, a maximal stepwise incremental test was implemented to assess the IAT and VIAT. During days 2 and 3, participants ran a constant-pace bout (30 min) at VIAT that was combined with randomly assigned HC (7g/kg/d) or LC (3g/kg/d) diets for the 24 h before testing. Breath-by-breath gas exchange data was measured continuously and used to determine substrate oxidation. Dietary data and differences in substrate oxidation were analyzed with a paired t-test. A two-way ANOVA tested the diet X gender interaction (α = 0.05). Results: Research objective 1: ICC, Pearson's correlation and CV for VPFO and Fatpeak were 0.98, 0.97, 5.0\%; and 0.90, 0.81, 7.0\%, respectively. Bias ± 95\% LoA was -0.3 ± 0.9 km/h for VPFO and -2 ± 8\% of VO2peak for Fatpeak. Research objective 2: Overall, the IAT and VIAT were 2.74 ± 0.39 mmol/l and 11.1 ± 1.4 km/h, respectively. CHO oxidation was 3.45 ± 0.08 and 2.90 ± 0.07 g/min during HC and LC bouts respectively (P < 0.05). Likewise, fat oxidation was 0.13 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.03 g/min (P < 0.05). Females had 14\% (P < 0.05) and 12\% (P > 0.05) greater fat oxidation compared to males during HC and LC bouts, respectively. Conclusions: Research objective 1: In summary, relative and absolute reliability indicators for VPFO and Fatpeak were found to be excellent. The observed LoA may now serve as a basis for future training prescriptions, although fat oxidation rates at prolonged exercise bouts at this intensity still need to be investigated. Research objective 2: Twenty-four hours of high CHO consumption results in concurrent higher CHO oxidation rates and overall utilization, whereas maintaining a low systemic CHO availability significantly increases the contribution of fat to the overall energy metabolism. The observed gender differences underline the necessity of individualized dietary planning before exerting at intensities associated with performance exercise. Ultimately, future research should establish how these findings can be extrapolated to training and competitive situations and with that provide trainers and nutritionists with improved data to derive training prescriptions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Peldszus2017,
  author    = {Peldszus, Andreas},
  title     = {Automatic recognition of argumentation structure in short monological texts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421441},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiv, 252},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The aim of this thesis is to develop approaches to automatically recognise the structure of argumentation in short monological texts. This amounts to identifying the central claim of the text, supporting premises, possible objections, and counter-objections to these objections, and connecting them correspondingly to a structure that adequately describes the argumentation presented in the text. The first step towards such an automatic analysis of the structure of argumentation is to know how to represent it. We systematically review the literature on theories of discourse, as well as on theories of the structure of argumentation against a set of requirements and desiderata, and identify the theory of J. B. Freeman (1991, 2011) as a suitable candidate to represent argumentation structure. Based on this, a scheme is derived that is able to represent complex argumentative structures and can cope with various segmentation issues typically occurring in authentic text. In order to empirically test our scheme for reliability of annotation, we conduct several annotation experiments, the most important of which assesses the agreement in reconstructing argumentation structure. The results show that expert annotators produce very reliable annotations, while the results of non-expert annotators highly depend on their training in and commitment to the task. We then introduce the 'microtext' corpus, a collection of short argumentative texts. We report on the creation, translation, and annotation of it and provide a variety of statistics. It is the first parallel corpus (with a German and English version) annotated with argumentation structure, and -- thanks to the work of our colleagues -- also the first annotated according to multiple theories of (global) discourse structure. The corpus is then used to develop and evaluate approaches to automatically predict argumentation structures in a series of six studies: The first two of them focus on learning local models for different aspects of argumentation structure. In the third study, we develop the main approach proposed in this thesis for predicting globally optimal argumentation structures: the 'evidence graph' model. This model is then systematically compared to other approaches in the fourth study, and achieves state-of-the-art results on the microtext corpus. The remaining two studies aim to demonstrate the versatility and elegance of the proposed approach by predicting argumentation structures of different granularity from text, and finally by using it to translate rhetorical structure representations into argumentation structures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lubitz2017,
  author    = {Lubitz, Christin},
  title     = {Investigating local surface displacements associated with anthropogenic activities by satellite radar interferometry},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416001},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {III, vii, 96, xii},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Direct anthropogenic influences on the Earth's subsurface during drilling, extraction or injection activities, can affect land stability by causing subsidence, uplifts or lateral displacements. They can occur in localized as well as in uninhabited and inhabited regions. Thus the associated risks for humans, infrastructure, and environment must be minimized. To achieve this, appropriate surveillance methods must be found that can be used for simultaneous monitoring during such activities. Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MT-InSAR) methods like the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and the Small BAseline Subsets (SBAS) have been developed as standard approaches for satellite-based surface displacement monitoring. With increasing spatial resolution and availability of SAR sensors in recent years, MT-InSAR can be valuable for the detection and mapping of even the smallest man-made displacements. This doctoral thesis aims at investigating the capacities of the mentioned standard methods for this purpose, and comprises three main objectives against the backdrop of a user-friendly surveillance service: (1) the spatial and temporal significance assessment against leveling, (2) the suitability evaluation of PSI and SBAS under different conditions, and (3) the analysis of the link between surface motion and subsurface processes. Two prominent case studies on anthropogenic induced subsurface processes in Germany serve as the basis for this goal. The first is the distinct urban uplift with severe damages at Staufen im Breisgau that has been associated since 2007 with a failure to implement a shallow geothermal energy supply for an individual building. The second case study considers the pilot project of geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage at Ketzin, and comprises borehole drilling and fluid injection of more than 67 kt CO2 between 2008 and 2013. Leveling surveys at Staufen and comprehensive background knowledge of the underground processes gained from different kinds of in-situ measurements at both locations deliver a suitable basis for this comparative study and the above stated objectives. The differences in location setting, i.e. urban versus rural site character, were intended to investigate the limitations in the applicability of PSI and SBAS. For the MT-InSAR analysis, X-band images from the German TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites were acquired in the standard Stripmap mode with about 3 m spatial resolution in azimuth and range direction. Data acquisition lasted over a period of five years for Staufen (2008-2013), and four years for Ketzin (2009-2013). For the first approximation of the subsurface source, an inversion of the InSAR outcome in Staufen was applied. The modeled uplift based on complex hydromechanical simulations and a correlation analysis with bottomhole pressure data were used for comparison with MT-InSAR measurements at Ketzin. In response to the defined objectives of this thesis, a higher level of detail can be achieved in mapping surface displacements without in-situ effort by using MT-InSAR in comparison to leveling (1). A clear delineation of the elliptical shaped uplift border and its magnitudes at different parts was possible at Staufen, with the exception of a vegetated area in the northwest. Vegetation coverage and the associated temporal signal decorrelation are the main limitations of MT-InSAR as clearly demonstrated at the Ketzin test site. They result in insufficient measurement point density and unwrapping issues. Therefore, spatial resolutions of one meter or better are recommended to achieve an adequate point density for local displacement analysis and to apply signal noise reduction. Leveling measurements can provide a complementary data source here, but require much effort pertaining to personnel even at the local scale. Horizontal motions could be identified at Staufen by only comparing the temporal evolution of the 1D line of sight (LOS) InSAR measurements with the available leveling data. An exception was the independent LOS decomposition using ascending and descending data sets for the period 2012-2013. The full 3D displacement field representation failed due to insufficient orbit-related, north-south sensitivity of the satellite-based measurements. By using the dense temporal mapping capabilities of the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X satellites after every 11 days, the temporal displacement evolution could be captured as good as that with leveling. With respect to the tested methods and in the view of generality, SBAS should be preferred over PSI (2). SBAS delivered a higher point density, and was therefore less affected by phase unwrapping issues in both case studies. Linking surface motions with subsurface processes is possible when considering simplified geophysical models (3), but it still requires intensive research to gain a deep understanding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schiprowski2017,
  author    = {Schiprowski, Amelie},
  title     = {Four empirical essays on the economics of job search},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413508},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiii, 209},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Modern welfare states aim at designing unemployment insurance (UI) schemes which minimize the length of unemployment spells. A variety of institutions and incentives, which are embedded in UI schemes across OECD countries, reflect this attempt. For instance, job seekers entering UI are often provided with personal support through a caseworker. They also face the requirement to regularly submit a minimum number of job applications, which is typically enforced through benefit cuts in the case of non-compliance. Moreover, job seekers may systematically receive information on their re-employment prospects. As a consequence, UI design has become a complex task. Policy makers need to define not only the amount and duration of benefit payments, but also several other choice parameters. These include the intensity and quality of personal support through caseworkers, the level of job search requirements, the strictness of enforcement, and the information provided to unemployed individuals. Causal estimates on how these parameters affect re-employment outcomes are thus central inputs to the design of modern UI systems: how much do individual caseworkers influence the transition out of unemployment? Does the requirement of an additional job application translate into increased job finding? Do individuals behave differently when facing a strict versus mild enforcement system? And how does information on re-employment prospects influence the job search decision? This dissertation proposes four novel research designs to answer this question. Chapters one to three elaborate quasi-experimental identification strategies, which are applied to large-scale administrative data from Switzerland. They, respectively, measure how personal interactions with caseworkers (chapter one), the level of job search requirements (chapter two) and the strictness of enforcement (chapter three) affect re-employment outcomes. Chapter four proposes a structural estimation approach, based on linked survey and administrative data from Germany. It studies how over-optimism on future wage offers affects the decision to search for work, and how the provision of information changes this decision.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schuster2017,
  author    = {Schuster, Isabell},
  title     = {Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in Chile and Turkey},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413897},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {285},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Although sexual aggression is recognized as a serious issue worldwide, the current knowledge base is primarily built on evidence from Western countries, particularly the U.S. For the present doctoral research, Chile and Turkey were selected based on theoretical considerations to examine the prevalence as well as predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration. The first aim of this research project was to systematically review the available evidence provided by past studies on this topic within each country. The second aim was to empirically study the prevalence of experiencing and engaging in sexual aggression since the age of consent among college students in Chile and Turkey. The third aim was to conduct cross-cultural analyses examining pathways to victimization and perpetration based on a two-wave longitudinal design. Methods: This research adopted a gender-inclusive approach by considering men and women in both victim and perpetrator roles. For the systematic reviews, multiple-stage literature searches were performed, and based on a predefined set of eligibility criteria, 28 studies in Chile and 56 studies in Turkey were identified for inclusion. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted to examine the prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression among male and female college students in Chile and Turkey. Self-reports of victimization and perpetration were assessed with a Chilean Spanish or Turkish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale. Two path models were conceptualized in which participants' risky sexual scripts for consensual sex, risky sexual behavior, sexual self-esteem, sexual assertiveness, and religiosity were assessed at T1 and used as predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration at T2 in the following 12 months, mediated through past victimization or perpetration, respectively. The models differed in that sexual assertiveness was expected to serve different functions for victimization (refusal assertiveness negatively linked to victimization) and perpetration (initiation assertiveness positively linked to perpetration). Results: Both systematic reviews revealed that victimization was addressed by all included studies, but data on perpetration was severely limited. A great heterogeneity not only in victimization rates but also in predictors was found, which may be attributed to a lack of conceptual and methodological consistency across studies. The empirical analysis of the prevalence of sexual aggression in Chile revealed a victimization rate of 51.9\% for women and 48.0\% for men, and a perpetration rate of 26.8\% for men and 16.5\% for women. In the Turkish original data, victimization was reported by 77.6\% of women and 65.5\% of men, whereas, again, lower rates were found for perpetration, with 28.9\% of men and 14.2\% of women reporting at least one incident. The cross-cultural analyses showed, as expected, that risky sexual scripts informed risky sexual behavior, and thereby indirectly increased the likelihood of victimization and perpetration at T2 in both samples. More risky sexual scripts were also linked to lower levels of refusal assertiveness in both samples, indirectly increasing the vulnerability to victimization at T2. High sexual self-esteem decreased the probability of victimization at T2 through higher refusal assertiveness as well as through less risky sexual behavior also in both samples, whereas it increased the odds of perpetration at T2 via higher initiation assertiveness in the Turkish sample only. Furthermore, high religiosity decreased the odds of perpetration and victimization at T2 through less risky sexual scripts and less risky sexual behavior in both samples. It reduced the vulnerability to victimization through less risky sexual scripts and higher refusal assertiveness in the Chilean sample only. In the Turkish sample only, it increased the odds of perpetration and victimization through lower sexual self-esteem. Conclusions: The findings showed that sexual aggression is a widespread problem in both Chile and Turkey, contributing cross-cultural evidence to the international knowledge base and indicating the clear need for implementing policy measures and prevention strategies in each country. Based on the results of the prospective analyses, concrete implications for intervention efforts are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{GrimmSeyfarth2017,
  author    = {Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret},
  title     = {Effects of climate change on a reptile community in arid Australia},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412655},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {IX, 184},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Dies ist eine kumulative Dissertation, die drei Originalstudien umfasst (eine publiziert, eine in Revision, eine eingereicht; Stand Dezember 2017). Sie untersucht, wie Reptilienarten im ariden Australien auf verschiedene klimatische Parameter verschiedener r{\"a}umlicher Skalen reagieren und analysiert dabei zwei m{\"o}gliche zugrunde liegende Hauptmechanismen: Thermoregulatorisches Verhalten und zwischenartliche Wechselwirkungen. In dieser Dissertation wurden umfassende, individuenbasierte Felddaten verschiedener trophischer Ebenen kombiniert mit ausgew{\"a}hlten Feldexperimenten, statistischen Analysen, und Vorhersagemodellen. Die hier erkannten Mechanismen und Prozesse k{\"o}nnen nun genutzt werden, um m{\"o}gliche Ver{\"a}nderungen der ariden Reptiliengesellschaft in der Zukunft vorherzusagen. Dieses Wissen wird dazu beitragen, dass unser Grundverst{\"a}ndnis {\"u}ber die Konsequenzen des globalen Wandels verbessert und Biodiversit{\"a}tsverlust in diesem anf{\"a}lligen {\"O}kosystem verhindert wird.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Leupelt2017,
  author    = {Leupelt, Anke Verena},
  title     = {Hormonelle K{\"o}rpergewichtsregulation nach Gewichtsreduktion im Rahmen der multimodalen randomisierten Interventionsstudie MAINTAIN},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413181},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XIII, 104},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Adipositas wird mit einer Vielzahl schwerwiegender Folgeerkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Eine Gewichtsreduktion f{\"u}hrt zu einer Verbesserung der metabolischen Folgen der Adipositas. Es ist bekannt, dass die Mehrzahl der adip{\"o}sen Personen in den Monaten nach der Gewichtsreduktion einen Großteil des abgenommenen Gewichts wieder zunimmt. Nichtsdestotrotz existiert eine hohe Variabilit{\"a}t hinsichtlich des Langzeiterfolges einer Gewichtsreduktion. Der erfolgreiche Erhalt des reduzierten K{\"o}rpergewichts einiger Personen f{\"u}hrt zu der Frage nach den Faktoren, die einen Gewichtserhalt beeinflussen, mit dem Ziel einen Ansatzpunkt f{\"u}r m{\"o}gliche Therapiestrategien zu identifizieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde im Rahmen einer kontrollierten, randomisierten Studie mit 143 {\"u}bergewichtigen Probanden untersucht, ob nach einer dreimonatigen Gewichtsreduktion eine zw{\"o}lfmonatige gewichtsstabilisierende Lebensstilintervention einen Einfluss auf die Ver{\"a}nderungen der neuroendokrinen Regelkreisl{\"a}ufe und damit auf den langfristigen Gewichtserhalt {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von achtzehn Monaten hat. Hierbei wurde im Vergleich der beiden Behandlungsgruppen prim{\"a}r festgestellt, dass die multimodale Lebensstilintervention zu einer Gewichtstabilisierung {\"u}ber die Dauer dieser zw{\"o}lfmonatigen Behandlungsphase f{\"u}hrte. In der Kontrollgruppe kam es zu einer moderaten Gewichtszunahme . Dadurch war nach Beendigung der Interventionsphase der BMI der Teilnehmer in der Kontrollgruppe h{\"o}her als der in der Interventionsgruppe (34,1±6,0 kg*m-2 vs. 32,4±5,7 kg*m-2; p<0,01). W{\"a}hrend der Nachbeobachtungszeit war die Interventionsgruppe durch eine signifikant st{\"a}rkere Gewichtswiederzunahme im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe gekennzeichnet, so dass der BMI zwischen beiden Behandlungsgruppen bereits sechs Monate nach der Intervention keinen Unterschied mehr aufwies. Bez{\"u}glich der hormonellen Ver{\"a}nderung durch die Gewichtsreduktion wurde, wie erwartet, eine Auslenkung des endokrinen Systems beobachtet. Jedoch konnte kein Unterschied der untersuchten Hormone im Vergleich der beiden Behandlungsgruppen ausfindig gemacht werden. Im Verlauf der Gewichtsabnahme und der anschließenden Studienphasen zeigten sich tendenziell drei verschiedene Verlaufsmuster in den hormonellen Ver{\"a}nderungen. Nach einer zus{\"a}tzlichen Adjustierung auf den jeweiligen BMI des Untersuchungszeitpunktes konnte f{\"u}r die TSH-Spiegel (p<0,05), die Schilddr{\"u}senhormone (p<0,001) und f{\"u}r die IGF 1-Spiegel (p<0,001) eine {\"u}ber die Studienzeit anhaltende Ver{\"a}nderung festgestellt werden. Abschließend wurde behandlungsgruppenunabh{\"a}ngig untersucht, ob die Hormonspiegel nach Gewichtsreduktion oder ob die relative hormonelle Ver{\"a}nderung w{\"a}hrend der Gewichtsreduktion pr{\"a}diktiv f{\"u}r den Erfolg der Gewichterhaltungsphase ist. Hier fand sich f{\"u}r die Mehrzahl der hormonellen Parameter kein Effekt auf die Langzeitentwicklung der Gewichtszunahme. Jedoch konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine geringere Abnahme der 24h Urin-Metanephrin-Ausscheidung w{\"a}hrend der Gewichtsabnahmephase mit einem besseren Erfolg bez{\"u}glich des Gewichtserhalts {\"u}ber die achtzehnmonatige Studienzeit assoziiert war (standardisiertes Beta= -0,365; r2=0,133 p<0,01). Die anderen hormonellen Achsen zeigten keinen nachweislichen Effekt.},
  language  = {de}
}