@article{SmieliauskasBewleyGronewoldetal.2016, author = {Smieliauskas, Wally and Bewley, Kathryn and Gronewold, Ulfert and Menzefricke, Ulrich}, title = {Misleading Forecasts in Accounting Estimates}, series = {Journal of business ethics}, volume = {152}, journal = {Journal of business ethics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0167-4544}, doi = {10.1007/s10551-016-3289-1}, pages = {437 -- 457}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The current financial reporting environment, with its increasing use of accounting estimates, including fair value estimates, suggests that unethical accounting estimates may be a growing concern. This paper provides explanations and empirical evidence for why some types of accounting estimates in financial reporting may promote a form of ethical blindness. These types of ethical blindness can have an escalating effect that corrupts not only an individual or organization but also the accounting profession and the public interest it serves. Ethical blindness in the standards of professional accountants may be a factor in the extent of misreporting, and may have taken on new urgency as a result of the proposals to change the conceptual framework for financial reporting using international standards. The social consequences for users of financial statements can be huge. The acquittal of former Nortel executives on fraud charges related to accounting manipulations is viewed by many as legitimizing accounting gamesmanship. This decision illustrates that the courts may not be the best place to deal with ethical reporting issues. The courts may be relied on for only the most egregious unethical conduct and, even then, the accounting profession is ill equipped to assist the legal system in prosecuting accounting fraud unless the standards have been clarified. We argue that the problem of unethical reporting should be addressed by the accounting profession itself, preferably as a key part of the conceptual framework that supports accounting and auditing standards, and the codes of ethical conduct that underpin the professionalism of accountants.}, language = {en} } @article{MoeringLeino2016, author = {M{\"o}ring, Sebastian and Leino, Olli Tapio}, title = {Beyond games as political education}, series = {Journal of Gaming \& Virtual Worlds}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of Gaming \& Virtual Worlds}, number = {2}, publisher = {Intellect}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1757-191X}, doi = {10.1386/jgvw.8.2.145_1}, pages = {145 -- 161}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article introduces the juxtaposed notions of liberal and neo-liberal gameplay in order to show that, while forms of contemporary game culture are heavily influenced by neo-liberalism, they often appear under a liberal disguise. The argument is grounded in Claus Pias' idea of games as always a product of their time in terms of economic, political and cultural history. The article shows that romantic play theories (e.g. Schiller, Huizinga and Caillois) are circling around the notion of play as 'free', which emerged in parallel with the philosophy of liberalism and respective socio-economic developments such as the industrialization and the rise of the nation state. It shows further that contemporary discourse in computer game studies addresses computer game/play as if it still was the romantic form of play rooted in the paradigm of liberalism. The article holds that an account that acknowledges the neo-liberalist underpinnings of computer games is more suited to addressing contemporary computer games, among which are phenomena such as free to play games, which repeat the structures of a neo-liberal society. In those games the players invest time and effort in developing their skills, although their future value is mainly speculative - just like this is the case for citizens of neo-liberal societies.}, language = {en} } @article{TrautweinFredrikssonMoelleretal.2016, author = {Trautwein, Matthias and Fredriksson, Kai and M{\"o}ller, Heiko Michael and Exner, Thomas E.}, title = {Automated assignment of NMR chemical shifts based on a known structure and 4D spectra}, series = {Journal of biomolecular NMR}, volume = {65}, journal = {Journal of biomolecular NMR}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0925-2738}, doi = {10.1007/s10858-016-0050-0}, pages = {217 -- 236}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Apart from their central role during 3D structure determination of proteins the backbone chemical shift assignment is the basis for a number of applications, like chemical shift perturbation mapping and studies on the dynamics of proteins. This assignment is not a trivial task even if a 3D protein structure is known and needs almost as much effort as the assignment for structure prediction if performed manually. We present here a new algorithm based solely on 4D [H-1, N-15]-HSQC-NOESY-[H-1, N-15]-HSQC spectra which is able to assign a large percentage of chemical shifts (73-82 \%) unambiguously, demonstrated with proteins up to a size of 250 residues. For the remaining residues, a small number of possible assignments is filtered out. This is done by comparing distances in the 3D structure to restraints obtained from the peak volumes in the 4D spectrum. Using dead-end elimination, assignments are removed in which at least one of the restraints is violated. Including additional information from chemical shift predictions, a complete unambiguous assignment was obtained for Ubiquitin and 95 \% of the residues were correctly assigned in the 251 residue-long N-terminal domain of enzyme I. The program including source code is available at https://github.com/thomasexner/4Dassign.}, language = {en} } @article{MaierPoluektovJesteretal.2016, author = {Maier, Stefan K. and Poluektov, Georgiy and Jester, Stefan-S. and M{\"o}ller, Heiko Michael and Hoeger, Sigurd}, title = {Fast Oxidative Cyclooligomerization towards Low- and High-Symmetry Thiophene Macrocycles}, series = {Chemistry - a European journal}, volume = {22}, journal = {Chemistry - a European journal}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201503211}, pages = {1379 -- 1384}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Macrocycles with quaterthiophene subunits were obtained by cyclooligomerization by direct oxidative coupling of unsubstituted dithiophene moieties. The rings were closed with high selectivity by an \&\#945;,\&\#946;\&\#8242;-connection of the thiophenes as proven by NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of the precursor with terthiophene moieties yielded the symmetric \&\#945;,\&\#945;\&\#8242;-linked macrocycle in low yield together with various differently connected isomers. Blocking of the \&\#946;-position of the half-rings yielded selectively the \&\#945;,\&\#945;\&\#8242;-linked macrocycle. Selected cyclothiophenes were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, which displayed the formation of highly ordered 2D crystalline monolayers.}, language = {en} } @article{PrestelMoeller2016, author = {Prestel, Andreas and M{\"o}ller, Heiko Michael}, title = {Spatio-temporal control of cellular uptake achieved by photoswitchable cell-penetrating peptides}, series = {Chemical communications}, volume = {52}, journal = {Chemical communications}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1359-7345}, doi = {10.1039/c5cc06848g}, pages = {701 -- 704}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The selective uptake of compounds into specific cells of interest is a major objective in cell biology and drug delivery. By incorporation of a novel, thermostable azobenzene moiety we generated peptides that can be switched optically between an inactive state and an active, cell-penetrating state with excellent spatio-temporal control.}, language = {en} } @article{HolertYuecelJagmannetal.2016, author = {Holert, Johannes and Y{\"u}cel, Onur and Jagmann, Nina and Prestel, Andreas and M{\"o}ller, Heiko Michael and Philipp, Bodo}, title = {Identification of bypass reactions leading to the formation of one central steroid degradation intermediate in metabolism of different bile salts in Pseudomonas sp strain Chol1}, series = {Environmental microbiology}, volume = {18}, journal = {Environmental microbiology}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1462-2912}, doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.13192}, pages = {3373 -- 3389}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{StolleMichaelisRauberg2016, author = {Stolle, Claudia and Michaelis, Ingo and Rauberg, Jan}, title = {The role of high-resolution geomagnetic field models for investigating ionospheric currents at low Earth orbit satellites}, series = {Earth, planets and space}, volume = {68}, journal = {Earth, planets and space}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1880-5981}, doi = {10.1186/s40623-016-0494-1}, pages = {10}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Low Earth orbiting geomagnetic satellite missions, such as the Swarm satellite mission, are the only means to monitor and investigate ionospheric currents on a global scale and to make in situ measurements of F region currents. High-precision geomagnetic satellite missions are also able to detect ionospheric currents during quiet-time geomagnetic conditions that only have few nanotesla amplitudes in the magnetic field. An efficient method to isolate the ionospheric signals from satellite magnetic field measurements has been the use of residuals between the observations and predictions from empirical geomagnetic models for other geomagnetic sources, such as the core and lithospheric field or signals from the quiet-time magnetospheric currents. This study aims at highlighting the importance of high-resolution magnetic field models that are able to predict the lithospheric field and that consider the quiet-time magnetosphere for reliably isolating signatures from ionospheric currents during geomagnetically quiet times. The effects on the detection of ionospheric currents arising from neglecting the lithospheric and magnetospheric sources are discussed on the example of four Swarm orbits during very quiet times. The respective orbits show a broad range of typical scenarios, such as strong and weak ionospheric signal (during day- and nighttime, respectively) superimposed over strong and weak lithospheric signals. If predictions from the lithosphere or magnetosphere are not properly considered, the amplitude of the ionospheric currents, such as the midlatitude Sq currents or the equatorial electrojet (EEJ), is modulated by 10-15 \% in the examples shown. An analysis from several orbits above the African sector, where the lithospheric field is significant, showed that the peak value of the signatures of the EEJ is in error by 5 \% in average when lithospheric contributions are not considered, which is in the range of uncertainties of present empirical models of the EEJ.}, language = {en} } @article{Denecke2016, author = {Denecke, Klaus-Dieter}, title = {The partial clone of linear terms}, series = {Siberian Mathematical Journal}, volume = {57}, journal = {Siberian Mathematical Journal}, publisher = {Pleiades Publ.}, address = {New York}, issn = {0037-4466}, doi = {10.1134/S0037446616040030}, pages = {589 -- 598}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Generalizing a linear expression over a vector space, we call a term of an arbitrary type tau linear if its every variable occurs only once. Instead of the usual superposition of terms and of the total many-sorted clone of all terms in the case of linear terms, we define the partial many-sorted superposition operation and the partial many-sorted clone that satisfies the superassociative law as weak identity. The extensions of linear hypersubstitutions are weak endomorphisms of this partial clone. For a variety V of one-sorted total algebras of type tau, we define the partial many-sorted linear clone of V as the partial quotient algebra of the partial many-sorted clone of all linear terms by the set of all linear identities of V. We prove then that weak identities of this clone correspond to linear hyperidentities of V.}, language = {en} } @article{Leib2016, author = {Leib, Julia}, title = {Shaping peace: an investigation of the mechanisms underlying post-conflict peacebuilding}, series = {Peace, conflict \& development : an interdisciplinary journal}, journal = {Peace, conflict \& development : an interdisciplinary journal}, number = {22}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Bradford}, issn = {1742-0601}, pages = {25 -- 76}, year = {2016}, abstract = {What shapes peace, and how can peace be successfully built in those countries affected by armed conflict? This paper examines mpeacebuilding in the aftermath of civil wars in order to identify the conditions for post-conflict peace. The field of civil war research is characterised by case studies, comparative analyses and quantitative research, which relate relatively little to each other. Furthermore, the complex dynamics of peacebuilding have hardly been investigated so far. Thus, the question remains of how best to enhance the prospects of a stable peace in post-conflict societies. Therefore, it is necessary to capture the dynamics of post-conflict peace. This paper aims at helping to narrow these research gaps by 1) presenting the benefits of set theoretic methods for peace and conflict studies; 2) identifying remote conflict environment factors and proximate peacebuilding factors which have an influence on the peacebuilding process and 3) proposing a set-theoretic multi-method research approach in order to identify the causal structures and mechanisms underlying the complex realm of post-conflict peacebuilding. By implementing this transparent and systematic comparative approach, it will become possible to discover the dynamics of post-conflict peace.}, language = {en} } @article{AbseherMusliuWoltranetal.2016, author = {Abseher, Michael and Musliu, Nysret and Woltran, Stefan and Gebser, Martin and Schaub, Torsten H.}, title = {Shift Design with Answer Set Programming}, series = {Fundamenta informaticae}, volume = {147}, journal = {Fundamenta informaticae}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-2968}, doi = {10.3233/FI-2016-1396}, pages = {1 -- 25}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a powerful declarative programming paradigm that has been successfully applied to many different domains. Recently, ASP has also proved successful for hard optimization problems like course timetabling and travel allotment. In this paper, we approach another important task, namely, the shift design problem, aiming at an alignment of a minimum number of shifts in order to meet required numbers of employees (which typically vary for different time periods) in such a way that over- and understaffing is minimized. We provide an ASP encoding of the shift design problem, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been addressed by ASP yet. Our experimental results demonstrate that ASP is capable of improving the best known solutions to some benchmark problems. Other instances remain challenging and make the shift design problem an interesting benchmark for ASP-based optimization methods.}, language = {en} }