@article{BaritelloSalzwedelSuendermannetal.2021,
  author    = {Baritello, Omar and Salzwedel, Annett and S{\"u}ndermann, Simon and Niebauer, Josef and V{\"o}ller, Heinz},
  title     = {The Pandora's Box of frailty assessments: Which is the best for clinical purposes in TAVI patients? A critical review},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  edition   = {19},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10194506},
  pages     = {1 -- 17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95\% confidence interval (CI) 6.50-33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95\% CI 1.80-5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95\% CI 2.71-86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95\% CI 1.55-4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrahmsHortobagyiKressigetal.2021,
  author    = {Brahms, Clemens Markus and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Kressig, Reto W. and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {The Interaction between mobility status and exercise specificity in older adults},
  series = {Exercise and sport sciences reviews},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Exercise and sport sciences reviews},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Hagerstown, Md.},
  issn      = {0091-6331},
  doi       = {10.1249/JES.0000000000000237},
  pages     = {15 -- 22},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Many adults older than 60 yr experience mobility limitations. Although physical exercise improves older adults' mobility, differences in baseline mobility produce large variations in individual responses to interventions, and these responses could further vary by the type and dose of exercise. Here, we propose an exercise prescription model for older adults based on their current mobility status.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GranacherLacroixRoettgeretal.2014,
  author    = {Granacher, Urs and Lacroix, Andre and Roettger, Katrin and Gollhofer, Albert and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas},
  title     = {Relationships between trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, and balance performance in older adults},
  series = {Journal of aging and physical activity},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Journal of aging and physical activity},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.},
  address   = {Champaign},
  issn      = {1063-8652},
  doi       = {10.1123/JAPA.2013-0108},
  pages     = {490 -- 498},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {This study investigated associations between variables of trunk muscle strength (TMS), spinal mobility, and balance in seniors. Thirty-four seniors (sex: 18 female, 16 male; age: 70 +/- 4 years; activity level: 13 +/- 7 hr/week) were tested for maximal isometric strength (MIS) of the trunk extensors, flexors, lateral flexors, rotators, spinal mobility, and steady-state, reactive, and proactive balance. Significant correlations were detected between all measures of TMS and static steady-state balance (r = .43.57, p < .05). Significant correlations were observed between specific measures of TMS and dynamic steady-state balance (r = .42.55, p < .05). No significant correlations were found between all variables of TMS and reactive/proactive balance and between all variables of spinal mobility and balance. Regression analyses revealed that TMS explains between 1-33\% of total variance of the respective balance parameters. Findings indicate that TMS is related to measures of steady-state balance which may imply that TMS promoting exercises should be integrated in strength training for seniors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoigtScheffler2011,
  author    = {Voigt, Andrea and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Manual abilities of the elderly - handgrip strength, finger and thumb push strength and opening strength in age comparison},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0090},
  pages     = {167 -- 173},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this paper is to display the static strength capacities of healthy adults in different age categories. A total of 279 healthy German adults at the ages of 20 to 29 years, 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years generated their maximum static handgrip, index finger and thumb push strength, as well as their maximum opening strength on a smooth jar lid of 85 mm diameter and on a knurled bottle lid of 31 mm with their right hand. The results show larger male strength than female strength. Significant age-induced differences appear primarily in opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years in male subjects and in female opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 60 to 69 years as well as between the age groups 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years. Of greatest interest is that elderly men show the largest opening strengths.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VigoritoAbreuAmbrosettietal.2017,
  author    = {Vigorito, Carlo and Abreu, Ana and Ambrosetti, Marco and Belardinelli, Romualdo and Corra, Ugo and Cupples, Margaret and Davos, Constantinos H. and Hoefer, Stefan and Iliou, Marie-Christine and Schmid, Jean-Paul and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Doherty, Patrick},
  title     = {Frailty and cardiac rehabilitation: A call to action from the EAPC Cardiac Rehabilitation Section},
  series = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2047-4873},
  doi       = {10.1177/2047487316682579},
  pages     = {577 -- 590},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterised by a vulnerability status associated with declining function of multiple physiological systems and loss of physiological reserves. Two main models of frailty have been advanced: the phenotypic model (primary frailty) or deficits accumulation model (secondary frailty), and different instruments have been proposed and validated to measure frailty. However measured, frailty correlates to medical outcomes in the elderly, and has been shown to have prognostic value for patients in different clinical settings, such as in patients with coronary artery disease, after cardiac surgery or transvalvular aortic valve replacement, in patients with chronic heart failure or after left ventricular assist device implantation. The prevalence, clinical and prognostic relevance of frailty in a cardiac rehabilitation setting has not yet been well characterised, despite the increasing frequency of elderly patients in cardiac rehabilitation, where frailty is likely to influence the onset, type and intensity of the exercise training programme and the design of tailored rehabilitative interventions for these patients. Therefore, we need to start looking for frailty in elderly patients entering cardiac rehabilitation programmes and become more familiar with some of the tools to recognise and evaluate the severity of this condition. Furthermore, we need to better understand whether exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation may change the course and the prognosis of frailty in cardiovascular patients.},
  language  = {en}
}