@article{KucharskiErgintavAhmadetal.2019,
  author    = {Kucharski, Maciej and Ergintav, Arzu and Ahmad, Wael Abdullah and Krstić, Miloš and Ng, Herman Jalli and Kissinger, Dietmar},
  title     = {A Scalable 79-GHz Radar Platform Based on Single-Channel Transceivers},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers},
  address   = {Piscataway},
  issn      = {0018-9480},
  doi       = {10.1109/TMTT.2019.2914104},
  pages     = {3882 -- 3896},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {This paper presents a scalable E-band radar platform based on single-channel fully integrated transceivers (TRX) manufactured using 130-nm silicon-germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology. The TRX is suitable for flexible radar systems exploiting massive multiple-input-multipleoutput (MIMO) techniques for multidimensional sensing. A fully integrated fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) comprising a 39.5-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator is used to generate wideband frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) chirp for E-band radar front ends. The TRX is equipped with a vector modulator (VM) for high-speed carrier modulation and beam-forming techniques. A single TRX achieves 19.2-dBm maximum output power and 27.5-dB total conversion gain with input-referred 1-dB compression point of -10 dBm. It consumes 220 mA from 3.3-V supply and occupies 3.96 mm(2) silicon area. A two-channel radar platform based on full-custom TRXs and PLL was fabricated to demonstrate high-precision and high-resolution FMCW sensing. The radar enables up to 10-GHz frequency ramp generation in 74-84-GHz range, which results in 1.5-cm spatial resolution. Due to high output power, thus high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a ranging precision of 7.5 mu m for a target at 2 m was achieved. The proposed architecture supports scalable multichannel applications for automotive FMCW using a single local oscillator (LO).},
  language  = {en}
}