@phdthesis{Sorce2014,
  author    = {Sorce, Jenny},
  title     = {From Spitzer mid-infrared observations and measurements of peculiar velocities to constrained simulations of the local universe},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72486},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xx, 303},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Galaxies are observational probes to study the Large Scale Structure. Their gravitational motions are tracers of the total matter density and therefore of the Large Scale Structure. Besides, studies of structure formation and galaxy evolution rely on numerical cosmological simulations. Still, only one universe observable from a given position, in time and space, is available for comparisons with simulations. The related cosmic variance affects our ability to interpret the results. Simulations constrained by observational data are a perfect remedy to this problem. Achieving such simulations requires the projects Cosmic flows and CLUES. Cosmic flows builds catalogs of accurate distance measurements to map deviations from the expansion. These measures are mainly obtained with the galaxy luminosity-rotation rate correlation. We present the calibration of that relation in the mid-infrared with observational data from Spitzer Space Telescope. Resulting accurate distance estimates will be included in the third catalog of the project. In the meantime, two catalogs up to 30 and 150 Mpc/h have been released. We report improvements and applications of the CLUES' method on these two catalogs. The technique is based on the constrained realization algorithm. The cosmic displacement field is computed with the Zel'dovich approximation. This latter is then reversed to relocate reconstructed three-dimensional constraints to their precursors' positions in the initial field. The size of the second catalog (8000 galaxies within 150 Mpc/h) highlighted the importance of minimizing the observational biases. By carrying out tests on mock catalogs, built from cosmological simulations, a method to minimize observational bias can be derived. Finally, for the first time, cosmological simulations are constrained solely by peculiar velocities. The process is successful as resulting simulations resemble the Local Universe. The major attractors and voids are simulated at positions approaching observational positions by a few megaparsecs, thus reaching the limit imposed by the linear theory.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Soja2014,
  author    = {Soja, Aleksandra Maria},
  title     = {Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana during abiotic stress},
  pages     = {134},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Serrano2014,
  author    = {Serrano, Paloma},
  title     = {Methanogens from Siberian permafrost as models for life on Mars : response to simulated martian conditions and biosignature characterization},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72299},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Mars is one of the best candidates among planetary bodies for supporting life. The presence of water in the form of ice and atmospheric vapour together with the availability of biogenic elements and energy are indicators of the possibility of hosting life as we know it. The occurrence of permanently frozen ground - permafrost, is a common phenomenon on Mars and it shows multiple morphological analogies with terrestrial permafrost. Despite the extreme inhospitable conditions, highly diverse microbial communities inhabit terrestrial permafrost in large numbers. Among these are methanogenic archaea, which are anaerobic chemotrophic microorganisms that meet many of the metabolic and physiological requirements for survival on the martian subsurface. Moreover, methanogens from Siberian permafrost are extremely resistant against different types of physiological stresses as well as simulated martian thermo-physical and subsurface conditions, making them promising model organisms for potential life on Mars. The main aims of this investigation are to assess the survival of methanogenic archaea under Mars conditions, focusing on methanogens from Siberian permafrost, and to characterize their biosignatures by means of Raman spectroscopy, a powerful technology for microbial identification that will be used in the ExoMars mission. For this purpose, methanogens from Siberian permafrost and non-permafrost habitats were subjected to simulated martian desiccation by exposure to an ultra-low subfreezing temperature (-80ºC) and to Mars regolith (S-MRS and P-MRS) and atmospheric analogues. They were also exposed to different concentrations of perchlorate, a strong oxidant found in martian soils. Moreover, the biosignatures of methanogens were characterized at the single-cell level using confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM). The results showed survival and methane production in all methanogenic strains under simulated martian desiccation. After exposure to subfreezing temperatures, Siberian permafrost strains had a faster metabolic recovery, whereas the membranes of non-permafrost methanogens remained intact to a greater extent. The strain Methanosarcina soligelidi SMA-21 from Siberian permafrost showed significantly higher methane production rates than all other strains after the exposure to martian soil and atmospheric analogues, and all strains survived the presence of perchlorate at the concentration on Mars. Furthermore, CRM analyses revealed remarkable differences in the overall chemical composition of permafrost and non-permafrost strains of methanogens, regardless of their phylogenetic relationship. The convergence of the chemical composition in non-sister permafrost strains may be the consequence of adaptations to the environment, and could explain their greater resistance compared to the non-permafrost strains. As part of this study, Raman spectroscopy was evaluated as an analytical technique for remote detection of methanogens embedded in a mineral matrix. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the survival limits of methanogenic archaea under simulated martian conditions to further assess the hypothetical existence of life similar to methanogens on the martian subsurface. In addition, the overall chemical composition of methanogens was characterized for the first time by means of confocal Raman microspectroscopy, with potential implications for astrobiological research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Senyuk2014,
  author    = {Senyuk, Ulyana},
  title     = {Zum Status relativ{\"a}hnlicher S{\"a}tze im Fr{\"u}hneuhochdeutschen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91673},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {vi, 276},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit den sogenannten relativ{\"a}hnlichen S{\"a}tzen im Fr{\"u}hneuhochdeutschen und leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Subordinationsforschung des {\"a}lteren Deutsch. Relativ{\"a}hnliche S{\"a}tze sind formal durch ein satzinitiales anaphorisches d-Element und die Endstellung des finiten Verbs gekennzeichnet. Semantisch gesehen beziehen sie sich auf den vorangehenden Satz als Ganzes, indem sie ihn in bestimmter Weise weiterf{\"u}hren oder kommentieren. In der bisherigen Forschung werden diese S{\"a}tze satztypologisch als Haupts{\"a}tze mit Verbendstellung analysiert (vgl. dazu Maurer 1926, Behaghel 1932 und L{\"o}tscher 2000). Nach der ausf{\"u}hrlichen Diskussion der formalen Abh{\"a}ngigkeitsmarker im {\"a}lteren Deutsch sowie anhand einer umfangreichen korpusbasierten Untersuchung wird in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass relativ{\"a}hnliche S{\"a}tze im Fr{\"u}hneuhochdeutschen auch als abh{\"a}ngige S{\"a}tze - analog zu den weiterf{\"u}hrenden Relativs{\"a}tzen im Gegenwartsdeutschen - analysiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Die weiterf{\"u}hrenden Relativs{\"a}tze im Gegenwartsdeutschen enthalten satzinitial auch ein anaphorisches Element, das sich auf das Gesagte in dem vorangehenden Satz bezieht. Verbendstellung weisen sie ebenfalls auf (mehr zur Grammatik der weiterf{\"u}hrenden Relativs{\"a}tze vgl. insb. Brandt 1990 und Holler 2005). {\"U}ber die Untersuchung relativ{\"a}hnlicher S{\"a}tze hinaus befasst sich diese Arbeit ausf{\"u}hrlich mit formalen Abh{\"a}ngigkeitsmarkern des {\"a}lteren Deutsch, wie Verbendstellung, Einleiter und afinite Konstruktion.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Sen2014,
  author    = {Sen, Ali Tolga},
  title     = {Inversion of seismic source parameters for weak mining-induced and natural earthquakes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71914},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this thesis is to develop an automated inversion scheme to derive point and finite source parameters for weak earthquakes, here intended with the unusual meaning of earthquakes with magnitudes at the limit or below the bottom magnitude threshold of standard source inversion routines. The adopted inversion approaches entirely rely on existing inversion software, the methodological work mostly targeting the development and tuning of optimized inversion flows. The resulting inversion scheme is tested for very different datasets, and thus allows the discussion on the source inversion problem at different scales. In the first application, dealing with mining induced seismicity, the source parameters determination is addressed at a local scale, with source-sensor distance of less than 3 km. In this context, weak seismicity corresponds to event below magnitude MW 2.0, which are rarely target of automated source inversion routines. The second application considers a regional dataset, namely the aftershock sequence of the 2010 Maule earthquake (Chile), using broadband stations at regional distances, below 300 km. In this case, the magnitude range of the target aftershocks range down to MW 4.0. This dataset is here considered as a weak seismicity case, since the analysis of such moderate seismicity is generally investigated only by moment tensor inversion routines, with no attempt to resolve source duration or finite source parameters. In this work, automated multi-step inversion schemes are applied to both datasets with the aim of resolving point source parameters, both using double couple (DC) and full moment tensor (MT) models, source duration and finite source parameters. A major result of the analysis of weaker events is the increased size of resulting moment tensor catalogues, which interpretation may become not trivial. For this reason, a novel focal mechanism clustering approach is used to automatically classify focal mechanisms, allowing the investigation of the most relevant and repetitive rupture features. The inversion of the mining induced seismicity dataset reveals the repetitive occurrence of similar rupture processes, where the source geometry is controlled by the shape of the mined panel. Moreover, moment tensor solutions indicate a significant contribution of tensile processes. Also the second application highlights some characteristic geometrical features of the fault planes, which show a general consistency with the orientation of the slab. The additional inversion for source duration allowed to verify the empirical correlation for moment normalized earthquakes in subduction zones among a decreasing rupture duration with increasing source depth, which was so far only observed for larger events.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Secker2014,
  author    = {Secker, Christian},
  title     = {Polypeptoid block coloymers},
  pages     = {128},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schoenebeck2014,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}nebeck, Maria},
  title     = {Behavioural, visual, and electrophysiological correlates of infant reasoning about others' intentional actions},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {158},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schwarz2014,
  author    = {Schwarz, Franziska},
  title     = {Einfluss von Kalorienrestriktion auf den Metabolismus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-83147},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {130},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Die H{\"a}ufung von Diabetes, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und einigen Krebsarten, deren Entstehung auf {\"U}bergewicht und Bewegungsmangel zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind, ist ein aktuelles Problem unserer Gesellschaft. Insbesondere mit fortschreitendem Alter nehmen die damit einhergehenden Komplikationen zu. Umso bedeutender ist das Verst{\"a}ndnis der pathologischen Mechanismen in Folge von Adipositas, Bewegungsmangel, des Alterungsprozesses und den Einfluss-nehmenden Faktoren. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entstehung metabolischer Erkrankungen beim Menschen zu untersuchen. Die Auswertung von Verlaufsdaten anthropometrischer und metabolischer Parameter der 584 Teilnehmern der prospektiven ‚Metabolisches Syndrom Berlin Potsdam Follow-up Studie' wies f{\"u}r die gesamte Kohorte einen Anstieg an {\"U}bergewicht, ebenso eine Verschlechterung des Blutdrucks und des Glukosestoffwechsels auf. Wir untersuchten, ob das Hormon FGF21 Einfluss an dem Auftreten eines Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (T2DM) oder des Metabolischen Syndroms (MetS) hat. Wir konnten zeigen, dass Personen, die sp{\"a}ter ein MetS entwickeln, bereits zu Studienbeginn einen erh{\"o}hten FGF21-Spiegel, einen h{\"o}heren BMI, WHR, Hb1Ac und diastolischen Blutdruck aufwiesen. Neben FGF21 wurde auch Vaspin in diesem Zusammenhang untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Personen, die sp{\"a}ter einen T2DM entwickeln, neben einer Erh{\"o}hung klinischer Parameter tendenziell erh{\"o}hte Spiegel des Hormons aufwiesen. Mit FGF21 und Vaspin wurden hier zwei neue Faktoren f{\"u}r die Vorhersage des Metabolischen Syndroms bzw. Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 identifiziert. Der langfristige Effekt einer Gewichtsreduktion wurde in einer Subkohorte von 60 Personen untersucht. Der {\"u}berwiegende Teil der Probanden mit Gewichtsabnahme-Intervention nahm in der ersten sechsmonatigen Phase erfolgreich ab. Jedoch zeigte sich ein deutlicher Trend zur Wiederzunahme des verlorenen Gewichts {\"u}ber den Beobachtungszeitraum von f{\"u}nf Jahren. Von besonderem Interesse war die Absch{\"a}tzung des kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikos {\"u}ber den Framingham Score. Es wurde deutlich, dass f{\"u}r Personen mit konstanter Gewichtsabnahme ein deutlich geringeres kardiovaskul{\"a}res Risiko bestand. Hingegen zeigten Personen mit konstanter Wiederzunahme oder starken Gewichtsschwankungen ein hohes kardiovaskul{\"a}res Risiko. Unsere Daten legten nahe, dass eine erfolgreiche dauerhafte Gewichtsreduktion statistisch mit einem erniedrigten kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risiko assoziiert ist, w{\"a}hrend Probanden mit starken Gewichtsschwankungen oder einer Gewichtszunahme ein gesteigertes Risiko haben k{\"o}nnten. Um die Interaktion der molekularen Vorg{\"a}nge hinsichtlich der Gewichtsreduktion und Lebensspanne untersuchen zu k{\"o}nnen, nutzen wir den Modellorganismus C.elegans. Eine kontinuierliche Restriktion wirkte sich verl{\"a}ngernd, eine {\"U}berversorgung verk{\"u}rzend auf die Lebensspanne des Rundwurms aus. Der Einfluss eines zeitlich eingeschr{\"a}nkten, intermittierenden Nahrungsregimes, analog zum Weight-Cycling im Menschen, auf die Lebensspanne war von großem Interesse. Dieser regelm{\"a}ßige Wechsel zwischen ad libitum F{\"u}tterung und Restriktion hatte in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der H{\"a}ufigkeit der Restriktion einen unterschiedlich starken lebensverl{\"a}ngernden Effekt. Ph{\"a}nomene, wie Gewichtswiederzunahmen, sind in C.elegans nicht zu beobachten und beruhen vermutlich auf einem Mechanismus ist, der evolution{\"a}r j{\"u}nger und in C.elegans noch nicht angelegt ist. Um neue Stoffwechselwege zu identifizieren, die die Lebensspanne beeinflussen, wurden Metabolitenprofile genetischer als auch di{\"a}tetischer Langlebigkeitsmodelle analysiert. Diese Analysen wiesen den Tryptophan-Stoffwechsel als einen neuen, bisher noch nicht im Fokus stehenden Stoffwechselweg aus, der mit Langlebigkeit in Verbindung steht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schulz2014,
  author    = {Schulz, Elisa},
  title     = {The role of flavonols and anthocyanins in the cold an UV-B acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)},
  pages     = {159},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schulz2014,
  author    = {Schulz, Anneli},
  title     = {Search for gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73905},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {123},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The mystery of the origin of cosmic rays has been tackled for more than hundred years and is still not solved. Cosmic rays are detected with energies spanning more than 10 orders of magnitude and reaching energies up to ~10²¹ eV, far higher than any man-made accelerator can reach. Different theories on the astrophysical objects and processes creating such highly energetic particles have been proposed. A very prominent explanation for a process producing highly energetic particles is shock acceleration. The observation of high-energy gamma rays from supernova remnants, some of them revealing a shell like structure, is clear evidence that particles are accelerated to ultrarelativistic energies in the shocks of these objects. The environments of supernova remnants are complex and challenge detailed modelling of the processes leading to high-energy gamma-ray emission. The study of shock acceleration at bow shocks, created by the supersonic movement of individual stars through the interstellar medium, offers a unique possibility to determine the physical properties of shocks in a less complex environment. The shocked medium is heated by the stellar and the shock excited radiation, leading to thermal infrared emission. 28 bow shocks have been discovered through their infrared emission. Nonthermal radiation in radio and X-ray wavelengths has been detected from two bow shocks, pointing to the existence of relativistic particles in these systems. Theoretical models of the emission processes predict high-energy and very high-energy emission at a flux level in reach of current instruments. This work presents the search for gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars in the energy regime from 100MeV to ~100TeV. The search is performed with the large area telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi satellite and the H.E.S.S. telescopes located in the Khomas Highland in Namibia. The Fermi-LAT was launched in 2008 and is continuously scanning the sky since then. It detects photons with energies from 20MeV to over 300 GeV and has an unprecedented sensitivity. The all-sky coverage allows us to study all 28 bow shocks of runaway stars listed in the E-BOSS catalogue of infrared bow shocks. No significant emission was detected from any of the objects, although predicted by several theoretical models describing the non-thermal emission of bow shocks of runaway stars. The H.E.S.S. experiment is the most sensitive system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. It detects photons from several tens of GeV to ~100TeV. Seven of the bow shocks have been observed with H.E.S.S. and the data analysis is presented in this thesis. The analyses of the very-high energy data did not reveal significant emission from any of the sources either. This work presents the first systematic search for gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars. For the first time Fermi-LAT data was specifically analysed to reveal emission from bow shocks of runaway stars. In the TeV regime no searches for emission from theses objects have been published so far, the study presented here is the first in this energy regime. The level of the gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars is constrained by the calculated upper limits over six orders in magnitude in energy. The upper limits calculated for the bow shocks of runaway stars in the course of this work, constrain several models. For the best candidate, ζ Ophiuchi, the upper limits in the Fermi-LAT energy range are lower than the predictions by a factor ~5. This challenges the assumptions made in this model and gives valuable input for further modelling approaches. The analyses were performed with the software packages provided by the H.E.S.S. and Fermi collaborations. The development of a unified analysis framework for gamma-ray data, namely GammaLib/ctools, is rapidly progressing within the CTA consortium. Recent implementations and cross-checks with current software frameworks are presented in the Appendix.},
  language  = {en}
}