@phdthesis{Littmann2024, author = {Littmann, Daniela-Christin}, title = {Large eddy simulations of the Arctic boundary layer around the MOSAiC drift track}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62437}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-624374}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 110}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The icosahedral non-hydrostatic large eddy model (ICON-LEM) was applied around the drift track of the Multidisciplinary Observatory Study of the Arctic (MOSAiC) in 2019 and 2020. The model was set up with horizontal grid-scales between 100m and 800m on areas with radii of 17.5km and 140 km. At its lateral boundaries, the model was driven by analysis data from the German Weather Service (DWD), downscaled by ICON in limited area mode (ICON-LAM) with horizontal grid-scale of 3 km. The aim of this thesis was the investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer near the surface in the central Arctic during polar winter with a high-resolution mesoscale model. The default settings in ICON-LEM prevent the model from representing the exchange processes in the Arctic boundary layer in accordance to the MOSAiC observations. The implemented sea-ice scheme in ICON does not include a snow layer on sea-ice, which causes a too slow response of the sea-ice surface temperature to atmospheric changes. To allow the sea-ice surface to respond faster to changes in the atmosphere, the implemented sea-ice parameterization in ICON was extended with an adapted heat capacity term. The adapted sea-ice parameterization resulted in better agreement with the MOSAiC observations. However, the sea-ice surface temperature in the model is generally lower than observed due to biases in the downwelling long-wave radiation and the lack of complex surface structures, like leads. The large eddy resolving turbulence closure yielded a better representation of the lower boundary layer under strongly stable stratification than the non-eddy-resolving turbulence closure. Furthermore, the integration of leads into the sea-ice surface reduced the overestimation of the sensible heat flux for different weather conditions. The results of this work help to better understand boundary layer processes in the central Arctic during the polar night. High-resolving mesoscale simulations are able to represent temporally and spatially small interactions and help to further develop parameterizations also for the application in regional and global models.}, language = {en} } @book{LinderkampHennigSchramm2024, author = {Linderkamp, Friedrich and Hennig, Timo and Schramm, Satyam Antonio}, title = {ADHS bei Jugendlichen}, edition = {2.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60872}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-608723}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2024}, abstract = {ADHS galt lange als eine St{\"o}rung des Kindesalters. Aber bis zu 80 \% der Patienten sind auch noch als Jugendliche betroffen. Gerade sie brauchen Hilfe bei ihren Problemen! In der Schule m{\"u}ssen sie {\"o}fter die Klasse wiederholen, im sozialen und emotionalen Bereich gibt es Konflikte mit Gleichaltrigen und Eltern. Unbehandelt drohen psychische St{\"o}rungen, Drogenmissbrauch oder delinquentes Verhalten. Das vorliegende Lerntraining ist das erste multimodale Behandlungskonzept f{\"u}r Jugendliche im Alter von 12 bis 17 Jahren. Es werden konkrete Probleme und Aufgaben aus Schule und Umwelt behandelt, um daran allgemeine Strategien herzuleiten. Eltern und Lehrer werden intensiv in die Behandlung mit einbezogen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Limberger2024, author = {Limberger, Daniel}, title = {Concepts and techniques for 3D-embedded treemaps and their application to software visualization}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-632014}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 118}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This thesis addresses concepts and techniques for interactive visualization of hierarchical data using treemaps. It explores (1) how treemaps can be embedded in 3D space to improve their information content and expressiveness, (2) how the readability of treemaps can be improved using level-of-detail and degree-of-interest techniques, and (3) how to design and implement a software framework for the real-time web-based rendering of treemaps embedded in 3D. With a particular emphasis on their application, use cases from software analytics are taken to test and evaluate the presented concepts and techniques. Concerning the first challenge, this thesis shows that a 3D attribute space offers enhanced possibilities for the visual mapping of data compared to classical 2D treemaps. In particular, embedding in 3D allows for improved implementation of visual variables (e.g., by sketchiness and color weaving), provision of new visual variables (e.g., by physically based materials and in situ templates), and integration of visual metaphors (e.g., by reference surfaces and renderings of natural phenomena) into the three-dimensional representation of treemaps. For the second challenge—the readability of an information visualization—the work shows that the generally higher visual clutter and increased cognitive load typically associated with three-dimensional information representations can be kept low in treemap-based representations of both small and large hierarchical datasets. By introducing an adaptive level-of-detail technique, we cannot only declutter the visualization results, thereby reducing cognitive load and mitigating occlusion problems, but also summarize and highlight relevant data. Furthermore, this approach facilitates automatic labeling, supports the emphasis on data outliers, and allows visual variables to be adjusted via degree-of-interest measures. The third challenge is addressed by developing a real-time rendering framework with WebGL and accumulative multi-frame rendering. The framework removes hardware constraints and graphics API requirements, reduces interaction response times, and simplifies high-quality rendering. At the same time, the implementation effort for a web-based deployment of treemaps is kept reasonable. The presented visualization concepts and techniques are applied and evaluated for use cases in software analysis. In this domain, data about software systems, especially about the state and evolution of the source code, does not have a descriptive appearance or natural geometric mapping, making information visualization a key technology here. In particular, software source code can be visualized with treemap-based approaches because of its inherently hierarchical structure. With treemaps embedded in 3D, we can create interactive software maps that visually map, software metrics, software developer activities, or information about the evolution of software systems alongside their hierarchical module structure. Discussions on remaining challenges and opportunities for future research for 3D-embedded treemaps and their applications conclude the thesis.}, language = {en} } @article{LimSamperMejia2024, author = {Lim, Misun and Samper Mejia, Cristina}, title = {Race and cohort differences in family status in the United States}, series = {Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world}, volume = {10}, journal = {Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, issn = {2378-0231}, doi = {10.1177/23780231241241041}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this visualization, the authors show changes in family patterns by different race groups across two cohorts. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (born from 1957 to 1965) and 1997 (born from 1980 to 1984), the authors visualize the relationship-parenthood state distributions at each age between 15 and 35 years by race and cohort. The results suggest the rise of cohabiting mothers and the decline of married and divorced mothers among women born from 1980 to 1984. Black women born from 1980 to 1984 were more likely to experience single/childless and single/parent status compared with Black women born from 1957 to 1965. Although with some visible postponement in the recent cohort, white women in both cohorts were more likely to experience married/parent status than other race groups. The decline in married/parent status across the two generations was sharpest among Hispanic women. These descriptive findings highlight the importance of identifying race when discussing changes in family formation and dissolution trends across generations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lilienkamp2024, author = {Lilienkamp, Henning}, title = {Enhanced computational approaches for data-driven characterization of earthquake ground motion and rapid earthquake impact assessment}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63195}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631954}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 145}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Rapidly growing seismic and macroseismic databases and simplified access to advanced machine learning methods have in recent years opened up vast opportunities to address challenges in engineering and strong motion seismology from novel, datacentric perspectives. In this thesis, I explore the opportunities of such perspectives for the tasks of ground motion modeling and rapid earthquake impact assessment, tasks with major implications for long-term earthquake disaster mitigation. In my first study, I utilize the rich strong motion database from the Kanto basin, Japan, and apply the U-Net artificial neural network architecture to develop a deep learning based ground motion model. The operational prototype provides statistical estimates of expected ground shaking, given descriptions of a specific earthquake source, wave propagation paths, and geophysical site conditions. The U-Net interprets ground motion data in its spatial context, potentially taking into account, for example, the geological properties in the vicinity of observation sites. Predictions of ground motion intensity are thereby calibrated to individual observation sites and earthquake locations. The second study addresses the explicit incorporation of rupture forward directivity into ground motion modeling. Incorporation of this phenomenon, causing strong, pulse like ground shaking in the vicinity of earthquake sources, is usually associated with an intolerable increase in computational demand during probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. I suggest an approach in which I utilize an artificial neural network to efficiently approximate the average, directivity-related adjustment to ground motion predictions for earthquake ruptures from the 2022 New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. The practical implementation in an actual PSHA calculation demonstrates the efficiency and operational readiness of my model. In a follow-up study, I present a proof of concept for an alternative strategy in which I target the generalizing applicability to ruptures other than those from the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. In the third study, I address the usability of pseudo-intensity reports obtained from macroseismic observations by non-expert citizens for rapid impact assessment. I demonstrate that the statistical properties of pseudo-intensity collections describing the intensity of shaking are correlated with the societal impact of earthquakes. In a second step, I develop a probabilistic model that, within minutes of an event, quantifies the probability of an earthquake to cause considerable societal impact. Under certain conditions, such a quick and preliminary method might be useful to support decision makers in their efforts to organize auxiliary measures for earthquake disaster response while results from more elaborate impact assessment frameworks are not yet available. The application of machine learning methods to datasets that only partially reveal characteristics of Big Data, qualify the majority of results obtained in this thesis as explorative insights rather than ready-to-use solutions to real world problems. The practical usefulness of this work will be better assessed in the future by applying the approaches developed to growing and increasingly complex data sets.}, language = {en} } @book{LiberatoscioliBorysek2024, author = {Liberatoscioli, Davide and Bor{\´y}sek, Martin}, title = {The many faces of early modern Italian Jewry}, series = {Europ{\"a}isch-j{\"u}dische Studien - Beitr{\"a}ge}, volume = {65}, journal = {Europ{\"a}isch-j{\"u}dische Studien - Beitr{\"a}ge}, publisher = {De Gruyter Oldenbourg}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11-104915-1}, pages = {321}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Jewish population of early modern Italy was characterised by its inner diversity, which found its expression in the coexistence of various linguistic, cultural and liturgical traditions, as well as social and economic patterns. The contributions in this volume aim to explore crucial questions concerning the self-perception and identity of early modern Italian Jews from new perspectives and angles.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Li2024, author = {Li, Yunfei}, title = {On the influence of density and morphology on the Urban Heat Island intensity}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62150}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-621504}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xviii, 119}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The urban heat island (UHI) effect, describing an elevated temperature of urban areas compared with their natural surroundings, can expose urban dwellers to additional heat stress, especially during hot summer days. A comprehensive understanding of the UHI dynamics along with urbanization is of great importance to efficient heat stress mitigation strategies towards sustainable urban development. This is, however, still challenging due to the difficulties of isolating the influences of various contributing factors that interact with each other. In this work, I present a systematical and quantitative analysis of how urban intrinsic properties (e.g., urban size, density, and morphology) influence UHI intensity. To this end, we innovatively combine urban growth modelling and urban climate simulation to separate the influence of urban intrinsic factors from that of background climate, so as to focus on the impact of urbanization on the UHI effect. The urban climate model can create a laboratory environment which makes it possible to conduct controlled experiments to separate the influences from different driving factors, while the urban growth model provides detailed 3D structures that can be then parameterized into different urban development scenarios tailored for these experiments. The novelty in the methodology and experiment design leads to the following achievements of our work. First, we develop a stochastic gravitational urban growth model that can generate 3D structures varying in size, morphology, compactness, and density gradient. We compare various characteristics, like fractal dimensions (box-counting, area-perimeter scaling, area-population scaling, etc.), and radial gradient profiles of land use share and population density, against those of real-world cities from empirical studies. The model shows the capability of creating 3D structures resembling real-world cities. This model can generate 3D structure samples for controlled experiments to assess the influence of some urban intrinsic properties in question. [Chapter 2] With the generated 3D structures, we run several series of simulations with urban structures varying in properties like size, density and morphology, under the same weather conditions. Analyzing how the 2m air temperature based canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) intensity varies in response to the changes of the considered urban factors, we find the CUHI intensity of a city is directly related to the built-up density and an amplifying effect that urban sites have on each other. We propose a Gravitational Urban Morphology (GUM) indicator to capture the neighbourhood warming effect. We build a regression model to estimate the CUHI intensity based on urban size, urban gross building volume, and the GUM indicator. Taking the Berlin area as an example, we show the regression model capable of predicting the CUHI intensity under various urban development scenarios. [Chapter 3] Based on the multi-annual average summer surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity derived from Land surface temperature, we further study how urban intrinsic factors influence the SUHI effect of the 5,000 largest urban clusters in Europe. We find a similar 3D GUM indicator to be an effective predictor of the SUHI intensity of these European cities. Together with other urban factors (vegetation condition, elevation, water coverage), we build different multivariate linear regression models and a climate space based Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model that can better predict SUHI intensity. By investigating the roles background climate factors play in modulating the coefficients of the GWR model, we extend the multivariate linear model to a nonlinear one by integrating some climate parameters, such as the average of daily maximal temperature and latitude. This makes it applicable across a range of background climates. The nonlinear model outperforms linear models in SUHI assessment as it captures the interaction of urban factors and the background climate. [Chapter 4] Our work reiterates the essential roles of urban density and morphology in shaping the urban thermal environment. In contrast to many previous studies that link bigger cities with higher UHI intensity, we show that cities larger in the area do not necessarily experience a stronger UHI effect. In addition, the results extend our knowledge by demonstrating the influence of urban 3D morphology on the UHI effect. This underlines the importance of inspecting cities as a whole from the 3D perspective. While urban 3D morphology is an aggregated feature of small-scale urban elements, the influence it has on the city-scale UHI intensity cannot simply be scaled up from that of its neighbourhood-scale components. The spatial composition and configuration of urban elements both need to be captured when quantifying urban 3D morphology as nearby neighbourhoods also cast influences on each other. Our model serves as a useful UHI assessment tool for the quantitative comparison of urban intervention/development scenarios. It can support harnessing the capacity of UHI mitigation through optimizing urban morphology, with the potential of integrating climate change into heat mitigation strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{Lettl2024, author = {Lettl, Tobias}, title = {Rechtsfolgen der Missbr{\"a}uchlichkeit einer Vertragsklausel nach Art. 6 Abs. 1 RL 93/13/EWG (Klausel-RL) und Art. 13 Abs. 1, 7 VO (EU) 2023/2854 (Datenverordnung oder Data-Act)}, series = {Wertpapier-Mitteilungen Teil 4, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Bankrecht}, volume = {78}, journal = {Wertpapier-Mitteilungen Teil 4, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Bankrecht}, number = {5}, publisher = {Herausgebergemeinschaft Wertpapiermitteilungen Keppler, Lehmann}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, issn = {0342-6971}, pages = {185 -- 192}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @book{Lettl2024, author = {Lettl, Tobias}, title = {Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz}, series = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, journal = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, edition = {2}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-81740-3}, doi = {10.17104/9783406817410}, pages = {XVI, 315}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der Gewerbliche Rechtsschutz ist mit seinen Bestandteilen Patentrecht, Gebrauchsmusterrecht, Designrecht und Markenrecht ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Schwerpunktbereiche zum Wirtschaftsrecht und Gewerblichen Rechtsschutz. Die Materie ist eng mit den Problemen der Informationsgesellschaft verkn{\"u}pft und unterliegt gegenw{\"a}rtig einigen {\"A}nderungen. Der Grundriss stellt das Rechtsgebiet kompakt und hochaktuell dar. Insbesondere sind neueste Entscheidungen aus der Rechtsprechung eingearbeitet. Das Werk stellt in erster Linie die deutsche Rechtslage, stets unter Einbeziehung der Vorgaben des Rechts der Europ{\"a}ischen Union dar. Der Grundriss orientiert sich an der Struktur der Gesetze und konzentriert sich auf das f{\"u}r Ausbildung und Pr{\"u}fung Relevante. Schwerpunkte bildet dabei das f{\"u}r Pr{\"u}fungsarbeiten wie Klausuren und Hausarbeiten regelm{\"a}ßig so wichtige materielle Recht. F{\"u}r das Patentrecht, Gebrauchsmusterrecht, Designrecht und Markenrecht sind jeweils dargestellt :Schutzrechtsgegenstand Schutzrechtsinhaber Formelle Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r die Entstehung des Schutzrechts Schutzrechtsumfang Schutzrechtsdauer Verkehrsf{\"a}higkeit des Schutzrechts Rechtsfolgen bei Schutzrechtsverletzung. Die Materie wird anschaulich und mit vielen Beispielen, F{\"a}llen und Grafiken dargestellt.Vorteile auf einen Blickkompakte Darstellung des geltenden Rechts vom Autor des Wettbewerbsrechts, Kartellrechts und Urheberrechts in der Grundriss-Reihe zahlreiche Beispiele, F{\"a}lle und {\"U}bersichten zur Veranschaulichung. Mit der 2. Auflage wird das Werk auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Insbesondere sind das Zweite Gesetz zur Vereinfachung und Modernisierung des Patentrechts (2. PatMoG), das Gesetz zur Anpassung patentrechtlicher Vorschriften auf Grund der europ{\"a}ischen Patentreform, das Verbandsklagenrichtlinienumsetzungsgesetz und das Gesetz zur St{\"a}rkung des fairen Wettbewerbs ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Eingearbeitet sind außerdem die Grundlagenentscheidungen EuGH WRP 2020, 438 - Constantin Film Produktion/EUIPO ("Fack Ju G{\"o}the"), EuGH WRP 2020, 707 - Coty Germany/Amazon Services Europe u.a., EuGH WRP 2020, 707 - G{\"o}mb{\"o}c Kutat{\´o}, Szolg{\´a}to {\´e}s Kreskedelmi/Szellemi Tuljadon Nemzeti Hivatala, EuGH WRP 2020, 1007 - mk adovkaten/MBK Rechtsanw{\"a}lte, BGH GRUR 2019, 496 - Spannungsversorgungsvorrichtung, BGH WRP 2019, 1311 - Ortlieb II, BGH WRP 2020, 1311 - Quadratische Tafelschokoladenverpackung, BGH GRUR 2022, 893 - Aminos{\"a}ureproduktion.}, language = {de} } @book{Lettl2024, author = {Lettl, Tobias}, title = {Urheberrecht}, series = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, journal = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, edition = {5., neu bearbeitete Auflage}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-81757-1}, doi = {10.17104/9783406817588}, pages = {XVIII, 444}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Urheberrecht ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Wahlf{\"a}cher Wirtschaftsrecht und Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz. Gegenstand des Rechtsgebiets sind die Rechte an Werken der Literatur, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Die Materie ist eng mit den Problemen der Informationsgesellschaft verkn{\"u}pft und unterliegt gegenw{\"a}rtig zahlreichen {\"A}nderungen.Der Grundriss stellt das Rechtsgebiet kompakt und hochaktuell dar. Insbesondere sind neueste Entscheidungen aus der Rechtsprechung eingearbeitet.Das Werk stellt nicht nur das Urheberrecht im eigentlichen Sinne, sondern auch Teile des Kunsturhebergesetzes, insbesondere das Recht am eigenen Bild, eingehend dar.Der Grundriss orientiert sich an der Struktur des Gesetzes und konzentriert sich auf das f{\"u}r Ausbildung und Pr{\"u}fung Relevante. Schwerpunkte bilden dabei: Werkbegriff {\"U}bertragung von Nutzungs- und Verwertungsrechten Rechtsfolgen von Urheberrechtsverletzungen Urheberrechts-Diensteanbieter-Gesetz (UrhDaG) Recht am eigenen Bild nach 22, 23 Kunst UrhG. Die Materie wird anschaulich und mit vielen Beispielen, Schemata und Grafiken dargestellt.Vorteile auf einen Blickkompakte Darstellung des geltenden Rechts vom Autor des Gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes, Lauterkeitsrechts, Kartellrechts und Urheberrechts jeweils in der Grundriss-Reihe zahlreiche Beispiele und {\"U}bersichten zur Veranschaulichung. Mit der 5. Auflage wird das Werk auf den neuesten Stand gebracht.Insbesondere sind das Gesetz zur Anpassung des Urheberrechts an die Erfordernisse des digitalen Binnenmarktes, das Gesetz zur St{\"a}rkung des fairen Wettbewerbs sowie zahlreiche neue Grundlagenentscheidungen des BGH zum Verzicht auf das Namensnennungsrecht nach 13 S. 2 UrhG (WRP 2023, 1469 - Microstock-Portal), zur Haftung von Plattformen (WRP 2022, 1106 - YouTube II u. 1120 - up-loaded II), zur freien Benutzung (WRP 2022, 729 - Porsche 911) und zum Bildnisschutz (GRUR 2021, 1222 - Die Auserw{\"a}hlten; WRP 2022, 601 - Tina Turner) eingearbeitet.}, language = {de} }