@article{SchneebergerSchulzeScheffleretal.2021,
  author    = {Schneeberger, Karin and Schulze, Michael and Scheffler, Ingo and Caspers, Barbara A.},
  title     = {Evidence of female preference for odor of distant over local males in a bat with female dispersal},
  series = {Behavioral ecology : the official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Behavioral ecology : the official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1045-2249},
  doi       = {10.1093/beheco/arab003},
  pages     = {657 -- 661},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Geographic variation of sexually selected male traits is common in animals. Female choice also varies geographically and several studies found female preference for local males, which is assumed to lead to local adaptation and, therefore, increases fitness. As females are the nondispersing sex in most mammalian taxa, this preference for local males might be explained by the learning of male characteristics. Studies on the preference of females in female-dispersing species are lacking so far. To find out whether such females would also show preferences for local males, we conducted a study on greater sac-winged bats (Saccopteryx bilineata), a species where females disperse and males stay in their natal colony. Male greater sac-winged bats possess a wing pouch that is filled with odoriferous secretion and fanned toward females during courtship display. In a combination of chemical analysis and behavioral preference tests, we analyzed whether the composition of wing sac secretion varies between two geographically distinct populations (300 km), and whether females show a preference for local or distant male scent. Using gas chromatography, we found significant differences in the composition of the wing sac odors between the two geographically distinct populations. In addition, the behavioral preference experiments revealed that females of both populations preferred the scent of geographically distant males over local males. The wing sac odor might thus be used to guarantee optimal outbreeding when dispersing to a new colony. This is-to our knowledge-the first study on odor preference of females of a species with female-biased dispersal.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerRessler2007,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo and Ressler, Rene},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Ektoparasitenfauna (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae; Diptera: Nycteribiidae; Heteroptera: Cimicidae) an Flederm{\"a}usen in Brandenburg : Teil 2},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Investigation of the ectoparasitic fauna (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae; Diptera: Nycteribiidae; Heteroptera: Cimicidae) on bats in Brandenburg, Germany (part 2). The current investigation of bats in summer and winter quarters took place in addition to the study of Scheffler and Ressler (2005) and supplied new data for spreading and host spectrum of fleas and bat flies. With Penicillidia monoceros Speiser, 1900 on Myotis daubentoni a species of bat fly was found, which was not known in brandenburg (Germany) before. The proof of the flea species Nycteridopsylla longiceps Rothschild, 1908 at Pipistrellus pipistrellus is only the third detection in Brandenburg after 1911 and 1964. With Barbastella barbastellus the spectrum of examinated bats was extended. This species was parasitized by two flea species. On four species of bats also bugs (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)could be caught in summer quarters, which belong to the species Cimex dissimilis (Horvat, 1910). The causes of varying parasitizing rates with different species of fleas and bat flies are discussed.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerRessler2005,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo and Ressler, Rene},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Ektoparasitenfauna (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae; Diptera: Nycteribiidae) an Flederm{\"a}usen in Brandenburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Investigation of the ectoparasitic fauna (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae; Diptera: Nycteribiidae) on bats in Brandenburg, Germany. During the investigation of bats in hibernation places four species of fleas (Ischnopsyllus hexactenus (Kolenati, 1856) on Myotis myotis and Myotis nattereri, Nycteridopsylla pentactena (Kolenati, 1856)on Myotis daubentoni, Ischnopsyllus elongatus (Curtis, 1832) and Nycteridopsylla eusarca Dampf, 1908 on Nyctalus noctula) and one bat fly (Nycteribia kolenatii Theodor and Moscona, 1954 on Myotis daubentoni, Myotis natereri and Plecotus auritus were found. For the first time specimens of Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus were investigated separately in summer quarters to reveal differences in the parasitic flea fauna. Ischnopsyllus octactenus (Kolenati, 1856) was present on both bat species. The host-parasite relationship of autochthonous flea species in Brandenburg is discussed.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerHiller2010,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo and Hiller, Andre},
  title     = {Zur Ektoparasitenfauna der Flederm{\"a}use in Niedersachsen : Neue Funde am Iberg bei Bad Grund},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Bei einer aktuellen Studie am Iberg in Bad Grund konnten im September 2010 acht Fledermausarten parasitologisch untersucht werden. Die Faenge ergaben Nachweise von 11 Ektoparasitenarten (Fledermausfliegen, Floehe, Flughaut- und Ohrmilben), wobei einige davon Erstfunde fuer Niedersachsen sind. Aus den Fundangaben wurden Parasitenspektren fuer die einzelnen Wirtsarten erstellt und durch weitere unveroeffentlichte Meldungen ergaenzt. Fuer den Vergleich von Ektoparasitenspektren verschiedener Wirtsarten erfolgte die Einfuehrung einer Formel, die die Berechnung einer allgemeinen "Parasitenlast" ermoeglicht. Die Betrachtung der Verteilung von Ektoparasiten auf Individuen zeigte eine starke Trennung verschiedener Parasitengruppen, ein synchrones Vorkommen wurde nur selten registriert. Moeglicherweise ist die Konkurrenz zwischen Ektoparasitenarten ein bisher unterschaetzter determinierender Faktor fuer die Praesenz auf einem Wirt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerDolchAriunboldetal.2012,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo and Dolch, Dietrich and Ariunbold, Jargalsaikhan and Stubbe, Michael and Abraham, Andreas and Thiele, Klaus},
  title     = {Ectoparasites of bats in Mongolia : Part 2 (Ischnopsyllidae, Nycteribiidae, Cimicidae and Acari)},
  issn      = {0440-1298},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This study analyses ectoparasites found on Mongolian bats between 2008 and 2011. We examined 12 different bat species, with a total of 23 ectoparasite species present. Apart from reporting distributions, we also discuss specific host-parasite relationships. Owing to recent taxonomic changes splitting the Myotis mystacinus-group into several new taxa, their corresponding ectoparasite fauna could also be addressed in detail. Introducing ectoparasitic insects at length elsewhere (SCHEFFLER et al., 2010), this paper focuses on the analysis of parasitic Acari. Additional findings for Spinturnicidae (wing mites) and Macronyssidae broadened the spectrum of known parasites. Altogether, the knowledge of bat ectoparasites from Mongolia remains very sketchy. Based on different examples, we discuss current taxonomic problems regarding the species status of parasites, and suggest avenues for future research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerDolchAriunboldetal.2010,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo and Dolch, Dietrich and Ariunbold, Jargalsaikhan and Batsaikhan, Nyamsuren and Abraham, Andreas and Thiele, Klaus},
  title     = {Ectoparasites of bats in Mongolia (Ischnopsyllidae, Nycteribiidae, Cimicidae and Spinturnicidae)},
  issn      = {0440-1298},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {For large parts of the world, the knowledge of bat ectoparasites is still scanty. Regarding Mongolia, only few studies exist to date. This paper analyses results from extensive captures between 2005 -2008, carried out in different sites of Mongolia. Discussed ectoparasites include bat fleas, (Ischnopsyllidae), bat flies (Nycteribiidae), and bat bugs (Cimicidae) and spinturnicid mites (Spinturnicidae). A number of species found in this study were new records for Mongolia, and for many species additional sites were reported. For some bat species, the spectrum and frequency of larger ectoparasites could be determined for the first time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerBegoTheouetal.2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo and Bego, Ferdinand and Theou, Philippe and Podany, Milan and Pospischil, Reiner and H{\"u}bner, Sven},
  title     = {Ectoparasites of Bats in Albania Species Range and Host Preference Ektoparasiten der Fledermaeuse in Albanien - Artenspektren und Wirtsbindung},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {279 bat specimens of 14 species were examined for ectoparasites during the autumnal swarming period in different cave roosts in Albania. A total of 550 ectoparasites were identified belonging to 19 species. The structure of the ectoparasite fauna and the influence of body mass index and body surface area on the parasite load were discussed for the most common bat species (Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis myotis, M. capaccinii and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). The ectoparasite fauna of the studied bats in Albania is qualitatively similar to northern Bulgaria (SCHEFFLER, 2011). The bat species Myotis myotis and M. daubentonii are infested with different ectoparasites in the Balkan region during the autumn swarming period than specimens of the same bat species in Central Europe. There is a strong need of further research for most host and ectoparasite species in the entire Balkan region.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2008,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo},
  title     = {Zur F{\"a}higkeit von Ektoparasiten der Flederm{\"a}use ihre Wirte aktiv aufzusuchen},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Active host-searching in bat ectoparasites. As a pilot study, this paper discribes the mobility of ectoparasites after removing from their hosts. Spinturnix acuminatus (Koch, 1836)(Acari, Spinturnicidae) a permanent stationary bat mite normally survives the removing only a few hours. This species moves easily on the patagium or on human skin. In contrast, on other surfaces the movements of this species seems to be less orientated and it is unlikely that the mite can reach a host in some distance. Nycteribia kolenatii Theodor \& Moscona, 1954 (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) a bat fly, shows excellent movements in the fur of its host. The specimens survive the removing from the host several days. The ability to clamber up a wall was tested with a rough clay brick. The bat fly achieves only 9,6 cm on average. This result does not support good abilities for host searching in this species. Bat fleas (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae): Ischnopsyllus elongatus (Curtis, 1832), I. hexactenus (Kolenati, 1856), I. simplex (Rothschild, 1906)and other species survive the removing from their hosts several days. In case of a vertical barrier they showed a stereotype upside climbing, followed by a horizontal appetitive behavior. The fleas were climbing a distance in the upside of 6,45 m on average(1,2-21,68 m). As excellent climbers bat fleas are able to overcome edges and slopes and to crawl on the ceiling. Therefore, it seems to be no problem for a flea to parasite any bat in a resting room. Additionally, some bugs (Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758) were examinated. They run with a speed of 63 cm per minute and were able to climb easily on the brick. On average their stretch of way achieved 2,85 m in ten minutes.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler2010,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo},
  title     = {Rote Waldameisen (Formica rufa) und Rauhhautflederm{\"a}use (Pipistrellus nathusii) : eine symbiotische Beziehung?},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In einer Wochenstubengesellschaft der Rauhhautfledermaus (Pipistrellus nathusii), in der Schorfheide im Norden Brandenburgs, wurde ein starkes Vorkommen der Roten Waldameise (Formica rufa) festgestellt. Die Flederm{\"a}use waren offensichtlich durch die Anwesenheit der Ameisen nicht beunruhigt. Der ungew{\"o}hnlich enge Kontakt zwischen Ameisen und Flederm{\"a}usen f{\"u}hrte zur {\"U}berlegung, dass es regelm{\"a}ssige Interaktionen zwischen Ameisen und Flederm{\"a}usen geben k{\"o}nnte, die beiden Seiten Vorteile bieten. Vergleichbare Beziehungen wurden bisher haupts{\"a}chlich bei V{\"o}geln als anting beschrieben. Interaktionen zum gegenseitigen Vorteil sind zwischen Flederm{\"a}usen und Ameisen bisher kaum beachtet worden, so dass weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler2010,
  author    = {Scheffler, Ingo},
  title     = {Ektoparasiten der Flederm{\"a}use in Winterquartieren in Brandenburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Bei der Untersuchung von Ektoparasiten in verschiedenen Winterqartieren von Flederm{\"a}usen im Nordosten Brandenburgs wurde das Artenspektrum an Fl{\"o}hen, Lausfliegen und Milben erfasst. Die h{\"a}ufigsten Parasiten waren die sogenannten "Winterfl{\"o}he", die mit drei Arten (Nycteridopsylla eusarca, N. longiceps und N. pentactena) pr{\"a}sent waren. Bei der Anzahl dieser Fl{\"o}he in den Winterquartieren wurden extreme Unterschiede festgestellt. In einzelnen Quartieren kann es zu einem relativ hohen Besatz an Fl{\"o}hen kommen. Solche Populationszentren k{\"o}nnten f{\"u}r das regionale {\"U}berleben der seltenen Ektoparasitenarten eine große Rolle spielen. In diesen Quartieren werden neben den Hauptwirten auch andere {\"u}berwinternde Fledermausarten als Blutspender genutzt. An den Wasserflederm{\"a}usen gab es regelm{\"a}ßig Funde der Fledermausfliege Nycteribia kolenatii. Im Gegensatz zu den Fl{\"o}hen und dieser Fledermausfliegenart traten die meisten anderen Parasiten nur sporadisch auf. Bei der Untersuchung wurden drei f{\"u}r Brandenburg neue Ektoparasitenarten festgestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Fledermausfliege: Basilia nana sowie um zwei kleine Milbenarten der Familie Macronyssidae: Macronyssus cyclaspis und Macronyssus ellipticus.},
  language  = {de}
}