@article{BohlkenJacobSchaumetal.2017, author = {Bohlken, Jens and Jacob, Louis and Schaum, Peter and Rapp, Michael Armin and Kostev, Karel}, title = {Hip fracture risk in patients with dementia in German primary care practices}, series = {Dementia}, volume = {16}, journal = {Dementia}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-3012}, doi = {10.1177/1471301215621854}, pages = {853 -- 864}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The aim was to analyze the risk of hip fracture in German primary care patients with dementia. This study included patients aged 65-90 from 1072 primary care practices who were first diagnosed with dementia between 2010 and 2013. Controls were matched (1:1) to cases for age, sex, and type of health insurance. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of hip fracture during the three-year follow-up period. A total of 53,156 dementia patients and 53,156 controls were included. A total of 5.3\% of patients and 0.7\% of controls displayed hip fracture after three years. Hip fracture occurred more frequently in dementia subjects living in nursing homes than in those living at home (9.2\% versus 4.3\%). Dementia, residence in nursing homes, and osteoporosis were risk factors for fracture development. Antidementia, antipsychotic, and antidepressant drugs generally had no significant impact on hip fracture risk when prescribed for less than six months. Dementia increased hip fracture risk in German primary care practices.}, language = {en} } @article{BookerJacobRappetal.2016, author = {Booker, Anke and Jacob, Louis E. C. and Rapp, Michael Armin and Bohlken, Jens and Kostev, Karel}, title = {Risk factors for dementia diagnosis in German primary care practices}, series = {International psychogeriatrics}, volume = {28}, journal = {International psychogeriatrics}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {1041-6102}, doi = {10.1017/S1041610215002082}, pages = {1059 -- 1065}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: Dementia is a psychiatric condition the development of which is associated with numerous aspects of life. Our aim was to estimate dementia risk factors in German primary care patients. Methods: The case-control study included primary care patients (70-90 years) with first diagnosis of dementia (all-cause) during the index period (01/2010-12/2014) (Disease Analyzer, Germany), and controls without dementia matched (1:1) to cases on the basis of age, sex, type of health insurance, and physician. Practice visit records were used to verify that there had been 10 years of continuous follow-up prior to the index date. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted with dementia as a dependent variable and the potential predictors. Conclusions: Risk factors for dementia found in this study are consistent with the literature. Nevertheless, the associations between statin, PPI and antihypertensive drug use, and decreased risk of dementia need further investigations.}, language = {en} } @article{CasselMuellerMoseretal.2019, author = {Cassel, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Moser, Othmar and Strempler, Mares Elaine and Reso, Judith and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Orthopedic Injury Profiles in Adolescent Elite Athletes}, series = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2019.00544}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Aim: The aim of the study was to identify common orthopedic sports injury profiles in adolescent elite athletes with respect to age, sex, and anthropometrics. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 718 orthopedic presentations among 381 adolescent elite athletes from 16 different sports to a sports medical department was performed. Recorded data of history and clinical examination included area, cause and structure of acute and overuse injuries. Injury-events were analyzed in the whole cohort and stratified by age (11-14/15-17 years) and sex. Group differences were tested by chi-squared-tests. Logistic regression analysis was applied examining the influence of factors age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on the outcome variables area and structure (a = 0.05). Results: Higher proportions of injury-events were reported for females (60\%) and athletes of the older age group (66\%) than males and younger athletes. The most frequently injured area was the lower extremity (47\%) followed by the spine (30.5\%) and the upper extremity (12.5\%). Acute injuries were mainly located at the lower extremity (74.5\%), while overuse injuries were predominantly observed at the lower extremity (41\%) as well as the spine (36.5\%). Joints (34\%), muscles (22\%), and tendons (21.5\%) were found to be the most often affected structures. The injured structures were different between the age groups (p = 0.022), with the older age group presenting three times more frequent with ligament pathology events (5.5\%/2\%) and less frequent with bony problems (11\%/20.5\%) than athletes of the younger age group. The injured area differed between the sexes (p = 0.005), with males having fewer spine injury-events (25.5\%/34\%) but more upper extremity injuries (18\%/9\%) than females. Regression analysis showed statistically significant influence for BMI (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.015) on structure, whereas the area was significantly influenced by sex (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Events of soft-tissue overuse injuries are the most common reasons resulting in orthopedic presentations of adolescent elite athletes. Mostly, the lower extremity and the spine are affected, while sex and age characteristics on affected area and structure must be considered. Therefore, prevention strategies addressing the injury-event profiles should already be implemented in early adolescence taking age, sex as well as injury entity into account.}, language = {en} } @article{HohmLauchtZohseletal.2017, author = {Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000236}, pages = {230 -- 239}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen besch{\"a}ftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines famili{\"a}ren Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven fr{\"u}hen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese sch{\"u}tzen Risikokinder davor, eine ung{\"u}nstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ung{\"u}nstiger „Startbedingungen" positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen erm{\"o}glichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumst{\"a}nden (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverh{\"a}ltnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilit{\"a}t besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @article{JacobRappKostev2017, author = {Jacob, Louis and Rapp, Michael Armin and Kostev, Karel}, title = {Long-term use of benzodiazepines in older patients in Germany}, series = {Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology}, number = {6/7}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-1253}, doi = {10.1177/2045125317696454}, pages = {191 -- 200}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of long-term benzodiazepine use in older adults treated in general and neuropsychiatric practices in Germany. Methods: This study included 32,182 patients over the age of 65 years who received benzodiazepine prescriptions for the first time between January 2010 and December 2014 in general and neuropsychiatric practices in Germany. Follow up lasted until July 2016. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients treated with benzodiazepines for >6 months. Results: The proportion of patients with benzodiazepine therapy for >6 months increased with age (65-70 years: 12.3\%; 71-80 years: 15.5\%; 81-90 years: 23.7\%; >90 years: 31.6\%) but did not differ significantly between men (15.5\%) and women (17.1\%). The proportion of patients who received benzodiazepines for >6 months was higher among those with sleep disorders (21.1\%), depression (20.8\%) and dementia (32.1\%) than among those with anxiety (15.5\%). By contrast, this proportion was lower among people diagnosed with adjustment disorders (7.7\%) and back pain (3.8\%). Conclusion: Overall, long-term use of benzodiazepines is common in older people, particularly in patients over the age of 80 and in those diagnosed with dementia, sleep disorders, or depression.}, language = {en} } @article{KonradBohlkenRappetal.2016, author = {Konrad, Marcel and Bohlken, Jens and Rapp, Michael Armin and Kostev, Karel}, title = {Depression risk in patients with heart failure in primary care practices in Germany}, series = {International psychogeriatrics}, volume = {28}, journal = {International psychogeriatrics}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {1041-6102}, doi = {10.1017/S1041610216000867}, pages = {1889 -- 1894}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for diagnosed depression in heart failure (HF) patients in German primary care practices. Methods: This study was a retrospective database analysis in Germany utilizing the Disease Analyzer (R) Database (IMS Health, Germany). The study population included 132,994 patients between 40 and 90 years of age from 1,072 primary care practices. The observation period was between 2004 and 2013. Follow-up lasted up to five years and ended in April 2015. A total of 66,497 HF patients were selected after applying exclusion criteria. The same number of 66,497 controls were chosen and were matched (1:1) to HF patients on the basis of age, sex, health insurance, depression diagnosis in the past, and follow-up duration after index date. Results: HF was a strong risk factor for diagnosed depression (p < 0.0001). A total of 10.5\% of HF patients and 6.3\% of matched controls developed depression after one year of follow-up (p < 0.001). Depression was documented in 28.9\% of the HF group and 18.2\% of the control group after the five-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Cancer, dementia, osteoporosis, stroke, and osteoarthritis were associated with a higher risk of developing depression. Male gender and private health insurance were associated with lower risk of depression. Conclusions: The risk of diagnosed depression is significantly increased in patients with HF compared to patients without HF in primary care practices in Germany.}, language = {en} } @article{KraheVanwesenbeeck2016, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Vanwesenbeeck, Ine}, title = {Mapping an agenda for the study of youth sexual aggression in Europe: assessment, principles of good practice, and the multilevel analysis of risk factors}, series = {Journal of sexual aggression}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of sexual aggression}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1355-2600}, doi = {10.1080/13552600.2015.1066885}, pages = {161 -- 174}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Sexual aggression is a serious threat to young people's sexual health in Europe, but establishing the exact scale of the problem has been hampered by a variety of conceptual and methodological problems. This article presents a framework for studying youth sexual aggression that addresses both prevalence and risk factors of victimisation and perpetration. It proposes a research tool to comprehensively assess the perpetration of, and victimisation by, sexual aggression that captures different coercive strategies, sexual acts, victim-perpetrator relations, and gender constellations. The instrument is rooted in a clear conceptual definition of sexual aggression and was pilot-tested in 10 countries of the European Union (EU). Furthermore, a list of good practice criteria is proposed to promote the quality and comparability of research on youth sexual aggression in Europe. A multilevel approach combining individual-level and country-level predictors of sexual aggression is outlined and illustrated with data from the pilot study in 10 countries.}, language = {en} } @article{MeischnerAlMousawiHellerHartensteinetal.2024, author = {Meischner-Al-Mousawi, Maja and Heller, Luise and Hartenstein, Sven and Frost, Jonas and Philipp, Aaron and Hinz, Sylvette}, title = {Suizide in deutschen Gef{\"a}ngnissen w{\"a}hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie}, series = {Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie}, volume = {18}, journal = {Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Steinkopff}, address = {Darmstadt}, issn = {1862-7072}, doi = {10.1007/s11757-024-00827-6}, pages = {106 -- 116}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Risiko, durch einen Suizid im Gef{\"a}ngnis zu versterben, ist erh{\"o}ht. W{\"a}hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zum Infektionsschutz zahlreiche Maßnahmen, die beispielsweise eine deutliche Minderung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote zur Folge hatten, eingef{\"u}hrt. Im Rahmen eines Kohortenvergleichs der Suizide und ausgew{\"a}hlter Merkmale der Suizident:innen in den Zeitr{\"a}umen vom April 2017 bis zum Dezember 2019 sowie vom April 2020 bis zum Dezember 2022 wird untersucht, ob es eine Ver{\"a}nderung der Suizide w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie gab. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich eine Zunahme der Suizide w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie, insbesondere in den ersten 14 Tagen der Haft, und eine Zunahme der Suizide von Suizident:innen mit erh{\"o}hter Vulnerabilit{\"a}t. Keine Unterschiede wurden in den allgemeinen Risikomerkmalen f{\"u}r Suizide im Gef{\"a}ngnis festgestellt. Es ergeben sich Hinweise auf eine suizidpr{\"a}ventive Wirkung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, intensivere Pr{\"a}ventionsangebote f{\"u}r Gefangene mit erh{\"o}hter Vulnerabilit{\"a}t bzw. geringerer Resilienz anzubieten.}, language = {de} } @article{RothwellMurphyAleksandrovaetal.2020, author = {Rothwell, Joseph A. and Murphy, Neil and Aleksandrova, Krasimira and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Bešević, Jelena and Kliemann, Nathalie and Jenab, Mazda and Ferrari, Pietro and Achaintre, David and Gicquiau, Audrey and Vozar, B{\´e}atrice and Scalbert, Augustin and Huybrechts, Inge and Freisling, Heinz and Prehn, Cornelia and Adamski, Jerzy and Cross, Amanda J. and Pala, Valeria Maria and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and Dahm, Christina C. and Overvad, Kim and Gram, Inger Torhild and Sandanger, Torkjel M. and Skeie, Guri and Jakszyn, Paula and Tsilidis, Kostas K. and Hughes, David J. and van Guelpen, Bethany and Bod{\´e}n, Stina and S{\´a}nchez, Maria-Jos{\´e} and Schmidt, Julie A. and Katzke, Verena and K{\"u}hn, Tilman and Colorado-Yohar, Sandra and Tumino, Rosario and Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas and Vineis, Paolo and Masala, Giovanna and Panico, Salvatore and Eriksen, Anne Kirstine and Tj{\o}nneland, Anne and Aune, Dagfinn and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Severi, Gianluca and Chaj{\`e}s, V{\´e}ronique and Gunter, Marc J.}, title = {Metabolic signatures of healthy lifestyle patterns and colorectal cancer risk in a European cohort}, series = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology}, volume = {20}, journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {1542-3565}, doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2020.11.045}, pages = {E1061 -- E1082}, year = {2020}, abstract = {BACKGROUND \& AIMS: Colorectal cancer risk can be lowered by adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines. We derived metabolic signatures of adherence to these guidelines and tested their associations with colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. METHODS: Scores reflecting adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations (scale, 1-5) were calculated from participant data on weight maintenance, physical activity, diet, and alcohol among a discovery set of 5738 cancer-free European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition participants with metabolomics data. Partial least-squares regression was used to derive fatty acid and endogenous metabolite signatures of the WCRF/AICR score in this group. In an independent set of 1608 colorectal cancer cases and matched controls, odds ratios (ORs) and 95\% CIs were calculated for colorectal cancer risk per unit increase in WCRF/AICR score and per the corresponding change in metabolic signatures using multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Higher WCRF/AICR scores were characterized by metabolic signatures of increased odd-chain fatty acids, serine, glycine, and specific phosphatidylcholines. Signatures were inversely associated more strongly with colorectal cancer risk (fatty acids: OR, 0.51 per unit increase; 95\% CI, 0.29-0.90; endogenous metabolites: OR, 0.62 per unit change; 95\% CI, 0.50-0.78) than the WCRF/AICR score (OR, 0.93 per unit change; 95\% CI, 0.86-1.00) overall. Signature associations were stronger in male compared with female participants. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolite profiles reflecting adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines and additional lifestyle or biological risk factors were associated with colorectal cancer. Measuring a specific panel of metabolites representative of a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle may identify strata of the population at higher risk of colorectal cancer.}, language = {en} } @article{SchusterKrahe2019, author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krahe, Barbara}, title = {Predictors of sexual aggression perpetration among male and female college students}, series = {Sexual abuse : official journal of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA)}, volume = {31}, journal = {Sexual abuse : official journal of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA)}, number = {3}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {1079-0632}, doi = {10.1177/1079063218793632}, pages = {318 -- 343}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This two-wave longitudinal study examined risky sexual scripts and sexual behavior regarding consensual sexual interactions, sexual self-esteem, initiation assertiveness, and religiosity as predictors of sexual aggression perpetration in a cross-cultural comparison of college students in Chile and Turkey. As predicted, risky sexual scripts were linked to higher odds of perpetration through more risky sexual behavior cross-sectionally in both the Chilean and the Turkish sample and indirectly predicted perpetration 12 months later. High sexual self-esteem increased the likelihood of perpetration via higher initiation assertiveness in the Turkish sample only. High religiosity reduced the odds of perpetration through less risky sexual scripts and less risky sexual behavior in both samples. In addition, high religiosity increased the probability of perpetration through lower sexual self-esteem in the Turkish sample. Implications of these findings and the role of cultural factors contributing to the differential functioning of religiosity and sexual self-esteem are discussed.}, language = {en} }