@misc{KlieglNuthmannEngbert2006,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Tracking the Mind During Reading: The Influence of Past, Present, and Future Words on Fixation Durations},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57225},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Reading requires the orchestration of visual, attentional, language-related, and oculomotor processing constraints. This study replicates previous effects of frequency, predictability, and length of fixated words on fixation durations in natural reading and demonstrates new effects of these variables related to previous and next words. Results are based on fixation durations recorded from 222 persons, each reading 144 sentences. Such evidence for distributed processing of words across fixation durations challenges psycholinguistic immediacy-of-processing and eye-mind assumptions. Most of the time the mind processes several words in parallel at different perceptual and cognitive levels. Eye movements can help to unravel these processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RolfsLaubrockKliegl2006,
  author    = {Rolfs, Martin and Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Shortening and Prolongation of Saccade Latencies Following Microsaccades},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57012},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {When the eyes fixate at a point in a visual scene, small saccades rapidly shift the image on the retina. The effect of these microsaccades on the latency of subsequent large-scale saccades may be twofold. First, microsaccades are associated with an enhancement of visual perception. Their occurrence during saccade target perception should, thus, decrease saccade latencies. On the other hand, microsaccades likely indicate activity in fixation-related oculomotor neurons. These represent competitors to saccade-related cells in the interplay of gaze holding and shifting. Consequently, an increase in saccade latencies after microsaccades would be expected. Here, we present evidence for both aspects of microsaccadic impact on saccade latency. In a delayed response task, participants made saccades to visible or memorized targets. First, microsaccade occurrence up to 50 ms before target disappearance correlated with 18 ms (or 8\%) faster saccades to memorized targets. Second, if microsaccades occurred shortly (i.e., < 150 ms) before a saccade was required, saccadic reaction times in visual and memory trials were increased by about 40 ms (or 16\%). Hence, microsaccades can have opposite consequences for saccade latencies, pointing at a differential role of these fixational eye movements in preparation of motor programs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ThielRomanoKurthsetal.2006,
  author    = {Thiel, Marco and Romano, Maria Carmen and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Rolfs, Martin and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Generating Surrogates from Recurrences},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56906},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In this paper we present an approach to recover the dynamics from recurrences of a system and then generate (multivariate) twin surrogate (TS) trajectories. In contrast to other approaches, such as the linear-like surrogates, this technique produces surrogates which correspond to an independent copy of the underlying system, i. e. they induce a trajectory of the underlying system visiting the attractor in a different way. We show that these surrogates are well suited to test for complex synchronization, which makes it possible to systematically assess the reliability of synchronization analyses. We then apply the TS to study binocular fixational movements and find strong indications that the fixational movements of the left and right eye are phase synchronized. This result indicates that there might be one centre only in the brain that produces the fixational movements in both eyes or a close link between two centres.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-1195,
  title     = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632 - Vol. 5},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Schmitz, Michaela and Schwarz, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13047},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {221},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mueller2006,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Dana},
  title     = {The representation of numbers in space : a journey along the mental number line},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12949},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The present thesis deals with the mental representation of numbers in space. Generally it is assumed that numbers are mentally represented on a mental number line along which they ordered in a continuous and analogical manner. Dehaene, Bossini and Giraux (1993) found that the mental number line is spatially oriented from left­-to­-right. Using a parity­-judgment task they observed faster left-hand responses for smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses for larger numbers. This effect has been labelled as Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. The first study of the present thesis deals with the question whether the spatial orientation of the mental number line derives from the writing system participants are adapted to. According to a strong ontogenetic interpretation the SNARC effect should only obtain for effectors closely related to the comprehension and production of written language (hands and eyes). We asked participants to indicate the parity status of digits by pressing a pedal with their left or right foot. In contrast to the strong ontogenetic view we observed a pedal SNARC effect which did not differ from the manual SNARC effect. In the second study we evaluated whether the SNARC effect reflects an association of numbers and extracorporal space or an association of numbers and hands. To do so we varied the spatial arrangement of the response buttons (vertical vs. horizontal) and the instruction (hand­related vs. button­-related). For vertically arranged buttons and a button­related instruction we found a button-­related SNARC effect. In contrast, for a hand-­related instruction we obtained a hand­-related SNARC effect. For horizontally arranged buttons and a hand­related instruction, however, we found a button­related SNARC effect. The results of the first to studies were interpreted in terms of weak ontogenetic view. In the third study we aimed to examine the functional locus of the SNARC effect. We used the psychological refractory period paradigm. In the first experiment participants first indicated the pitch of a tone and then the parity status of a digit (locus­-of-­slack paradigma). In a second experiment the order of stimulus presentation and thus tasks changed (effect­-propagation paradigm). The results led us conclude that the SNARC effect arises while the response is centrally selected. In our fourth study we test for an association of numbers and time. We asked participants to compare two serially presented digits. Participants were faster to compare ascending digit pairs (e.g., 2-­3) than descending pairs (e.g., 3-­2). The pattern of our results was interpreted in terms of forward­associations ("1­-2-­3") as formed by our ubiquitous cognitive routines to count of objects or events.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Vockenberg2006,
  author    = {Vockenberg, Kerstin},
  title     = {Updating of representations in working memory},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11767},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The limited capacity of working memory forces people to update its contents continuously. Two aspects of the updating process were investigated in the present experimental series. The first series concerned the question if it is possible to update several representations in parallel. Similar results were obtained for the updating of object features as well as for the updating of whole objects, participants were able to update representations in parallel. The second experimental series addressed the question if working memory representations which were replaced in an updating disappear directly or interfere with the new representations. Evidence for the existence of old representations was found under working memory conditions and under conditions exceeding working memory capacity. These results contradict the hypothesis that working memory contents are protected from proactive interference of long-term memory contents.},
  subject      = {Aktualisierung},
  language  = {en}
}