@article{ZhangMischkeZhangetal.2013,
  author    = {Zhang, Wanyi and Mischke, Steffen and Zhang, Chengjun and Gao, Dou and Fan, Rong},
  title     = {Ostracod distribution and habitat relationships in the Kunlun Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau},
  series = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research},
  volume    = {313},
  journal   = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1040-6182},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.06.020},
  pages     = {38 -- 46},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Surface sediment samples were collected from the lakes Heihai, Kusai, Haiding Nuur and Yan Hu, and from streams and ponds in the Kunlun Mountains at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the sub-fossil ostracod (micro-crustacean) fauna of the region. Among 65 collected samples, 46 ostracod shell-rich samples were used to study the relationship between the ostracod distribution and specific conductivity (SC) of the water, which ranged from 0.6 to 53.0 mS cm(-1). A total of eleven ostracod species was identified from this region, with about half of the species restricted to the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent mountain areas, and the other half representing Holarctic taxa. Tonnacypris cf. estonica and Tonnacypris tonnensis are reported from the Tibetan Plateau for the first time. Leucocythere sp. is the dominant species and Ilyocypris cf. bradyi is also relatively abundant. The other seven species were recorded with limited abundances apparently due to lower SC tolerances. Leucocythere sp. was recorded over the full SC range from 0.6 to 53 mS cm(-1). Eucypris mareotica is a typical brackish and saline water species, which was found at sample sites with high SC (2.8-53.0 mS cm(-1)). In contrast, Leucocythere dorsotuberosa, Candona candida and Eucypris afghanistanensis prefer freshwater to slightly oli-gohaline waters with SC < 1.8 mS cm(-1). The SC optimum and tolerance range for each species were determined and compared to earlier reported data from other regions of Central Asia. The results indicate that species assemblage data from fossil ostracod shells have a large potential to provide information on past SC levels and more general climate-determined moisture conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangYangJomaaetal.2020,
  author    = {Zhang, Xiaolin and Yang, Xiaoqiang and Jomaa, Seifeddine and Rode, Michael},
  title     = {Analyzing impacts of seasonality and landscape gradient on event-scale nitrate-discharge dynamics based on nested high-frequency monitoring},
  series = {Journal of hydrology},
  volume    = {591},
  journal   = {Journal of hydrology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-1694},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125585},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Increasingly available high-frequency data during storm events, when hydrological dynamics most likely activate nitrate storage-flux exchanges, reveal insights into catchment nitrate dynamics. In this study, we explored impacts of seasonality and landscape gradients on nitrate concentration-discharge (C-Q) hysteresis patterns in the Selke catchment, central Germany, which has heterogeneous combinations of meteorological, hydrogeological and land use conditions. Three nested gauging stations established along the main Selke River captured flow and nitrate export dynamics from the uppermost subcatchment (mixed forest and arable land), middle subcatchment (pure steep forest) and lowermost subcatchment (arable and urban land). We collected continuous high-frequency (15-min) discharge and nitrate concentration data from 2012 to 2017 and analyzed the 223 events detected at all three stations. A dominant hysteresis pattern in the uppermost and middle subcatchments was counter-clockwise and combined with an accretion effect, indicating many proximal and mobilized distal nitrate sources. However, 66\% of all events at the catchment outlet experienced a dilution effect, possibly due to mechanisms that vary seasonally. During wetting/wet periods (October-March), it was combined mainly with a counter-clockwise pattern due to the dominance of event runoff volume from the uppermost and middle subcatchments. During drying/dry periods (April-September), however, it was combined mainly with a clockwise pattern due to occasional quick surface flows from lowland near-stream urban areas. In addition, the clockwise hysteresis occurred mainly from May-October during mostly drying/dry periods at all three sites, indicating little distal nitrate transport in response to the low terrestrial hydrological connectivity, especially in the lowermost dry and flat sub-catchment. This comprehensive analysis (i.e., clockwise vs. counter-clockwise, accretion vs. dilution) enables in-depth analysis of nitrate export mechanisms during certain periods under different landscape conditions. Specific combination of C-Q relationships could identify target locations for agricultural management actions that decrease nitrate output. Therefore, we strongly encourage long-term multisite and high-frequency monitoring strategies in heterogeneous nested catchment(s), which can help understand process mechanisms, generate data for physical-based water-quality modeling and provide guidance for water and agricultural management.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangHuangHuangetal.2018,
  author    = {Zhang, Yang and Huang, Wentao and Huang, Baochun and van Hinsbergen, Douwe J. J. and Yang, Tao and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume and Guo, Zhaojie},
  title     = {53-43Ma Deformation of Eastern Tibet Revealed by Three Stages of Tectonic Rotation in the Gongjue Basin},
  series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth},
  volume    = {123},
  journal   = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2169-9313},
  doi       = {10.1002/2018JB015443},
  pages     = {3320 -- 3338},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The Gongjue basin from the eastern Qiangtang terrane is located in the transition region where the regional structural lineation curves from east-west-oriented in Tibet to north-south-oriented in Yunnan. In this study, we sampled the red beds in the basin from the lower Gongjue to upper Ranmugou formations for the first time covering the entire stratigraphic profile. The stratigraphic ages are bracketed within 53-43Ma by new detrital zircon U-Pb ages constraining the maximum deposition age to 52.51.5Ma. Rock magnetic and petrographic studies indicate that detrital magnetite and hematite are the magnetic carriers. Positive reversals and fold tests demonstrate that the characteristic remanent magnetization has a primary origin. The Gongjue and Ranmugou formations yield mean characteristic remanent magnetization directions of D-s/I-s=31.0 degrees/21.3 degrees and D-s/I-s=15.9 degrees/22.0 degrees, respectively. The magnetic inclination of these characteristic remanent magnetizations is significantly shallowed compared to the expected inclination for the locality. However, the elongation/inclination correction method does not provide a meaningful correction, likely because of syn-depositional rotation. Rotations relative to the Eurasian apparent polar wander path occurred in three stages: Stage I, 33.33.4 degrees clockwise rotation during the deposition of the Gongjue and lower Ranmugou formations; Stage II, 26.93.7 degrees counterclockwise rotation during deposition of the lower and middle Ranmugou formation; and Stage III, 17.73.3 degrees clockwise rotation after 43Ma. The complex rotation history recorded in the basin is possibly linked to sinistral shear along the Qiangtang block during India indentation into Asia and the early stage of the extrusion of the northwestern Indochina blocks away from eastern Tibet.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangHuangZhangetal.2019,
  author    = {Zhang, Yang and Huang, Wentao and Zhang, Yuanyuan and Poujol, Marc and Guillot, Stephane and Roperch, Pierrick and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume and Guo, Zhaojie},
  title     = {Detrital zircon provenance comparison between the Paleocene-Eocene Nangqian-Xialaxiu and Gongjue basins: New insights for Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau},
  series = {Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences},
  volume    = {533},
  journal   = {Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0031-0182},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109241},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Paleogeographic reconstructions of terranes can greatly benefit from the provenance analysis of sediments. A series of Cenozoic basins provide key sedimentary archives for investigating the growth of the Tibetan Plateau, yet the provenance of the sediments in these basins has never been constrained robustly. Here we report sedimentary petrological and detrital zircon geochronological data from the Paleocene-Eocene Nangqian-Xialaxiu and Gongjue basins. Sandstone detrital modes and zircon morphology suggest that the samples collected in these two basins were sourced from recycled orogen. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates that sediments in the Nangqian-Xialaxiu Basin are characterized by two distinct age populations at 220-280 Ma and 405-445 Ma. In contrast, three predominant age populations of 207-256 Ma, 423-445 Ma, and 1851-1868 Ma, and two subordinate age populations of similar to 50 Ma and similar to 2500 Ma, are recognized in the Gongjue Basin. Comparison with detrital zircon ages from the surrounding terranes suggests that sediments in the Nangqian-Xialaxiu Basin come from the neighboring thrust belts, whereas sediments from the Gongjue Basin are predominantly derived from the distant Songpan-Ganzi Terrane with minor contribution from the surrounding areas. A three-stage Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau is proposed. During the Paleocene, the Nangqian-Xialaxiu Basin appeared as a set of small intermontane sub-basins and received plentiful sediments from the neighboring mountain belts; during the Eocene, the Gongjue Basin kept a relatively low altitude and was a depression at the edge of a proto-Plateau; since the Oligocene, the Tibetan Plateau further uplifted and the marginal Gongjue Basin was involved in the Tibetan interior orogeny, indicating the eastward propagation of the Tibetan Plateau.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangChenZhouetal.2015,
  author    = {Zhang, Yanqiu and Chen, Daizhao and Zhou, Xiqiang and Guo, Zenghui and Wei, Wenwen and Mutti, Maria},
  title     = {Depositional facies and stratal cyclicity of dolomites in the Lower Qiulitag Group (Upper Cambrian) in northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China},
  series = {Facies : an international journal of palaeontology, sedimentology, geology},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Facies : an international journal of palaeontology, sedimentology, geology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0172-9179},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10347-014-0417-1},
  pages     = {24},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The Upper Cambrian Lower Qiulitag Group in the Tarim Basin, NW China, is overwhelmingly composed of cyclic dolomites. Based on extensive field investigations and facies analysis from four outcrop sections in the Bachu-Keping area, northwestern Tarim Basin, four main types of facies are recognized: open-marine subtidal, restricted shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal facies, and these are further subdivided into ten lithofacies. In general, these facies are vertically arranged into shallowing-upward, metre-scale cycles. These cycles are commonly composed of a thin basal horizon reflecting abrupt deepening, and a thicker upper succession showing gradual shallowing upwards. Based on the vertical facies arrangements and changes across boundary surfaces, two types of cycle: peritidal and shallow subtidal cycle, are further identified. The peritidal cycles, predominating over the lower-middle Lower Qiulitag Group, commence with shallow subtidal to lower intertidal facies and are capped by inter-supratidal facies. In contrast, the shallow subtidal cycles, dominating the upper Lower Qiulitag Group, are capped by shallow-subtidal facies. Based on vertical lithofacies variations, cycle stacking patterns, and accommodation variations revealed by Fischer plots, six larger-scale third-order depositional sequences (Sq1-Sq6) are recognized. These sequences generally consist of a lower transgressive and an upper regressive systems tract. The transgressive tracts are dominated by thicker-than-average cycles, indicating an overall accommodation increase, whereas the regressive tracts are characterized by thinner-than-average peritidal cycles, indicating an overall accommodation decrease. The sequence boundaries are characterized by transitional zones of stacked thinner-than-average cycles, rather than by a single surface. These sequences can further be grouped into lower-order sequence sets: the lower and upper sequence sets. The lower sequence set, including Sq1-Sq3, is characterized by peritidal facies-dominated sequences and a progressive decrease in accommodation space, indicating a longer-term fall in sea level. In contrast, the upper sequence set (Sq4-Sq6) is characterized by subtidal facies-dominated sequences and a progressive increase in accommodation space, indicating a longer-term rise in sea level.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangWielandReicheetal.2012,
  author    = {Zhang, Zhuo-dong and Wieland, Ralf and Reiche, Matthias and Funk, Roger and Hoffmann, Carsten and Li, Yong and Sommer, Michael},
  title     = {A computational fluid dynamics model for wind simulation: model implementation and experimental validation},
  series = {Journal of Zhejiang University : an international journal ; Science A, Applied physics \& engineering : an international applied physics \& engineering journal},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Journal of Zhejiang University : an international journal ; Science A, Applied physics \& engineering : an international applied physics \& engineering journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Zhejiang University Press},
  address   = {Hangzou},
  issn      = {1673-565X},
  doi       = {10.1631/jzus.A1100231},
  pages     = {274 -- 283},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was conducted in a wind tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes. A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field. Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear implementation of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment of wind erosion at regional scale.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zhang2011,
  author    = {Zhang, Zhuodong},
  title     = {A regional scale study of wind erosion in the Xilingele grassland based on computational fluid dynamics},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {143 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangWielandReicheetal.2012,
  author    = {Zhang, Zhuodong and Wieland, Ralf and Reiche, Matthias and Funk, Roger and Hoffmann, Carsten and Li, Yong and Sommer, Michael},
  title     = {Identifying sensitive areas to wind erosion in the xilingele grassland by computational fluid dynamics modelling},
  series = {Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1574-9541},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2011.12.002},
  pages     = {37 -- 47},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In order to identify the areas in the Xilingele grassland which are sensitive to wind erosion, a computational fluid dynamics model (CFD-WEM) was used to simulate the wind fields over a region of 37 km(2) which contains different topography and land use types. Previous studies revealed the important influences of topography and land use on wind erosion in the Xilingele grassland. Topography influences wind fields at large scale, and land use influences wind fields near the ground. Two steps were designed to implement the CFD wind simulation, and they were respectively to simulate the influence of topography and surface roughness on the wind. Digital elevation model (DEM) and surface roughness length were the key inputs for the CFD simulation. The wind simulation by CFD-WEM was validated by a wind data set which was measured simultaneously at six positions in the field. Three scenarios with different wind velocities were designed based on observed dust storm events, and wind fields were simulated according to these scenarios to predict the sensitive areas to wind erosion. General assumptions that cropland is the most sensitive area to wind erosion and heavily and moderately grazed grasslands are both sensitive etc. can be refined by the modelling of CFD-WEM. Aided by the results of this study, the land use planning and protection measures against wind erosion can be more efficient. Based on the case study in the Xilingele grassland, a method of regional wind erosion assessment aided by CFD wind simulation is summarized. The essence of this method is a combination of CFD wind simulation and determination of threshold wind velocity for wind erosion. Because of the physically-based simulation and the flexibility of the method, it can be generalised to other regions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangWielandReicheetal.2011,
  author    = {Zhang, Zhuodong and Wieland, Ralf and Reiche, Matthias and Funk, Roger and Hoffmann, Carsten and Li, Yong and Sommer, Michael},
  title     = {Wind modelling for wind erosion research by open source computational fluid dynamics},
  series = {Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1574-9541},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2011.02.001},
  pages     = {316 -- 324},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model (CFD-WEM) for wind erosion research in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) is compared with two open source CFD models Gerris and OpenFOAM. The evaluation of these models was made according to software technology, implemented methods, handling, accuracy and calculation speed. All models were applied to the same wind tunnel data set. Results show that the simplest CFD-WEM has the highest calculation speed with acceptable accuracy, and the most powerful OpenFOAM produces the simulation with highest accuracy and the lowest calculation speed. Gerris is between CFD-WEM and OpenFOAM. It calculates faster than OpenFOAM, and it is capable to solve different CFD problems. CFD-WEM is the optimal model to be further developed for wind erosion research in Inner Mongolia grassland considering its efficiency and the uncertainties of other input data. However, for other applications using CFD technology, Gerris and OpenFOAM can be good choices. This paper shows the powerful capability of open source CFD software in wind erosion study, and advocates more involvement of open source technology in wind erosion and related ecological researches.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhaoKuhnOyeetal.2014,
  author    = {Zhao, Peng and Kuhn, Daniela and Oye, Volker and Cesca, Simone},
  title     = {Evidence for tensile faulting deduced from full waveform moment tensor inversion during the stimulation of the Basel enhanced geothermal system},
  series = {Geothermics : an international journal of geothermal research and its applications},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Geothermics : an international journal of geothermal research and its applications},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0375-6505},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.01.003},
  pages     = {74 -- 83},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Our study presents the results of a moment tensor inversion of 19 microseismic events with M-L between 2.0 and 3.4, associated with the stimulation operation of an enhanced geothermal reservoir in Basel, Switzerland, in 2006. We adopt a three-step procedure to retrieve point source solution parameters based on full waveform inversion. The inversion is performed by fitting displacement amplitude spectra and displacement seismograms in the first and second step, respectively, assuming a double couple source model and thus obtaining focal solutions for all 19 events. Our results are in agreement with focal mechanisms from a previous study, which employed P wave first-motion polarities from more than 40 stations, whereas our solutions are achieved using full waveform data recorded by less than 10 surface stations. In the last step, a full moment tensor inversion is performed. The results from the moment tensor inversion show an improvement on the waveform fitting compared to the double couple models, which is verified by an F-test. We investigate the stability of the moment tensor solutions by employing different velocity models. The isotropic components of the moment tensor solutions of some events are not negligible, suggesting source volume changes due to fluid injection. Events with significant isotropic components occurred mainly during the stimulation phase and close to the injection well. On the other hand, events that occurred in the post-stimulation phase are predominantly pure shear failure and located further away from the well bore. These spatio-temporal patterns can be explained by the influence of pore pressure variations during and after the hydraulic stimulation at the geothermal site. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}