@article{BaumannKritikos2016,
  author    = {Baumann, Julian and Kritikos, Alexander},
  title     = {The link between R\&D, innovation and productivity: Are micro firms different?},
  series = {Research Policy},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Research Policy},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0048-7333},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.008},
  pages     = {1263 -- 1274},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {We analyze the link between R\&D, innovation, and productivity in MSMEs with a special focus on micro firms with fewer than 10 employees; usually constituting the majority of firms in industrialized economies. Using the German KfW SME-panel, we examine to what extent micro firms are different from other firms in terms of innovativeness. We find that while firms engage in innovative activities with smaller probability, the smaller they are, for those firms that do make such investment, R\&D intensity is larger the smaller firms are. For all MSMEs, the predicted R\&D intensity is positively correlated with the probability of reporting innovation, with a larger effect size for product than for process innovations. Moreover, micro firms benefit in a comparable way from innovation processes as larger firms, as they are similarly able to increase their labor productivity. Overall, the link between R\&D, innovation, and productivity in micro firms does not largely differ from their larger counterparts. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{AudretschHafensteinKritikosetal.2019,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Audretsch, David B. and Hafenstein, Marian and Kritikos, Alexander and Schiersch, Alexander},
  title     = {Firm Size and Innovation in the Service Sector},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42767},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427670},
  pages     = {46},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {A rich literature links knowledge inputs with innovative outputs. However, most of what is known is restricted to manufacturing. This paper analyzes whether the three aspects involving innovative activity - R\&D; innovative output; and productivity - hold for knowledge intensive services. Combining the models of Crepon et al. (1998) and of Ackerberg et al. (2015), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge intensive services benefit from innovation activities in the sense that these activities causally increase their labor productivity. Moreover, the firm size advantage found for manufacturing in previous studies nearly disappears for knowledge intensive services.},
  language  = {en}
}