@article{ShahnejatBushehriNobmannAlluetal.2016,
  author    = {Shahnejat-Bushehri, Sara and Nobmann, Barbara and Allu, Annapurna Devi and Balazadeh, Salma},
  title     = {JUB1 suppresses Pseudomonas syringae-induced defense responses through accumulation of DELLA proteins},
  series = {Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1559-2316},
  doi       = {10.1080/15592324.2016.1181245},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Phytohormones act in concert to coordinate plant growth and the response to environmental cues. Gibberellins (GAs) are growth-promoting hormones that recently emerged as modulators of plant immune signaling. By regulating the stability of DELLA proteins, GAs intersect with the signaling pathways of the classical primary defense hormones, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), thereby altering the final outcome of the immune response. DELLA proteins confer resistance to necrotrophic pathogens by potentiating JA signaling and raise the susceptibility to biotrophic pathogens by attenuating the SA pathway. Here, we show that JUB1, a core element of the GA - brassinosteroid (BR) - DELLA regulatory module, functions as a negative regulator of defense responses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and mediates the crosstalk between growth and immunity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Numberger2019,
  author    = {Numberger, Daniela},
  title     = {Urban wastewater and lakes as habitats for bacteria and potential vectors for pathogens},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43709},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437095},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {VI, 130},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Wasser ist lebensnotwendig und somit eine essentielle Ressource. Jedoch sind unsere S{\"u}ßwasser-Ressourcen begrenzt und ihre Erhaltung daher besonders wichtig. Verschmutzungen mit Chemikalien und Krankheitserregern, die mit einer wachsenden Bev{\"o}lkerung und Urbanisierung einhergehen, verschlechtern die Qualit{\"a}t unseres S{\"u}ßwassers. Außerdem kann Wasser als {\"U}bertragungsvektor f{\"u}r Krankheitserreger dienen und daher wasserb{\"u}rtige Krankheiten verursachen. Der Leibniz-Forschungsverbund INFECTIONS'21 untersuchte innerhalb der interdisziplin{\"a}ren Forschungsgruppe III - „Wasser", Gew{\"a}sser als zentralen Mittelpunkt f{\"u}r Krankheiterreger. Dabei konzentrierte man sich auf Clostridioides difficile sowie avi{\"a}re Influenza A-Viren, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie in die Gew{\"a}sser ausgeschieden werden. Ein weiteres Ziel bestand darin, die bakterielle Gemeinschaften eines Kl{\"a}rwerkes der deutschen Hauptstadt Berlin zu charakterisieren, um anschließend eine Bewertung des potentiellen Gesundheitsrisikos geben zu k{\"o}nnen. Bakterielle Gemeinschaften des Roh- und Klarwassers aus dem Kl{\"a}rwerk unterschieden sich signifikant voneinander. Der Anteil an Darm-/F{\"a}kalbakterien war relativ niedrig und potentielle Darmpathogene wurden gr{\"o}ßtenteils aus dem Rohwasser entfernt. Ein potentielles Gesundheitsrisiko konnte allerdings von potentiell pathogenen Legionellen wie L. lytica festgestellt werden, deren relative Abundanz im Klarwasser h{\"o}her war als im Rohwasser. Es wurden außerdem drei C. difficile-Isolate aus den Kl{\"a}rwerk-Rohwasser und einem st{\"a}dtischen Badesee in Berlin (Weisser See) gewonnen und sequenziert. Die beiden Isolate aus dem Kl{\"a}rwerk tragen keine Toxin-Gene, wohingegen das Isolat aus dem See Toxin-Gene besitzt. Alle drei Isolate sind sehr nah mit humanen St{\"a}mmen verwandt. Dies deutet auf ein potentielles, wenn auch sporadisches Gesundheitsrisiko hin. (Avi{\"a}re) Influenza A-Viren wurden in 38.8\% der untersuchten Sedimentproben mittels PCR detektiert, aber die Virusisolierung schlug fehl. Ein Experiment mit beimpften Wasser- und Sedimentproben zeigte, dass f{\"u}r die Isolierung aus Sedimentproben eine relativ hohe Viruskonzentration n{\"o}tig ist. In Wasserproben ist jedoch ein niedriger Titer an Influenza A-Viren ausreichend, um eine Infektion auszul{\"o}sen. Es konnte zudem auch festgestellt werden, dass sich „Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK)―-Zellkulturen im Gegensatz zu embryonierten H{\"u}hnereiern besser eignen, um Influenza A-Viren aus Sediment zu isolieren. Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich sagen, dass diese Arbeit m{\"o}gliche Gesundheitsrisiken aufgedeckt hat, wie etwa durch Legionellen im untersuchten Berliner Kl{\"a}rwerk, deren relative Abundanz in gekl{\"a}rtem Abwasser h{\"o}her ist als im Rohwasser. Desweiteren wird indiziert, dass Abwasser und Gew{\"a}sser als Reservoir und Vektor f{\"u}r pathogene Organismen dienen k{\"o}nnen, selbst f{\"u}r nicht-typische Wasser-Pathogene wie C. difficile.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HampfNendelStreyetal.2021,
  author    = {Hampf, Anna and Nendel, Claas and Strey, Simone and Strey, Robert},
  title     = {Biotic yield losses in the Southern Amazon, Brazil},
  series = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-462X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpls.2021.621168},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Pathogens and animal pests (P\&A) are a major threat to global food security as they directly affect the quantity and quality of food. The Southern Amazon, Brazil's largest domestic region for soybean, maize and cotton production, is particularly vulnerable to the outbreak of P\&A due to its (sub)tropical climate and intensive farming systems. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of P\&A and the related yield losses. Machine learning approaches for the automated recognition of plant diseases can help to overcome this research gap. The main objectives of this study are to (1) evaluate the performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) in classifying P\&A, (2) map the spatial distribution of P\&A in the Southern Amazon, and (3) quantify perceived yield and economic losses for the main soybean and maize P\&A. The objectives were addressed by making use of data collected with the smartphone application Plantix. The core of the app's functioning is the automated recognition of plant diseases via ConvNets. Data on expected yield losses were gathered through a short survey included in an "expert" version of the application, which was distributed among agronomists. Between 2016 and 2020, Plantix users collected approximately 78,000 georeferenced P\&A images in the Southern Amazon. The study results indicate a high performance of the trained ConvNets in classifying 420 different crop-disease combinations. Spatial distribution maps and expert-based yield loss estimates indicate that maize rust, bacterial stalk rot and the fall armyworm are among the most severe maize P\&A, whereas soybean is mainly affected by P\&A like anthracnose, downy mildew, frogeye leaf spot, stink bugs and brown spot. Perceived soybean and maize yield losses amount to 12 and 16\%, respectively, resulting in annual yield losses of approximately 3.75 million tonnes for each crop and economic losses of US\$2 billion for both crops together. The high level of accuracy of the trained ConvNets, when paired with widespread use from following a citizen-science approach, results in a data source that will shed new light on yield loss estimates, e.g., for the analysis of yield gaps and the development of measures to minimise them.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlluBrotmanXueetal.2016,
  author    = {Allu, Annapurna Devi and Brotman, Yariv and Xue, Gang-Ping and Balazadeh, Salma},
  title     = {Transcription factor ANAC032 modulates JA/SA signalling in response to Pseudomonas syringae infection},
  series = {EMBO reports},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {EMBO reports},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1469-221X},
  doi       = {10.15252/embr.201642197},
  pages     = {1578 -- 1589},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Responses to pathogens, including host transcriptional reprogramming, require partially antagonistic signalling pathways dependent on the phytohormones salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids. However, upstream factors modulating the interplay of these pathways are not well characterized. Here, we identify the transcription factor ANAC032 from Arabidopsis thaliana as one such regulator in response to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). ANAC032 directly represses MYC2 activation upon Pst attack, resulting in blockage of coronatine-mediated stomatal reopening which restricts entry of bacteria into plant tissue. Furthermore, ANAC032 activates SA signalling by repressing NIMIN1, a key negative regulator of SA-dependent defence. Finally, ANAC032 reduces expression of JA-responsive genes, including PDF1.2A. Thus, ANAC032 enhances resistance to Pst by generating an orchestrated transcriptional output towards key SA- and JA-signalling genes coordinated through direct binding of ANAC032 to the MYC2, NIMIN1 and PDF1.2A promoters.},
  language  = {en}
}