@misc{UestuenBartetzkoBoernke2015, author = {{\"U}st{\"u}n, Suayib and Bartetzko, Verena and B{\"o}rnke, Frederik}, title = {The Xanthomonas effector XopJ triggers a conditional hypersensitive response upon treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with salicylic acid}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-406537}, pages = {11}, year = {2015}, abstract = {XopJ is a Xanthomonas type III effector protein that promotes bacterial virulence on susceptible pepper plants through the inhibition of the host cell proteasome and a resultant suppression of salicylic acid (SA) - dependent defense responses. We show here that Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing XopJ display hypersensitive response (HR) -like symptoms when exogenously treated with SA. This apparent avirulence function of XopJ was further dependent on effector myristoylation as well as on an intact catalytic triad, suggesting a requirement of its enzymatic activity for HR-like symptom elicitation. The ability of XopJ to cause a HR-like symptom development upon SA treatment was lost upon silencing of SGT1 and NDR1, respectively, but was independent of EDS1 silencing, suggesting that XopJ is recognized by an R protein of the CC-NBS-LRR class. Furthermore, silencing of NPR1 abolished the elicitation of HR-like symptoms in XopJ expressing leaves after SA application. Measurement of the proteasome activity indicated that proteasome inhibition by XopJ was alleviated in the presence of SA, an effect that was not observed in NPR1 silenced plants. Our results suggest that XopJ - triggered HR-like symptoms are closely related to the virulence function of the effector and that XopJ follows a two-signal model in order to elicit a response in the non-host plant N. benthamiana.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZimmermannEckardtHornConradetal.2015, author = {Zimmermann, Matthias and Eckardt, Barbara and Horn-Conrad, Antje and J{\"a}ger, Heidi and Kampe, Heike and Scholz, Jana and G{\"o}rlich, Petra and S{\"u}tterlin, Sabine and J{\"a}ger, Sophie and Scherbaum, Frank}, title = {Portal Wissen = Wege}, number = {01/2015}, organization = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Referat f{\"u}r Presse- und {\"O}ffentlichkeitsarbeit}, issn = {2194-4237}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44085}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440851}, pages = {99}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Wie Merkmale von Generation zu Generation weitervererbt werden, wie sich die Erbinformation dabei durch Mutationen ver{\"a}ndert und somit zur Auspr{\"a}gung neuer Eigenschaften und der Entstehung neuer Arten beitr{\"a}gt, sind spannende Fragen der Biologie. Genetische Differenzierung f{\"u}hrte im Laufe von Jahrmillionen zur Ausbildung einer schier unglaublichen Artenvielfalt. Die Evolution hat viele Wege beschritten. Sie hat zu großartiger nat{\"u}rlicher Biodiversit{\"a}t gef{\"u}hrt - zu Organismen, die an sehr unterschiedliche Umwelten angepasst sind und zum Teil eine ulkige Gestalt haben oder ein merkw{\"u}rdiges Verhalten zeigen. Aber auch die von Menschenhand gemachte Biodiversit{\"a}t ist {\"u}berw{\"a}ltigend - man denke nur an die 10.000 verschiedenen Rosensorten, die uns entz{\"u}cken, oder die Myriaden unterschiedlicher Weizen-, Gerste- oder Maisvarianten; Pflanzen, die allesamt fr{\"u}her einmal einfache Gr{\"a}ser waren, uns heute aber ern{\"a}hren. Wir Menschen schaffen eine eigene Biodiversit{\"a}t, eine, die die Natur selbst nicht kennt. Und wir „fahren" gut damit. Dank der Genomforschung k{\"o}nnen wir heute die gesamte Erbinformation von Organismen in wenigen Stunden bis Tagen aus- lesen. Sehr viel l{\"a}nger dauert es aber, die zahlreichen Abschnitte eines Genoms funktionell zu kartieren. Die Wissenschaftler bedienen sich dazu vielf{\"a}ltiger Methoden: Dabei geh{\"o}rt es heute weltweit zum Standardrepertoire, Gene gezielt zu inaktivieren oder zu aktivieren, ihren Code zu modifizieren oder Erbinformationen zwischen Organismen auszutauschen. Dennoch sind die Wege, die zur Erkenntnis f{\"u}hren, oft verschlungen. Nicht selten m{\"u}ssen ausgekl{\"u}gelte experimentelle Ans{\"a}tze gew{\"a}hlt werden, um neue Einsichten in biologische Prozesse zu gewinnen. Mit den Methoden der Genomforschung k{\"o}nnen wir nicht nur das erkunden, was sich in der Natur „da draußen" findet. Wir k{\"o}nnen auch fragen: „Wie verh{\"a}lt sich ein Lebewesen, beispielsweise ein Moos, eigentlich, wenn wir es zur International Space Station (ISS) schicken? Und k{\"o}nnen wir daraus Kenntnisse gewinnen {\"u}ber die Anpassungsstrategien von Lebewesen an harsche Umweltbedingungen oder gar f{\"u}r eine sp{\"a}tere Besiedlung des Mondes oder des Mars´?" Oder k{\"o}nnen wir mithilfe der synthetischen Biologie Mikroorganismen pr{\"a}zise, quasi am Reißbrett geplant, so ver{\"a}ndern, dass neue Optionen f{\"u}r die Behandlung von Krankheiten und f{\"u}r die Herstellung innovativer biobasierter Produkte entstehen? Die Antwort auf beide Fragen lautet eindeutig: Ja! (Wenngleich ein Umzug auf andere Planeten derzeit nat{\"u}rlich nicht vornan steht.). Landnutzung durch den Menschen bestimmt die Biodiversit{\"a}t. Andererseits tragen Organismen zur landschaftlichen Formenbildung bei und beeinflussen {\"u}ber kurz oder lang die Zusammensetzung unserer Atmosph{\"a}re. Auch hier gibt es spannende Fragen, mit denen sich die Forschung besch{\"a}ftigt. Um neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, m{\"u}ssen Forscher immer wieder neue Wege einschlagen. Oft kreuzen sich auch Pfade. So war es beispielsweise vor wenigen Jahren noch kaum absehbar, wir stark die {\"o}kologische Forschung beispielsweise von den schnellen DNA-Sequenziermethoden profitieren w{\"u}rde, und die Genomforscher unter uns konnten kaum erahnen, wie die gleichen Techniken uns neue M{\"o}glichkeiten an die Hand geben sollten, die hochkomplexe Regulation in Zellen zu untersuchen und f{\"u}r die Optimierung biotechnologischer Prozesse zu nutzen. Beispiele aus den vielf{\"a}ltigen Facetten der biologischen Forschung finden Sie - neben anderen interessanten Beitr{\"a}gen - in der aktuellen Ausgabe von „Portal Wissen". Ich w{\"u}nsche Ihnen eine anregende Lekt{\"u}re! Prof. Dr. Bernd M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber Professor f{\"u}r Molekularbiologie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zakharova2015, author = {Zakharova, Olga}, title = {Analysis and modeling of transient earthquake patterns and their dependence on local stress regimes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86455}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVI, 94}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Investigations in the field of earthquake triggering and associated interactions, which includes aftershock triggering as well as induced seismicity, is important for seismic hazard assessment due to earthquakes destructive power. One of the approaches to study earthquake triggering and their interactions is the use of statistical earthquake models, which are based on knowledge of the basic seismicity properties, in particular, the magnitude distribution and spatiotemporal properties of the triggered events. In my PhD thesis I focus on some specific aspects of aftershock properties, namely, the relative seismic moment release of the aftershocks with respect to the mainshocks; the spatial correlation between aftershock occurrence and fault deformation; and on the influence of aseismic transients on the aftershock parameter estimation. For the analysis of aftershock sequences I choose a statistical approach, in particular, the well known Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model, which accounts for the input of background and triggered seismicity. For my specific purposes, I develop two ETAS model modifications in collaboration with Sebastian Hainzl. By means of this approach, I estimate the statistical aftershock parameters and performed simulations of aftershock sequences as well. In the case of seismic moment release of aftershocks, I focus on the ratio of cumulative seismic moment release with respect to the mainshocks. Specifically, I investigate the ratio with respect to the focal mechanism of the mainshock and estimate an effective magnitude, which represents the cumulative aftershock energy (similar to Bath's law, which defines the average difference between mainshock and the largest aftershock magnitudes). Furthermore, I compare the observed seismic moment ratios with the results of the ETAS simulations. In particular, I test a restricted ETAS (RETAS) model which is based on results of a clock advanced model and static stress triggering. To analyze spatial variations of triggering parameters I focus in my second approach on the aftershock occurrence triggered by large mainshocks and the study of the aftershock parameter distribution and their spatial correlation with the coseismic/postseismic slip and interseismic locking. To invert the aftershock parameters I improve the modified ETAS (m-ETAS) model, which is able to take the extension of the mainshock rupture into account. I compare the results obtained by the classical approach with the output of the m-ETAS model. My third approach is concerned with the temporal clustering of seismicity, which might not only be related to earthquake-earthquake interactions, but also to a time-dependent background rate, potentially biasing the parameter estimations. Thus, my coauthors and I also applied a modification of the ETAS model, which is able to take into account time-dependent background activity. It can be applicable for two different cases: when an aftershock catalog has a temporal incompleteness or when the background seismicity rate changes with time, due to presence of aseismic forces. An essential part of any research is the testing of the developed models using observational data sets, which are appropriate for the particular study case. Therefore, in the case of seismic moment release I use the global seismicity catalog. For the spatial distribution of triggering parameters I exploit two aftershock sequences of the Mw8.8 2010 Maule (Chile) and Mw 9.0 2011 Tohoku (Japan) mainshocks. In addition, I use published geodetic slip models of different authors. To test our ability to detect aseismic transients my coauthors and I use the data sets from Western Bohemia (Central Europe) and California. Our results indicate that: (1) the seismic moment of aftershocks with respect to mainshocks depends on the static stress changes and is maximal for the normal, intermediate for thrust and minimal for strike-slip stress regimes, where the RETAS model shows a good correspondence with the results; (2) The spatial distribution of aftershock parameters, obtained by the m-ETAS model, shows anomalous values in areas of reactivated crustal fault systems. In addition, the aftershock density is found to be correlated with coseismic slip gradient, afterslip, interseismic coupling and b-values. Aftershock seismic moment is positively correlated with the areas of maximum coseismic slip and interseismically locked areas. These correlations might be related to the stress level or to material properties variations in space; (3) Ignoring aseismic transient forcing or temporal catalog incompleteness can lead to the significant under- or overestimation of the underlying trigger parameters. In the case when a catalog is complete, this method helps to identify aseismic sources.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zajnulina2015, author = {Zajnulina, Marina}, title = {Optical frequency comb generation in optical fibres}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88776}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 103}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Optical frequency combs (OFC) constitute an array of phase-correlated equidistant spectral lines with nearly equal intensities over a broad spectral range. The adaptations of combs generated in mode-locked lasers proved to be highly efficient for the calibration of high-resolution (resolving power > 50000) astronomical spectrographs. The observation of different galaxy structures or the studies of the Milky Way are done using instruments in the low- and medium resolution range. To such instruments belong, for instance, the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) being developed for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) being in development for the ESO VISTA 4.1 m Telescope. The existing adaptations of OFC from mode-locked lasers are not resolvable by these instruments. Within this work, a fibre-based approach for generation of OFC specifically in the low- and medium resolution range is studied numerically. This approach consists of three optical fibres that are fed by two equally intense continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The first fibre is a conventional single-mode fibre, the second one is a suitably pumped amplifying Erbium-doped fibre with anomalous dispersion, and the third one is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear optical fibre. The evolution of a frequency comb in this system is governed by the following processes: as the two initial CW-laser waves with different frequencies propagate through the first fibre, they generate an initial comb via a cascade of four-wave mixing processes. The frequency components of the comb are phase-correlated with the original laser lines and have a frequency spacing that is equal to the initial laser frequency separation (LFS), i.e. the difference in the laser frequencies. In the time domain, a train of pre-compressed pulses with widths of a few pico-seconds arises out of the initial bichromatic deeply-modulated cosine-wave. These pulses undergo strong compression in the subsequent amplifying Erbium-doped fibre: sub-100 fs pulses with broad OFC spectra are formed. In the following low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre, the OFC experience a further broadening and the intensity of the comb lines are fairly equalised. This approach was mathematically modelled by means of a Generalised Nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger Equation (GNLS) that contains terms describing the nonlinear optical Kerr effect, the delayed Raman response, the pulse self-steepening, and the linear optical losses as well as the wavelength-dependent Erbium gain profile for the second fibre. The initial condition equation being a deeply-modulated cosine-wave mimics the radiation of the two initial CW lasers. The numerical studies are performed with the help of Matlab scripts that were specifically developed for the integration of the GNLS and the initial condition according to the proposed approach for the OFC generation. The scripts are based on the Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta in the Interaction Picture Method (RK4IP) in combination with the local error method. This work includes the studies and results on the length optimisation of the first and the second fibre depending on different values of the group-velocity dispersion of the first fibre. Such length optimisation studies are necessary because the OFC have the biggest possible broadband and exhibit a low level of noise exactly at the optimum lengths. Further, the optical pulse build-up in the first and the second fibre was studied by means of the numerical technique called Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis (SRBA). It was shown that a common soliton crystal state is formed in the first fibre for low laser input powers. The soliton crystal continuously dissolves into separated optical solitons as the input power increases. The pulse formation in the second fibre is critically dependent on the features of the pulses formed in the first fibre. I showed that, for low input powers, an adiabatic soliton compression delivering low-noise OFC occurs in the second fibre. At high input powers, the pulses in the first fibre have more complicated structures which leads to the pulse break-up in the second fibre with a subsequent degradation of the OFC noise performance. The pulse intensity noise studies that were performed within the framework of this thesis allow making statements about the noise performance of an OFC. They showed that the intensity noise of the whole system decreases with the increasing value of LFS.}, language = {en} } @article{WuerznerSchroeder2015, author = {W{\"u}rzner, Kay-Michael and Schroeder, Sascha}, title = {Morphologische und phonologische Repr{\"a}sentationen in childLex}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen prim{\"a}rer St{\"o}rungsbilder}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen prim{\"a}rer St{\"o}rungsbilder}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79842}, pages = {183 -- 200}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @book{WaetzoldtGiese2015, author = {W{\"a}tzoldt, Sebastian and Giese, Holger}, title = {Modeling collaborations in self-adaptive systems of systems}, number = {96}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-324-4}, issn = {1613-5652}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73036}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {72}, year = {2015}, abstract = {An increasing demand on functionality and flexibility leads to an integration of beforehand isolated system solutions building a so-called System of Systems (SoS). Furthermore, the overall SoS should be adaptive to react on changing requirements and environmental conditions. Due SoS are composed of different independent systems that may join or leave the overall SoS at arbitrary point in times, the SoS structure varies during the systems lifetime and the overall SoS behavior emerges from the capabilities of the contained subsystems. In such complex system ensembles new demands of understanding the interaction among subsystems, the coupling of shared system knowledge and the influence of local adaptation strategies to the overall resulting system behavior arise. In this report, we formulate research questions with the focus of modeling interactions between system parts inside a SoS. Furthermore, we define our notion of important system types and terms by retrieving the current state of the art from literature. Having a common understanding of SoS, we discuss a set of typical SoS characteristics and derive general requirements for a collaboration modeling language. Additionally, we retrieve a broad spectrum of real scenarios and frameworks from literature and discuss how these scenarios cope with different characteristics of SoS. Finally, we discuss the state of the art for existing modeling languages that cope with collaborations for different system types such as SoS.}, language = {en} } @misc{WolffSchindlerBrand2015, author = {Wolff, Wanja and Schindler, Sebastian and Brand, Ralf}, title = {The effect of implicitly incentivized faking on explicit and implicit measures of doping attitude}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {524}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-40985}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409854}, pages = {10}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. Several studies indicate that IAT scores can be faked on instruction. But fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. The present study is the first to investigate IAT faking when there is only an implicit incentive to do so. Sixty-five athletes (22.83 years +/- 2.45; 25 women) were randomly assigned to an incentive-to-fake condition or a control condition. Participants in the incentive-to-fake condition were manipulated to believe that athletes with lenient doping attitudes would be referred to a tedious 45-minute anti-doping program. Attitudes were measured with the pictorial doping brief IAT (BIAT) and with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A one-way MANOVA revealed significant differences between conditions after the manipulation in PEAS scores, but not in the doping BIAT. In the light of our hypothesis this suggests that participants successfully faked an exceedingly negative attitude to doping when completing the PEAS, but were unsuccessful in doing so on the reaction time-based test. This study assessed BIAT faking in a setting that aimed to resemble a situation in which participants want to hide their attempts to cheat. The two measures of attitude were differentially affected by the implicit incentive. Our findings provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT is relatively robust against spontaneous and naive faking attempts. (B) IATs might be less prone to faking than implied by previous studies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wohlfarth2015, author = {Wohlfarth, Kai}, title = {PPP: zu Finanzierungsformen, Kapitalmarktrelevanz und {\"o}ffentlicher Verschuldung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90216}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 184}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert die Finanzierungsmodelle von Public-Private-Partnership-Projekten (PPP) und deren Refinanzierung durch die Kapitalgeber. Dabei wurden zwei zentrale Fragestellungen thematisiert. Erstens: F{\"u}hren PPP­Projekte zu einer Verschuldung der {\"o}ffentlichen Hand und sind sie entsprechend bei den Berechnungen der Konvergenzkriterien bzw. der Schulden- und Neuverschuldungsquoten zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen? Die zu pr{\"u}fende Arbeitshypothese geht von einer Verschuldung der {\"o}ffentlichen Hand in Folge von PPP-Projekten aus. Zweitens: Unterstellt wird eine bedeutsame Funktion von PPP f{\"u}r die Infrastrukturfinanzierung, wobei im Sinne einer Effizienzsteigerung die Passgenauigkeit beziehungsweise Konsistenz der haushaltsrechtlichen Regelungen mit den regulatorischen Vorgaben f{\"u}r die Kapitalgeber von PPP-Projekten analysiert wird. Diese Schnittstelle und die zur Generierung g{\"u}nstiger („kommunal{\"a}hnlicher") Finanzierungskonditionen notwendigen staatlichen Garantien bei PPP dr{\"a}ngt geradezu zu einem ordnungspolitischen Vergleich von Ans{\"a}tzen bzw. Projekten im Bereich PPP und in Cash-Flow-Kalk{\"u}len. Die Arbeit f{\"u}hrt mit einem gewissen gesamtwirtschaftlichen Fokus der PPP tief in die Analyse des Kapitalmarktes und der Bankenregulierung. Es erfolgt ein Vergleich der gedeckten Refinanzierungsinstrumente f{\"u}r PPP, die durch Forderungen besichert sind (Asset Backed Securities) und solche, die beispielsweise durch Forderungen gegen die {\"o}ffentliche Hand besichert sind (Covered Bonds). Letztere k{\"o}nnen auch grundpfandrechtlich gesichert sein. Hier setzt der Verfasser sp{\"a}ter seine Skizze eines „Infrastructure Covered Bonds" f{\"u}r die Finanzierung notwendiger Infrastrukturmaßnahmen nicht nur in Deutschland an, wobei das Wertpapier hier ausschließlich zur Finanzierung der Infrastruktur bei einem entsprechend neu zuschaffenden (Deckungs-) Registers begeben werden wird.}, language = {de} } @misc{WitzelNeugartRuppeletal.2015, author = {Witzel, Katja and Neugart, Susanne and Ruppel, Silke and Schreiner, Monika and Wiesner, Melanie and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406479}, pages = {14}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.}, language = {en} } @misc{WilskeEccardZistlSchlingmannetal.2015, author = {Wilske, Burkhard and Eccard, Jana and Zistl-Schlingmann, Marcus and Hohmann, Maximilian and Methler, Annabel and Herde, Antje and Liesenjohann, Thilo and Dannenmann, Michael and Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus and Breuer, Lutz}, title = {Effects of short term bioturbation by common voles on biogeochemical soil variables}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {499}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-40837}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408375}, pages = {19}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Bioturbation contributes to soil formation and ecosystem functioning. With respect to the active transport of matter by voles, bioturbation may be considered as a very dynamic process among those shaping soil formation and biogeochemistry. The present study aimed at characterizing and quantifying the effects of bioturbation by voles on soil water relations and carbon and nitrogen stocks. Bioturbation effects were examined based on a field set up in a luvic arenosol comprising of eight 50 x 50 m enclosures with greatly different numbers of common vole (Microtus arvalis L., ca. 35-150 individuals ha(-1) mth(-1)). Eleven key soil variables were analyzed: bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), CO2 emission potential, C/N ratio, the stable isotopic signatures of C-13 and N-15, and pH. The highest vole densities were hypothesized to cause significant changes in some variables within 21 months. Results showed that land history had still a major influence, as eight key variables displayed an additional or sole influence of topography. However, the delta N-15 at depths of 10-20 and 20-30 cm decreased and increased with increasing vole numbers, respectively. Also the CO2 emission potential from soil collected at a depth of 15-30 cm decreased and the C/N ratio at 5-10 cm depth narrowed with increasing vole numbers. These variables indicated the first influence of voles on the respective mineralization processes in some soil layers. Tendencies of vole activity homogenizing SOC and N contents across layers were not significant. The results of the other seven key variables did not confirm significant effects of voles. Thus overall, we found mainly a first response of variables that are indicative for changes in biogeochemical dynamics but not yet of those representing changes in pools.}, language = {en} }