@article{Mackert2013,
  author    = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Towards a sociological explanation of violence in conflicts of social orders},
  series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie = Journal de sociologie de Berlin},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie = Journal de sociologie de Berlin},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  issn      = {0863-1808},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11609-013-0210-y},
  pages     = {91 -- 113},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The article argues that the uprisings during the Arab Spring as well as the riots in either the banlieues of French cities or in London have to be considered as violent conflicts that pose a serious threat to the social orders in which they emerge. These different kinds of social resistance have in common that they communicate more or less developed alternative conceptions of social orders that challenge what has been considered legitimate so far. Until now, sociology has neither successfully explained such kinds of conflicts nor the way they are triggered. Therefore, the article discusses crucial problems of a sociology of violence, i.e. violence as term and concept, theoretical and methodological deficits and, finally, assumptions about the role of violence in conflict-ridden processes of modernization and civilization in general. The article argues that a sociology of violence should concentrate on the nexus of social order and violence in order to explain how and why violent conflicts emerge in specific social contexts. Thus, a sociology of violence should take an effort to reconstruct the crucial social mechanisms that underlie the dynamics of emerging violence in processes of production and reproduction of social order.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Mackert2011,
  author    = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {In the name of the state the secret society of the torturers},
  series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie = Journal de sociologie de Berlin},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie = Journal de sociologie de Berlin},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  issn      = {0863-1808},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11609-011-0165-9},
  pages     = {431 -- 459},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Torture is an extreme act of collective violence that is secretly executed in the name of a state. In order to explain the reasons why people torture others, individualist approaches concentrate on individuals' motives or interests. Contrary to that, the article argues that torture should be understood as a social relation. Thus, it takes the social relations of the group of torturers as a starting point. Firstly, following Georg Simmel's analysis of the secret society the paper argues that the group of torturers can adequately be conceptualized as a secret society; secondly, against this background the article reconstructs the conditions which structure torturers' agency; finally, this article offers an outline of the processes and dynamics that allows for explaining the phenomenon of torture. The thesis of the article argues that a relational sociology helps better explain and understand the social phenomenon of torture.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Mackert2011,
  author    = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Im Auftrag des Staates},
  series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  issn      = {0863-1808},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11609-011-0165-9},
  pages     = {431 -- 459},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Folter ist ein Akt extremer kollektiver Gewalt, der im Auftrag eines Staates im Geheimen ausge{\"u}bt wird. Die Frage, was Menschen dazu bringt, anderen Menschen diese extreme Gewalt anzutun, verengt den Blick f{\"u}r ein Verst{\"a}ndnis der Folter allzu schnell auf individualistische Erkl{\"a}rungsversuche. Der vorliegende Aufsatz geht im Gegensatz dazu von der Gruppe der Folterer aus und r{\"u}ckt die sozialen Beziehungen dieser Form der Vergesellschaftung und die von ihnen ausgehenden sozialen Dynamiken und Effekte in den Mittelpunkt. In einem ersten Schritt werden Georg Simmels formale Bestimmungen der geheimen Gesellschaft rekonstruiert und auf die geheime Gesellschaft der Folterer angewandt und spezifiziert; auf dieser Grundlage werden im zweiten Schritt Handlungsbedingungen der Mitglieder der geheimen Gesellschaft der Folterer herausgearbeitet; der dritte Schritt bestimmt die eigendynamischen Prozesse des Ph{\"a}nomens der Folter, die aus der Eskalation politischer Konflikte, der Gruppe der Folterer und der Situation der Folter erwachsen. Die These lautet, dass sich aus der Perspektive einer relationalen Soziologie ein theoretischer Zugriff auf das Problem der Folter ergibt, der weiterf{\"u}hrende Erkl{\"a}rungen des Ph{\"a}nomens erm{\"o}glicht.},
  language  = {de}
}