@article{JannaschNickelBergmannetal.2022, author = {Jannasch, Franziska and Nickel, Daniela V. and Bergmann, Manuela M. and Schulze, Matthias Bernd}, title = {A new evidence-based diet score to capture associations of food consumption and chronic disease risk}, series = {Nutrients / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, volume = {14}, journal = {Nutrients / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu14112359}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Previously, the attempt to compile German dietary guidelines into a diet score was predominantly not successful with regards to preventing chronic diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Current guidelines were supplemented by the latest evidence from systematic reviews and expert papers published between 2010 and 2020 on the prevention potential of food groups on chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. A diet score was developed by scoring the food groups according to a recommended low, moderate or high intake. The relative validity and reliability of the diet score, assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, was investigated. The consideration of current evidence resulted in 10 key food groups being preventive of the chronic diseases of interest. They served as components in the diet score and were scored from 0 to 1 point, depending on their recommended intake, resulting in a maximum of 10 points. Both the reliability (r = 0.53) and relative validity (r = 0.43) were deemed sufficient to consider the diet score as a stable construct in future investigations. This new diet score can be a promising tool to investigate dietary intake in etiological research by concentrating on 10 key dietary determinants with evidence-based prevention potential for chronic diseases.}, language = {en} } @article{MohnkeWarschburger2011, author = {Mohnke, Sebastian and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Body dissatisfaction among female and male adolescents comparing prevalence, predictors, and consequences between the sexes}, series = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie}, volume = {60}, journal = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie}, number = {4}, publisher = {Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0032-7034}, pages = {285 -- 303}, year = {2011}, abstract = {As part of the POPS study (Potsdam prevention of eating disorders) 300 adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years completed questionnaires measuring satisfaction with weight and muscles, body change strategies and disturbed eating behavior. More than half of the girls and a third of the boys are dissatisfied with their weight. Nearly 70\% of the male participants were unhappy with their muscles. Both forms of body dissatisfaction are influenced by similar sociocultural and psychological factors. While weight dissatisfaction leads to weight reduction strategies and disturbed eating, muscle dissatisfaction results in muscle enhancement methods. Potential harmful consequences of excessive muscle building techniques are discussed. The data emphasize the need for a sex-specific investigation of body dissatisfaction and its consequences. Body image aspects relevant to boys should be added to intervention and prevention approaches.}, language = {de} } @article{SchefflerObermueller2012, author = {Scheffler, Christiane and Oberm{\"u}ller, Janina}, title = {Development of fat distribution patterns in children and its association with the type of body shape assessed by the Metric-Index}, series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, volume = {69}, journal = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0138}, pages = {45 -- 55}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The present cross-sectional anthropometric study evaluates new approaches in preventing overweight in children. Anthropometric data were obtained in 289 German children (146 boys, 143 girls) aged 6-11 years and 41 20-29 year old German female students for describing the type of body shape by Metric-Index (thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, height). The data were correlated with 15 fat layers measured with a lipometer with Principal Component Analyses and ANOVA. In females the android respectively gynoid type of body shape was significantly associated with the pyknomorphic respectively leptomorphic type. The study demonstrates that this pattern is established by an age of 8 years, when the earliest maturing children start to enter puberty. This pattern can be used to check the individual's risk of overweight and to recommend preventive healthcare interventions.}, language = {en} } @article{BondueScheithauer2014, author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Leaking and death-threats by students: A study in German schools}, series = {School psychology international}, volume = {35}, journal = {School psychology international}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0143-0343}, doi = {10.1177/0143034314552346}, pages = {592 -- 608}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.}, language = {en} } @article{SalzwedelRabeZahnetal.2018, author = {Salzwedel, Annett and Rabe, Sophie and Zahn, Thomas and Neuwirth, Julia and Eichler, Sarah and Haubold, Kathrin and Wachholz, Anne and Reibis, Rona Katharina and V{\"o}ller, Heinz}, title = {Nutzerinteresse an mobilen digitalen Assistenzsystemen zur F{\"o}rderung k{\"o}rperlicher Aktivit{\"a}t bei Studierenden und Mitarbeitern einer Universit{\"a}t}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {80}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {11}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0941-3790}, doi = {10.1055/s-0043-103951}, pages = {1023 -- 1025}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Hintergrund Einem Großteil der Bev{\"o}lkerung gelingt es trotz ausreichenden Wissens um die protektiven Effekte nicht, ausreichende k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t in den Alltag zu integrieren. Digitale Assistenzsysteme k{\"o}nnten hierbei unterst{\"u}tzend eingesetzt werden. Dies setzt jedoch das Interesse potentieller Nutzer voraus. Methode In einer Online-Befragung wurden im Juni/Juli 2015 Mitarbeiter und Studierende der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam zum individuellen Ausmaß der sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t, dem Interesse an elektronischer Trainingsunterst{\"u}tzung und weiteren Parametern befragt. Ergebnis 1217 Studierende und 485 Mitarbeiter (67,3 bzw. 67,5\% Frauen, 26±4,9 bzw. 42,7±11,7 Jahre) nahmen an der Studie teil. Die empfohlene sportliche Aktivit{\"a}t (≥3 Tage bzw. 150 min/Woche) wurde von 70,1\% der Mitarbeiter und 52,7\% der Studierenden nicht erreicht. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen zeigten 53,2\% (Studierende) bzw. 44,2\% (Mitarbeiter), unabh{\"a}ngig von Alter, Geschlecht, BMI bzw. Bildungsniveau, Interesse an einer elektronischen Trainingsunterst{\"u}tzung. Schlussfolgerung Auch in j{\"u}ngeren Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen mit hohem Bildungsniveau ist die Mehrzahl der Personen unzureichend k{\"o}rperlich aktiv. Ein Interesse an Trainingsunterst{\"u}tzung besteht in etwa der H{\"a}lfte dieser sportlich inaktiven Gruppe. Dies legt den Schluss nahe, dass der personalisierte Einsatz mobiler Assistenzsysteme f{\"u}r die positive Beeinflussung des Lebensstils zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen k{\"o}nnte.}, language = {de} } @article{DiehlMayerMayeretal.2015, author = {Diehl, Katharina and Mayer, Manfred and Mayer, Frank and G{\"o}rig, Tatiana and Bock, Christina and Herr, Raphael M. and Schneider, Sven}, title = {Physical Activity Counseling by Primary Care Physicians: Attitudes, Knowledge, Implementation, and Perceived Success}, series = {Journal of physical activity and health}, volume = {12}, journal = {Journal of physical activity and health}, number = {2}, publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.}, address = {Champaign}, issn = {1543-3080}, doi = {10.1123/jpah.2013-0273}, pages = {216 -- 223}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: In physical activity (PA) counseling, primary care physicians (PCPs) play a key role because they are in regular contact with large sections of the population and are important contact people in all health-related issues. However, little is known about their attitudes, knowledge, and perceived success, as well as about factors associated with the implementation of PA counseling. Methods: We collected data from 4074 PCPs including information on physician and practice characteristics, attitudes toward cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, and measures used during routine practice to prevent CVD. Here, we followed widely the established 5 A's strategy (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange). Results: The majority (87.2\%) of PCPs rated their own level of competence in PA counseling as 'high,' while 52.3\% rated their own capability to motivate patients to increase PA as 'not good.' Nine of ten PCPs routinely provided at least 1 measure of the modified 5 A's strategy, while 9.5\% routinely used all 5 intervention strategies. Conclusions: The positive attitude toward PA counseling among PCPs should be supported by other stakeholders in the field of prevention and health promotion. An example would be the reimbursement of health counseling services by compulsory health insurance, which would enable PCPs to invest more time in individualized health promotion.}, language = {en} } @article{WillmannHeniLinderetal.2019, author = {Willmann, Caroline and Heni, Martin and Linder, Katarzyna and Wagner, Robert and Stefan, Norbert and Machann, J{\"u}rgen and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Joost, Hans-Georg and Haring, Hans-Ulrich and Fritsche, Andreas}, title = {Potential effects of reduced red meat compared with increased fiber intake on glucose metabolism and liver fat content}, series = {The American journal of clinical nutrition : a publication of the American Society for Nutrition, Inc.}, volume = {109}, journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition : a publication of the American Society for Nutrition, Inc.}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0002-9165}, doi = {10.1093/ajcn/nqy307}, pages = {288 -- 296}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that an increased red meat intake is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas an increased fiber intake is associated with a lower risk. Objectives: We conducted an intervention study to investigate the effects of these nutritional factors on glucose and lipid metabolism, body-fat distribution, and liver fat content in subjects at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: This prospective, randomized, and controlled dietary intervention study was performed over 6 mo. All groups decreased their daily caloric intake by 400 kcal. The "control" group (N = 40) only had this requirement. The "no red meat" group (N = 48) in addition aimed to avoid the intake of red meat, and the "fiber" group (N = 44) increased intake of fibers to 40 g/d. Anthropometric parameters and frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after intervention. Body-fat mass and distribution, liver fat, and liver iron content were assessed by MRI and single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Participants in all groups lost weight (mean 3.3 +/- 0.5 kg, P < 0.0001). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity improved (P < 0.001), and body and visceral fat mass decreased in all groups (P < 0.001). These changes did not differ between groups. Liver fat content decreased significantly (P < 0.001) with no differences between the groups. The decrease in liver fat correlated with the decrease in ferritin during intervention (r(2) = 0.08, P = 0.0021). This association was confirmed in an independent lifestyle intervention study (Tuebingen Lifestyle Intervention Program, N = 229, P = 0.0084). Conclusions: Our data indicate that caloric restriction leads to a marked improvement in glucose metabolism and body-fat composition, including liver-fat content. The marked reduction in liver fat might be mediated via changes in ferritin levels. In the context of caloric restriction, there seems to be no additional beneficial impact of reduced red meat intake and increased fiber intake on the improvement in cardiometabolic risk parameters. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03231839.}, language = {en} } @article{HoeseWyschkonMoraskeetal.2016, author = {H{\"o}se, Anna and Wyschkon, Anne and Moraske, Svenja and Eggeling, Marie and Quandte, Sabine and Kohn, Juliane and Poltz, Nadine and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Prevention of dyslexia short-term and intermediate effects of promoting phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondence with at-risk preschool children}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, volume = {44}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {Bern}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000456}, pages = {377 -- 391}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: This study assesses the short-term and intermediate effects of preschool training stimulating phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondence for children at risk of developing dyslexia. Moreover, we examined whether training reduced the frequency of subsequent dyslexic problems. Method: 25 children at risk of developing dyslexia were trained with Horen, Lauschen, Lernen 1 und 2 (Kuspert \& Schneider, 2008; Plume \& Schneider, 2004) by their kindergarten teachers and were compared with 60 untrained at-risk children. Results:The training revealed a significant short-term effect: The phonological awareness of trained at-risk children increased significantly over that of untrained at-risk children. However, there were no differences in phonological awareness, spelling, and reading ability between the first-graders in the training and control group. Furthermore, reading problems were reduced in the training group. Conclusions: In the future, phonological awareness as well as additional predictors should be included when identifying children vulnerable to developing dyslexia. Moreover, in order to prevent dyslexia, additional prerequisite deficits need to be identified, alleviated, and their effects evaluated.}, language = {de} } @article{MoraskePenroseWyschkonetal.2018, author = {Moraske, Svenja and Penrose, Anna and Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Rauscher, Larissa and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Pr{\"a}vention von Rechenst{\"o}rungen}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {27}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000242}, pages = {31 -- 42}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Ziel ist die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der kurz- und mittelfristigen Wirksamkeit einer vorschulischen F{\"o}rderung des Mengen- und Zahlenverst{\"a}ndnisses bei Kindern mit einem Risiko f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer Rechenst{\"o}rung. Es wurden 32 Risikokinder mit einer Kombination aus den F{\"o}rderprogrammen Mathematik im Vorschulalter und Mengen, z{\"a}hlen, Zahlen im letzten Kindergartenjahr von den Erzieherinnen trainiert und mit 38 untrainierten Risikokindern verglichen. Hinsichtlich der kurzfristigen Wirksamkeit zeigten sich positive Trainingseffekte auf die numerischen Leistungen im letzten Kindergartenjahr. Es ließen sich keine signifikanten mittelfristigen Trainingseffekte auf die Rechenleistungen im zweiten Halbjahr der 1. Klasse finden. Das eingesetzte vorschulische Pr{\"a}ventionsprogramm leistete danach einen wichtigen Beitrag zur kurzfristigen Verbesserung der mathematischen Basiskompetenzen.}, language = {de} } @article{LindenMuschallaHansmeieretal.2014, author = {Linden, Michael and Muschalla, Beate and Hansmeier, Thomas and Sandner, Gabriele}, title = {Reduction of sickness absence by an occupational health care management program focusing on self-efficacy and self-management}, series = {Work : a journal of prevention, assessment \& rehabilitation}, volume = {47}, journal = {Work : a journal of prevention, assessment \& rehabilitation}, number = {4}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1051-9815}, doi = {10.3233/WOR-131616}, pages = {485 -- 489}, year = {2014}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of occupational health care management programs (OHMP) is to improve the health status of employees, increase work ability and reduce absence time. This includes better coping abilities, work-related self-efficacy and self-management which are important abilities that should be trained within OHMPs. OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness of an OHMP including special interventions to enhance self-efficacy and self-management. PARTICIPANTS: Employees from the German Federal Pension Agency. METHODS: Effects of an OHMP on sickness absence was studied by comparing an intervention group (N = 159) and two control groups (N = 450). A core feature of the OHMP were group sessions with all members of working teams, focussing on self-efficacy and self management of the individual participant as well as the team as a group (focus groups). Participants in the OHMP were asked for their subjective evaluation of the focus groups. Rates of sickness absence were taken from the routine data of the employer. RESULTS: Participants of the OHMP indicated that they had learned better ways of coping and communication and that they had generated intentions to make changes in their working situation. The rate of sickness absence in the intervention group decreased from 9.26\% in the year before the OHMP to 7.93\% in the year after the program, while there was in the same time an increase of 7.9\% and 10.7\% in the two control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that OHMP with focus on self-efficacy and self management of individuals and teams are helpful in reducing work absenteeism.}, language = {en} }