@article{CasselRischIntziegiannietal.2018,
  author    = {Cassel, Michael and Risch, Lucie and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mueller, Juliane and Stoll, Josefine and Brecht, Pia and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Incidence of achilles and patellar tendinopathy in adolescent elite athletes},
  series = {International journal of sports medicine},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {International journal of sports medicine},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0172-4622},
  doi       = {10.1055/a-0633-9098},
  pages     = {726 -- 732},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The study investigated the incidence of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy in adolescent elite athletes and non-athletic controls. Furthermore, predictive and associated factors for tendinopathy development were analyzed. The prospective study consisted of two measurement days (M1/M2) with an interval of 3.2 +/- 0.9 years. 157 athletes (12.1 +/- 0.7 years) and 25 controls (13.3 +/- 0.6 years) without Achilles/patellar tendinopathy were included at Ml. Clinical and ultrasound examinations of both Achilles (AT) and patellar tendons (PT) were performed. Main outcome measures were incidence tendinopathy and structural intratendinous alterations (hypo-/hyperechogenicity, vascularization) at M2 [\%]. Incidence of Achilles tendinopathy was 1\% in athletes and 0\% in controls. Patellar tendinopathy was more frequent in athletes (13 \%)than in controls (4\%). Incidence of intratendinous alterations in ATs was 1-2\% in athletes and 0 \% in controls, whereas in PTs it was 4-6 \% in both groups (p >0.05). Intratendinous alterations at M2 were associated with patellar tendinopathy in athletes (p <= 0.01). Intratendinous alterations at M1, anthropometric data, training amount, sports or sex did not predict tendinopathy development (p>0.05). Incidence often dinopathy and intratendinous alterations in adolescent athletes is low in ATs and more common in PTs. Development of intratendinous alterations in PT is associated with tend in opathy. However, predictive factors could not be identified.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CasselMuellerMoseretal.2019,
  author    = {Cassel, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Moser, Othmar and Strempler, Mares Elaine and Reso, Judith and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Orthopedic Injury Profiles in Adolescent Elite Athletes},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2019.00544},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Aim: The aim of the study was to identify common orthopedic sports injury profiles in adolescent elite athletes with respect to age, sex, and anthropometrics. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 718 orthopedic presentations among 381 adolescent elite athletes from 16 different sports to a sports medical department was performed. Recorded data of history and clinical examination included area, cause and structure of acute and overuse injuries. Injury-events were analyzed in the whole cohort and stratified by age (11-14/15-17 years) and sex. Group differences were tested by chi-squared-tests. Logistic regression analysis was applied examining the influence of factors age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on the outcome variables area and structure (a = 0.05). Results: Higher proportions of injury-events were reported for females (60\%) and athletes of the older age group (66\%) than males and younger athletes. The most frequently injured area was the lower extremity (47\%) followed by the spine (30.5\%) and the upper extremity (12.5\%). Acute injuries were mainly located at the lower extremity (74.5\%), while overuse injuries were predominantly observed at the lower extremity (41\%) as well as the spine (36.5\%). Joints (34\%), muscles (22\%), and tendons (21.5\%) were found to be the most often affected structures. The injured structures were different between the age groups (p = 0.022), with the older age group presenting three times more frequent with ligament pathology events (5.5\%/2\%) and less frequent with bony problems (11\%/20.5\%) than athletes of the younger age group. The injured area differed between the sexes (p = 0.005), with males having fewer spine injury-events (25.5\%/34\%) but more upper extremity injuries (18\%/9\%) than females. Regression analysis showed statistically significant influence for BMI (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.015) on structure, whereas the area was significantly influenced by sex (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Events of soft-tissue overuse injuries are the most common reasons resulting in orthopedic presentations of adolescent elite athletes. Mostly, the lower extremity and the spine are affected, while sex and age characteristics on affected area and structure must be considered. Therefore, prevention strategies addressing the injury-event profiles should already be implemented in early adolescence taking age, sex as well as injury entity into account.},
  language  = {en}
}