@article{TetzlaffHartmannDumontetal.2022,
  author    = {Tetzlaff, Leonard and Hartmann, Ulrike and Dumont, Hanna and Brod, Garvin},
  title     = {Assessing individualized instruction in the classroom},
  series = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI)},
  volume    = {82},
  journal   = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI)},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0959-4752},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101655},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In this article, we address the measurement of individualized instruction in the context of regular classroom instruction. Our study assessed instructional practices geared towards individualization in German third grade reading lessons by combining self-report data from 621 students, from their teachers (n = 57), and live obser-vations. We then investigated the reliability of these different approaches to measuring individualization as well as the agreement between them. All three approaches yielded reliable indicators of individualized practices, but not all of them corresponded with each other. We found considerable agreement between students and observers, but neither agreed with teachers' self-reports. Upon closer examination, we found that students' ratings only correlated with teacher ratings that were provided close to the timepoint of interest. This correlation increased when teacher measures were corrected for response tendencies. We conclude with some recommendations for future studies that aim to measure individualized instruction in the classroom.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TrainiKleinertBittmann2021,
  author    = {Traini, Claudia and Kleinert, Corinna and Bittmann, Felix},
  title     = {How does exposure to a different school track influence learning progress?},
  series = {Research in social stratification and mobility},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Research in social stratification and mobility},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0276-5624},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100625},
  pages     = {285 -- 298},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {German secondary education is known for its early, strict selection of students into different schooling tracks based on prior academic performance, based on the assumption that students learn more efficiently when the learning environment is tailored to their individual abilities and needs. While much previous research has shown that entry into tracks is socially selective, less is known whether there are effects of being exposed to a particular school track on educational success and which mechanisms are contributing to these effects. We investigate this question by comparing the learning progress in reading and mathematics of students in the upper and intermediate schooling track over five years of secondary schooling, based on large-scale German-wide longitudinal data (NEPS-SC3). Even when restricting our sample to a group of students with similar preconditions and controlling for skills at the beginning of secondary schooling, we find that the learning progress in the upper track is higher for both domains, suggesting scissor effects of track exposure. It is mainly the average performance level of the class, and to a lesser degree its social background composition, which mediates these effects. In contrast, migration background composition of the class and instructional quality perceived by students hardly contribute to explaining increasing learning gains in the upper track.},
  language  = {en}
}