@article{HeidlerBiduVoelleretal.2017,
  author    = {Heidler, Maria-Dorothea and Bidu, Laura and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Salzwedel, Annett},
  title     = {Pr{\"a}diktoren des kognitiven Outcomes beatmeter Fr{\"u}hrehabilitationspatienten},
  series = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Neurologie},
  volume    = {88},
  journal   = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Neurologie},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0028-2804},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00115-017-0311-5},
  pages     = {905 -- 910},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund Patienten, die nach gescheitertem Weaning von der Intensivstation in die Fr{\"u}hrehabilitation (FR) verlegt werden, weisen neben motorischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen oft auch Defizite in ihrer kognitiven Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit auf. Welche patientenseitigen Faktoren das kognitive Outcome am Ende der FR beeinflussen, ist noch unzureichend untersucht. Zielstellung Ermittlung von Pr{\"a}diktoren auf das kognitive Leistungsverm{\"o}gen initial beatmeter FR-Patienten. Methode Zwischen 01/2014 und 12/2015 wurden 301 Patienten (68,3 ± 11,4 Jahre, 67 \% m{\"a}nnlich) einer neurologischen Phase-B-Weaningstation konsekutiv in eine prospektive Beobachtungsstudie eingeschlossen. Zur Ermittlung m{\"o}glicher Einflussfaktoren auf das kognitive Outcome (operationalisiert mittels Neuromentalindex [NMI]) wurden soziodemografische Daten, kritische Erkrankung, Komorbidit{\"a}ten, Parameter zu Weaning und Dekan{\"u}lierung sowie diverse Scores zur Ermittlung funktionaler Parameter erhoben und mittels ANCOVA multivariat ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Insgesamt 248 Patienten (82 \%) konnten erfolgreich geweant werden, 155 (52 \%) dekan{\"u}liert, 75 Patienten (25 \%) verstarben, davon 39 (13 \%) unter Palliativtherapie. F{\"u}r die {\"u}berlebenden Patienten (n = 226) konnten im finalen geschlechts- und altersadjustierten statistischen Modell unabh{\"a}ngige Pr{\"a}diktoren des NMI bei Entlassung aus der FR ermittelt werden: Wachheit und erfolgreiche Dekan{\"u}lierung waren positiv mit dem NMI assoziiert, w{\"a}hrend als kritische Erkrankungen hypoxische Hirnsch{\"a}digungen, Hirninfarkte und Sch{\"a}del-Hirn-Traumata einen negativen Einfluss auf die kognitive Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit hatten. Das berechnete Modell begr{\"u}ndet 57 \% der Varianz des NMI (R2 = 0,568) und weist damit eine hohe Erkl{\"a}rungsqualit{\"a}t auf. Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund des erh{\"o}hten Risikos f{\"u}r eine verminderte kognitive Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit zum Ende der FR sollten vor allem Patienten nach Hypoxie, Hirninfarkt und Sch{\"a}del-Hirn-Trauma intensiv neuropsychologisch betreut werden. Da weiterhin eine erfolgreiche Dekan{\"u}lierung mit verbesserten kognitiven Leistungen assoziiert ist, sollte - vor allem bei wachen Patienten - zudem ein z{\"u}giges Trachealkan{\"u}lenmanagement im therapeutischen Fokus stehen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PeresEyngLopesetal.2015,
  author    = {Peres, Tanara V. and Eyng, Helena and Lopes, Samantha C. and Colle, Dirleise and Goncalves, Filipe M. and Venske, Debora K. R. and Lopes, Mark W. and Ben, Juliana and Bornhorst, Julia and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Aschner, Michael A. and Farina, Marcelo and Prediger, Rui D. and Leal, Rodrigo B.},
  title     = {Developmental exposure to manganese induces lasting motor and cognitive impairment in rats},
  series = {Neurotoxicology : the interdisciplinary journal of effects to toxic substances on the nervous system},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Neurotoxicology : the interdisciplinary journal of effects to toxic substances on the nervous system},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0161-813X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neuro.2015.07.005},
  pages     = {28 -- 37},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Exposure to high manganese (Mn) levels may damage the basal ganglia, leading to a syndrome analogous to Parkinson's disease, with motor and cognitive impairments. The molecular mechanisms underlying Mn neurotoxicity, particularly during development, still deserve further investigation. Herein, we addressed whether early-life Mn exposure affects motor coordination and cognitive function in adulthood and potential underlying mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were exposed intraperitoneally to saline (control) or MnCl2 (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/day) from post-natal day (PND) 8-12. Behavioral tests were performed on PND 60-65 and biochemical analysis in the striatum and hippocampus were performed on PND14 or PND70. Rats exposed to Mn (10 and 20 mg/kg) performed significantly worse on the rotarod test than controls indicating motor coordination and balance impairments. The object and social recognition tasks were used to evaluate short-term memory. Rats exposed to the highest Mn dose failed to recognize a familiar object when replaced by a novel object as well as to recognize a familiar juvenile rat after a short period of time. However, Mn did not alter olfactory discrimination ability. In addition, Mn-treated rats displayed decreased levels of non-protein thiols (e.g. glutathione) and increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the striatum. Moreover, Mn significantly increased hippocampal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. These findings demonstrate that acute low-level exposure to Mn during a critical neurodevelopmental period causes cognitive and motor dysfunctions that last into adulthood, that are accompanied by alterations in antioxidant defense system in both the hippocampus and striatum. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiuSchadKuschpeletal.2016,
  author    = {Liu, Shuyan and Schad, Daniel and Kuschpel, Maxim S. and Rapp, Michael Armin and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Music and Video Gaming during Breaks},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  address   = {Lawrence, Kan.},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0150165},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Different systems for habitual versus goal-directed control are thought to underlie human decision-making. Working memory is known to shape these decision-making systems and their interplay, and is known to support goal-directed decision making even under stress. Here, we investigated if and how decision systems are differentially influenced by breaks filled with diverse everyday life activities known to modulate working memory performance. We used a within-subject design where young adults listened to music and played a video game during breaks interleaved with trials of a sequential two-step Markov decision task, designed to assess habitual as well as goal-directed decision making. Based on a neurocomputational model of task performance, we observed that for individuals with a rather limited working memory capacity video gaming as compared to music reduced reliance on the goal-directed decision-making system, while a rather large working memory capacity prevented such a decline. Our findings suggest differential effects of everyday activities on key decision-making processes.},
  language  = {en}
}