@article{BuschMeissnerPotthoffetal.2015,
  author    = {Busch, Jan Philip and Meißner, Tobias and Potthoff, Annegret and Bleyl, Steffen and Georgi, Anett and Mackenzie, Katrin and Trabitzsch, Ralf and Werban, Ulrike and Oswald, Sascha Eric},
  title     = {A field investigation on transport of carbon-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in groundwater},
  series = {Journal of contaminant hydrology},
  volume    = {181},
  journal   = {Journal of contaminant hydrology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0169-7722},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.03.009},
  pages     = {59 -- 68},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminants is a promising new technology, which can be understood as alternative to the permeable reactive barrier technique using granular iron. Dechlorination of organic contaminants by zero-valent iron seems promising. Currently, one limitation to widespread deployment is the fast agglomeration and sedimentation of nZVI in colloidal suspensions, even more so when in soils and sediments, which limits the applicability for the treatment of sources and plumes of contamination. Colloid-supported nZVI shows promising characteristics to overcome these limitations. Mobility of Carbo-Iron Colloids (CIC) - a newly developed composite material based on finely ground activated carbon as a carrier for nZVI - was tested in a field application: In this study, a horizontal dipole flow field was established between two wells separated by 53 m in a confined, natural aquifer. The injection/extraction rate was 500 L/h. Approximately 12 kg of CIC was suspended with the polyanionic stabilizer carboxymethyl cellulose. The suspension was introduced into the aquifer at the injection well. Breakthrough of CIC was observed visually and based on total particle and iron concentrations detected in samples from the extraction well. Filtration of water samples revealed a particle breakthrough of about 12\% of the amount introduced. This demonstrates high mobility of CIC particles and we suggest that nZVI carried on CIC can be used for contaminant plume remediation by in-situ formation of reactive barriers. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuschMeissnerPotthoffetal.2014,
  author    = {Busch, Jan Philip and Meissner, Tobias and Potthoff, Annegret and Oswald, Sascha Eric},
  title     = {Investigations on mobility of carbon colloid supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in a column experiment and a laboratory 2D-aquifer test system},
  series = {Environmental science and pollution research : official organ of the EuCheMS Division for Chemistry and the Environment, EuCheMS DCE},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Environmental science and pollution research : official organ of the EuCheMS Division for Chemistry and the Environment, EuCheMS DCE},
  number    = {18},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0944-1344},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11356-014-3049-7},
  pages     = {10908 -- 10916},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has recently gained great interest in the scientific community as in situ reagent for installation of permeable reactive barriers in aquifer systems, since nZVI is highly reactive with chlorinated compounds and may render them to harmless substances. However, nZVI has a high tendency to agglomerate and sediment; therefore it shows very limited transport ranges. One new approach to overcome the limited transport of nZVI in porous media is using a suited carrier colloid. In this study we tested mobility of a carbon colloid supported nZVI particle "Carbo-Iron Colloids" (CIC) with a mean size of 0.63 mu m in a column experiment of 40 cm length and an experiment in a two-dimensional (2D) aquifer test system with dimensions of 110x40x5 cm. Results show a breakthrough maximum of 82 \% of the input concentration in the column experiment and 58 \% in the 2D-aquifer test system. Detected residuals in porous media suggest a strong particle deposition in the first centimeters and few depositions in the porous media in the further travel path. Overall, this suggests a high mobility in porous media which might be a significant enhancement compared to bare or polyanionic stabilized nZVI.},
  language  = {en}
}