@article{IlicicWoodhouseKarstenetal.2022,
  author    = {Ilicic, Doris and Woodhouse, Jason and Karsten, Ulf and Zimmermann, Jonas and Wichard, Thomas and Quartino, Maria Liliana and Campana, Gabriela Laura and Livenets, Alexandra and Van den Wyngaert, Silke and Grossart, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Impacts the Diversity of Fungal Parasites Associated With Benthic Diatoms in Shallow Coastal Zones},
  series = {Frontiers in microbiology},
  journal   = {Frontiers in microbiology},
  number    = {13},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-302X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.805694},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Aquatic ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although there is increasing evidence that their diversity and ecological importance are greater than previously considered. Aquatic fungi are critical and abundant components of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics, e.g., exerting top-down control on phytoplankton communities and forming symbioses with many marine microorganisms. However, their relevance for microphytobenthic communities is almost unexplored. In the light of global warming, polar regions face extreme changes in abiotic factors with a severe impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe, for the first time, fungal diversity in Antarctic benthic habitats along the salinity gradient and to determine the co-occurrence of fungal parasites with their algal hosts, which were dominated by benthic diatoms. Our results reveal that Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota are the most abundant fungal taxa in these habitats. We show that also in Antarctic waters, salinity has a major impact on shaping not just fungal but rather the whole eukaryotic community composition, with a diversity of aquatic fungi increasing as salinity decreases. Moreover, we determined correlations between putative fungal parasites and potential benthic diatom hosts, highlighting the need for further systematic analysis of fungal diversity along with studies on taxonomy and ecological roles of Chytridiomycota.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FerreroGodardPalmerietal.2018,
  author    = {Ferrero, Silvio and Godard, Gaston and Palmeri, Rosaria and Wunder, Bernd and Cesare, Bernardo},
  title     = {Partial melting of ultramafic granulites from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica},
  series = {American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials},
  volume    = {103},
  journal   = {American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Mineralogical Society of America},
  address   = {Chantilly},
  issn      = {0003-004X},
  doi       = {10.2138/am-2018-6214},
  pages     = {610 -- 622},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In the Pan-African belt of the Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, crystallized melt inclusions (nanogranitoids) occur in garnet from ultramafic granulites. The granulites contain the peak assemblage pargasite+garnet+clinopyroxene with rare relict orthopyroxene and biotite, and retrograde symplectites at contacts between garnet and amphibole. Garnet contains two generations of melt inclusions. Type 1 inclusions, interpreted as primary, are isolated, < 10 mu m in size, and generally have negative crystal shapes. They contain kokchetavite, kumdykolite, and phlogopite, with quartz and zoisite as minor phases, and undevitrified glass was identified in one inclusion. Type 2 inclusions are < 30 mu m in size, secondary, and contain amphibole, feldspars, and zoisite. Type 2 inclusions appear to be the crystallization products of a melt that coexisted with an immiscible CO2-rich fluid. The nanogranitoids were re-homogenized after heating in a piston-cylinder in a series of four experiments to investigate their composition. The conditions ranged between 900 and 950 degrees C at 1.5-2.4 GPa. Type 1 inclusions are trachytic and ultrapotassic, whereas type 2 melts are dacitic to rhyolitic. Thermodynamic modeling of the ultramafic composition in the MnNCKFMASHTO system shows that anatexis occurred at the end of the prograde P-T path, between the solidus (at ca. 860 degrees C-1.4 GPa) and the peak conditions (at ca. 960 degrees C-1.7 GPa). The model melt composition is felsic and similar to that of type 1 inclusions, particularly when the melting degree is low (< 1 mol\%), close to the solidus. However the modeling fails to reproduce the highly potassic signature of the melt and its low H2O content. The combination of petrology, melt inclusion study, and thermodynamic modeling supports the interpretation that melt was produced by anatexis of the ultramafic boudins near peak P-T conditions, and that type 1 inclusions contain the anatectic melt that was present during garnet growth. The felsic, ultrapotassic composition of the primary anatectic melts is compatible with low melting degrees in the presence of biotite and amphibole as reactants.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JoseClementeMorenoOmranianSaezetal.2019,
  author    = {Jose Clemente-Moreno, Maria and Omranian, Nooshin and Saez, Patricia and Maria Figueroa, Carlos and Del-Saz, Nestor and Elso, Mhartyn and Poblete, Leticia and Orf, Isabel and Cuadros-Inostroza, Alvaro and Cavieres, Lohengrin and Bravo, Leon and Fernie, Alisdair R. and Ribas-Carbo, Miquel and Flexas, Jaume and Nikoloski, Zoran and Brotman, Yariv and Gago, Jorge},
  title     = {Cytochrome respiration pathway and sulphur metabolism sustain stress tolerance to low temperature in the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis},
  series = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science},
  volume    = {225},
  journal   = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0028-646X},
  doi       = {10.1111/nph.16167},
  pages     = {754 -- 768},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Understanding the strategies employed by plant species that live in extreme environments offers the possibility to discover stress tolerance mechanisms. We studied the physiological, antioxidant and metabolic responses to three temperature conditions (4, 15, and 23 degrees C) of Colobanthus quitensis (CQ), one of the only two native vascular species in Antarctica. We also employed Dianthus chinensis (DC), to assess the effects of the treatments in a non-Antarctic species from the same family. Using fused LASSO modelling, we associated physiological and biochemical antioxidant responses with primary metabolism. This approach allowed us to highlight the metabolic pathways driving the response specific to CQ. Low temperature imposed dramatic reductions in photosynthesis (up to 88\%) but not in respiration (sustaining rates of 3.0-4.2 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1)) in CQ, and no change in the physiological stress parameters was found. Its notable antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial cytochrome respiratory activity (20 and two times higher than DC, respectively), which ensure ATP production even at low temperature, was significantly associated with sulphur-containing metabolites and polyamines. Our findings potentially open new biotechnological opportunities regarding the role of antioxidant compounds and respiratory mechanisms associated with sulphur metabolism in stress tolerance strategies to low temperature.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlbrechtLevermann2014,
  author    = {Albrecht, Torsten and Levermann, Anders},
  title     = {Spontaneous ice-front retreat caused by disintegration of adjacent ice shelf in Antarctica},
  series = {Earth \& planetary science letters},
  volume    = {393},
  journal   = {Earth \& planetary science letters},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0012-821X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.034},
  pages     = {26 -- 30},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Antarctic ice-discharge constitutes the largest uncertainty in future sea-level projections. Floating ice shelves, fringing most of Antarctica, exert retentive forces onto the ice flow. While abrupt ice-shelf retreat has been observed, it is generally considered a localized phenomenon. Here we show that the disintegration of an ice shelf may induce the spontaneous retreat of its neighbor. As an example, we reproduce the spontaneous but gradual retreat of the Larsen B ice front as observed after the disintegration of the adjacent Larsen A ice shelf. We show that the Larsen A collapse yields a change in spreading rate in Larsen B via their connecting ice channels and thereby causes a retreat of the ice front to its observed position of the year 2000, prior to its collapse. This mechanism might be particularly relevant for the role of East Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula in future sea level.},
  language  = {en}
}