@article{BouamraZouhalRateletal.2022, author = {Bouamra, Marwa and Zouhal, Hassane and Ratel, S{\´e}bastien and Makhlouf, Issam and Bezrati, Ikram and Chtara, Moktar and Behm, David George and Granacher, Urs and Chaouachi, Anis}, title = {Concurrent Training Promotes Greater Gains on Body Composition and Components of Physical Fitness Than Single-Mode Training (Endurance or Resistance) in Youth With Obesity}, series = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.869063}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population has become a major public health issue. Indeed, the dramatic increase of this epidemic causes multiple and harmful consequences, Physical activity, particularly physical exercise, remains to be the cornerstone of interventions against childhood obesity. Given the conflicting findings with reference to the relevant literature addressing the effects of exercise on adiposity and physical fitness outcomes in obese children and adolescents, the effect of duration-matched concurrent training (CT) [50\% resistance (RT) and 50\% high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)] on body composition and physical fitness in obese youth remains to be elucidated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9-weeks of CT compared to RT or HIIT alone, on body composition and selected physical fitness components in healthy sedentary obese youth. Out of 73 participants, only 37; [14 males and 23 females; age 13.4 ± 0.9 years; body-mass-index (BMI): 31.2 ± 4.8 kg·m-2] were eligible and randomized into three groups: HIIT (n = 12): 3-4 sets×12 runs at 80-110\% peak velocity, with 10-s passive recovery between bouts; RT (n = 12): 6 exercises; 3-4 sets × 10 repetition maximum (RM) and CT (n = 13): 50\% serial completion of RT and HIIT. CT promoted significant greater gains compared to HIIT and RT on body composition (p < 0.01, d = large), 6-min-walking test distance (6 MWT-distance) and on 6 MWT-VO2max (p < 0.03, d = large). In addition, CT showed substantially greater improvements than HIIT in the medicine ball throw test (20.2 vs. 13.6\%, p < 0.04, d = large). On the other hand, RT exhibited significantly greater gains in relative hand grip strength (p < 0.03, d = large) and CMJ (p < 0.01, d = large) than HIIT and CT. CT promoted greater benefits for fat, body mass loss and cardiorespiratory fitness than HIIT or RT modalities. This study provides important information for practitioners and therapists on the application of effective exercise regimes with obese youth to induce significant and beneficial body composition changes. The applied CT program and the respective programming parameters in terms of exercise intensity and volume can be used by practitioners as an effective exercise treatment to fight the pandemic overweight and obesity in youth.}, language = {en} } @article{ChaabeneLesinskiBehmetal.2020, author = {Chaabene, Helmi and Lesinski, Melanie and Behm, David George and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Performance- and healthrelated benefits of youth resistance training}, series = {Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, volume = {36}, journal = {Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, pages = {10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Performance- and healthrelated benefits of yoThere is ample evidence that youth resistance training (RT) is safe, joyful, and effective for different markers of performance (e.g., muscle strength, power, linear sprint speed) and health (e.g., injury prevention). Accordingly, the first aim of this narrative review is to present and discuss the relevance of muscle strength for youth physical development. The second purpose is to report evidence on the effectiveness of RT on muscular fitness (muscle strength, power, muscle endurance), on movement skill performance and injury prevention in youth. There is evidence that RT is effective in enhancing measures of muscle fitness in children and adolescents, irrespective of sex. Additionally, numerous studies indicate that RT has positive effects on fundamental movement skills (e.g., jumping, running, throwing) in youth regardless of age, maturity, training status, and sex. Further, irrespective of age, sex, and training status, regular exposure to RT (e.g., plyometric training) decreases the risk of sustaining injuries in youth. This implies that RT should be a meaningful element of youths' exercise programming. This has been acknowledged by global (e.g., World Health Organization) and national (e.g., National Strength and Conditioning Association) health- and performance-related organizations which is why they recommended to perform RT as an integral part of weekly exercise programs to promote muscular strength, fundamental movement skills, and to resist injuries in youth.uth resistance training}, language = {en} } @article{ChaouachiBenOthmanMakhloufetal.2019, author = {Chaouachi, Anis and Ben Othman, Aymen and Makhlouf, Issam and Young, James D. and Granacher, Urs and Behm, David George}, title = {Global Training Effects of Trained and Untrained Muscles With Youth Can be Maintained During 4 Weeks of Detraining}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, volume = {33}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, number = {10}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000002606}, pages = {2788 -- 2800}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Global (whole-body) effects of resistance training (i.e., cross-education) may be pervasive with children. Detraining induces less substantial deficits with children than adults. It was the objective of this study to investigate the global responses to 4 weeks of detraining after 8 weeks of unilateral leg press (LP) training in 10-13-year-old, pre-peak-height-velocity stage boys. Subjects were randomly separated into 2 unilateral resistance training groups (high load/low repetitions [HL-LR] and low load/high repetitions [LL-HR], and control group). Assessments at pre-training, post-training, and detraining included dominant and nondominant limbs, unilateral, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and 60\% 1RM LP, knee extension, knee flexion, elbow flexion, and handgrip maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and countermovement jump (CMJ). All measures significantly increased from pre-test to detraining for both training programs, except for elbow flexion MVIC with increases only with HL-LR. All measures except CMJ and handgrip MVIC significantly decreased from post-test to detraining, except for elbow flexion MVIC with decreases only with HL-LR. The dominant trained limb experienced significantly greater LP improvements (pre- to detraining) and decrements (post- to detraining) with LP 1RM and 60\% 1RM LP. In conclusion, youth HL-LR and LL-HR global training effects of trained and untrained limbs demonstrate similar benefits (pre- to detraining) and decrements (post- to detraining) with detraining. The findings emphasize that training any muscle group in a child can have positive global implications for improved strength and power that can persist over baseline measures for at least a month.}, language = {en} } @article{CortesGarciaHoffmannWarschburgeretal.2019, author = {Cortes-Garcia, Laura and Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra and Senra, Carmen}, title = {Exploring the reciprocal relationships between adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer attachment and disordered eating}, series = {International Journal of eating disorders}, volume = {52}, journal = {International Journal of eating disorders}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0276-3478}, doi = {10.1002/eat.23086}, pages = {924 -- 934}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objective This prospective study explored bidirectional associations between attachment quality towards mother, father, and peers and disordered eating among a large population-based sample of boys and girls in the transition from preadolescence to adolescence. Specifically, we examined whether insecure attachment relationships emerged as a risk factor for or as an outcome of disordered eating. Method A population-based sample of 904 adolescent girls and boys was assessed four times, at baseline (T1; M-age = 10.8 years) and at 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up (T2, T3, and T4). Prospective data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel models for each attachment figure (i.e., mother, father, peers) in a multigroup design to compare genders. Results Better attachment to the mother led to less pronounced disturbed eating in girls across the entire age range and in boys across two time periods. In girls, more pronounced disordered eating at T3 predicted worse attachment to the mother at T4 and better attachment to the father at T1 predicted less disturbed eating at T2. In boys, disordered eating at T1 predicted better attachment to the father at T2. Concerning peer attachment, better attachment at T1 predicted disordered eating at T2, in boys only. No other significant cross-lagged effects emerged. Discussion These findings highlight the differential and gender-specific contribution of attachment figures to the development of disordered eating in adolescence. Programs aimed at improving communication and trust in the relationship with parents might be promising in the prevention of disordered eating and the subsequent deterioration of parent-child attachment relationships.}, language = {en} } @misc{GranacherLesinskiBueschetal.2016, author = {Granacher, Urs and Lesinski, Melanie and Buesch, Dirk and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Prieske, Olaf and Puta, Christian and Gollhofer, Albert and Behm, David George}, title = {Effects of Resistance Training in Youth Athletes on Muscular Fitness and Athletic Performance: A Conceptual Model for Long-Term Athlete Development}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2016.00164}, pages = {14}, year = {2016}, abstract = {During the stages of long-term athlete development (LTAD), resistance training (RT) is an important means for (i) stimulating athletic development, (ii) tolerating the demands of long-term training and competition, and (iii) inducing long-term health promoting effects that are robust over time and track into adulthood. However, there is a gap in the literature with regards to optimal RT methods during LTAD and how RT is linked to biological age. Thus, the aims of this scoping review were (i) to describe and discuss the effects of RT on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes, (ii) to introduce a conceptual model on how to appropriately implement different types of RT within LTAD stages, and (iii) to identify research gaps from the existing literature by deducing implications for future research. In general, RT produced small -to -moderate effects on muscular fitness and athletic performance in youth athletes with muscular strength showing the largest improvement. Free weight, complex, and plyometric training appear to be well -suited to improve muscular fitness and athletic performance. In addition, balance training appears to be an important preparatory (facilitating) training program during all stages of LTAD but particularly during the early stages. As youth athletes become more mature, specificity, and intensity of RT methods increase. This scoping review identified research gaps that are summarized in the following and that should be addressed in future studies: (i) to elucidate the influence of gender and biological age on the adaptive potential following RT in youth athletes (especially in females), (ii) to describe RT protocols in more detail (i.e., always report stress and strain based parameters), and (iii) to examine neuromuscular and tendomuscular adaptations following RT in youth athletes.}, language = {en} } @article{HammamiChaouachiMakhloufetal.2016, author = {Hammami, Raouf and Chaouachi, Anis and Makhlouf, Issam and Granacher, Urs and Behm, David George}, title = {Associations Between Balance and Muscle Strength, Power Performance in Male Youth Athletes of Different Maturity Status}, series = {Pediatric exercise science}, volume = {28}, journal = {Pediatric exercise science}, publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.}, address = {Champaign}, issn = {0899-8493}, doi = {10.1123/pes.2015-0231}, pages = {521 -- 534}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Balance, strength and power relationships may contain important information at various maturational stages to determine training priorities. Purpose: The objective was to examine maturity-specific relationships of static/dynamic balance with strength and power measures in young male athletes. Method: Soccer players (N = 130) aged 10-16 were assessed with the Stork and Y balance (YBT) tests. Strength/power measures included back extensor muscle strength, standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and 3-hop jump tests. Associations between balance with strength/power variables were calculated according to peak-height-velocity (PHV). Results: There were significant medium-large sized correlations between all balance measures with back extensor strength (r =.486.791) and large associations with power (r =.511.827). These correlation coefficients were significantly different between pre-PHV and circa PHV as well as pre-PHV and post-PHV with larger associations in the more mature groups. Irrespective of maturity-status, SLJ was the best strength/ power predictor with the highest proportion of variance (12-47\%) for balance (i.e., Stork eyes opened) and the YBT was the best balance predictor with the highest proportion of variance (43-78\%) for all strength/ power variables. Conclusion: The associations between balance and muscle strength/power measures in youth athletes that increase with maturity may imply transfer effects from balance to strength/power training and vice versa in youth athletes.}, language = {en} } @article{HammamiGranacherMakhloufetal.2016, author = {Hammami, Raouf and Granacher, Urs and Makhlouf, Issam and Behm, David George and Chaouachi, Anis}, title = {SEQUENCING EFFECTS OF BALANCE AND PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN YOUTH SOCCER ATHLETES}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000001425}, pages = {3278 -- 3289}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Balance training may have a preconditioning effect on subsequent power training with youth. There are no studies examining whether the sequencing of balance and plyometric training has additional training benefits. The objective was to examine the effect of sequencing balance and plyometric training on the performance of 12- to 13-year-old athletes. Twenty-four young elite soccer players trained twice per week for 8 weeks either with an initial 4 weeks of balance training followed by 4 weeks of plyometric training (BPT) or 4 weeks of plyometric training proceeded by 4 weeks of balance training (PBT). Testing was conducted pre- and posttraining and included medicine ball throw; horizontal and vertical jumps; reactive strength; leg stiffness; agility; 10-, 20-, and 30-m sprints; Standing Stork balance test; and Y-Balance test. Results indicated that BPT provided significantly greater improvements with reactive strength index, absolute and relative leg stiffness, triple hop test, and a trend for the Y-Balance test (p = 0.054) compared with PBT. Although all other measures had similar changes for both groups, the average relative improvement for the BPT was 22.4\% (d = 1.5) vs. 15.0\% (d = 1.1) for the PBT. BPT effect sizes were greater with 8 of 13 measures. In conclusion, although either sequence of BPT or PBT improved jumping, hopping, sprint acceleration, and Standing Stork and Y-Balance, BPT initiated greater training improvements in reactive strength index, absolute and relative leg stiffness, triple hop test, and the Y-Balance test. BPT may provide either similar or superior performance enhancements compared with PBT.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hoffmann2018, author = {Hoffmann, Svenja Sarah Helen}, title = {Gewichts-/Figursorgen und Muskelsorgen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {V, 74}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Unzufriedenheit mit Gewicht und Figur gilt als bedeutsamer Risikofaktor f{\"u}r die Entstehung von gest{\"o}rtem Essverhalten und Essst{\"o}rungen im Vollbild und steht mit reduziertem psychischem Wohlbefinden in Zusammenhang. Aufgrund der hohen klinischen Relevanz wurden Gewichts- /Figursorgen v. a. bei weiblichen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen vielfach untersucht. Muskelsorgen - als m{\"a}nnliches {\"A}quivalent betrachtet - stießen erst im Verlauf der letzten 20 Jahren auf vermehrtes Interesse in der psychologischen Forschung. Die aktuellen westlichen Sch{\"o}nheitsideale legen jedoch die Relevanz von Gewicht, Figur und Muskulosit{\"a}t in Bezug auf aussehensbezogene Sorgen bei beiden Geschlechtern nahe. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden deshalb die folgenden Fragestellungen thematisiert: (1) Auftreten: Wie sind Gewichts- /Figursorgen und Muskelsorgen bei weiblichen und m{\"a}nnlichen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen ausgepr{\"a}gt? Wie ver{\"a}ndern sie sich {\"u}ber 20 Monate? Welche Profile lassen sich bez{\"u}glich ihres Auftretens definieren? (2) Einflussfaktoren: Welchen Einfluss haben Alter, Gewichtsstatus, negative Affektivit{\"a}t und Internalisierung des Sch{\"o}nheitsideals auf Gewichts- /Figursorgen und Muskelsorgen? (3) Folgen: Welchen Einfluss haben Gewichts-/Figursorgen und Muskelsorgen auf essensbezogene Sorgen, restriktives Essverhalten, Binge Eating, zwanghaftes Bewegungsverhalten, Verhaltensweisen zum Muskelaufbau und negative Affektivit{\"a}t? Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass mehr M{\"a}dchen von aussehensbezogenen Sorgen betroffen sind und diese im Mittel h{\"o}her ausgepr{\"a}gte Gewichts-/Figursorgen zeigen, w{\"a}hrend Jungen h{\"o}her ausgepr{\"a}gte Muskelsorgen berichten. Eine differenzierte Analyse verschiedener Subgruppen legt jedoch nahe, dass es in Gruppen mit ausgepr{\"a}gten aussehensbezogenen Sorgen keine Geschlechtsunterschiede bez{\"u}glich Gewichts-/Figursorgen und Muskelsorgen gibt. Dieser Befund unterstreicht die Relevanz beider Aspekte bei beiden Geschlechtern und legt eine entsprechende Erfassung in zuk{\"u}nftigen Studien nahe. Des Weiteren ergaben sich Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r die Notwendigkeit der Pr{\"a}vention bei M{\"a}dchen mit {\"U}bergewicht/Adipositas im sp{\"a}ten Jugend- und fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter ebenso wie bei Jungen mit Untergewicht sowie {\"U}bergewicht/Adipositas. Neben Gewichts-/Figursorgen sollte bei weiblichen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen auch die Internalisierung des schlanken Ideals thematisiert werden, um der Entstehung von auff{\"a}lligem Ess- und Bewegungsverhalten vorzubeugen. Bei beiden Geschlechtern zeigte sich außerdem die Internalisierung des athletischen Ideals als relevanter Ansatzpunkt f{\"u}r die Vorbeugung von Verhaltensweisen zum Muskelaufbau. Dar{\"u}berhinaus konnten bei beiden Geschlechtern sowohl f{\"u}r Gewichts-/Figursorgen, als auch f{\"u}r Muskelsorgen Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit potentiell gesundheitssch{\"a}dlichen Verhaltensweisen gezeigt werden. Zusammenfassend gelang in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine differenzierte Analyse von Auftreten, Einflussfaktoren und Folgen von Gewichts-/Figursorgen und Muskelsorgen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Mittels, großteils prospektiver, latenter Modelle und manifester Pfadanalysen konnten bisherige Befunde {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft und erste Befunde zu den Forschungsl{\"u}cken in Bezug auf Muskelsorgen bei weiblichen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen berichtet werden.}, language = {de} } @article{JekaucWagnerKahlertetal.2013, author = {Jekauc, Darko and Wagner, Matthias O. and Kahlert, Daniela and Woll, Alexander}, title = {Reliability and validity of MoMo-Physical-Activity-Questionnaire for Adolescents (MoMo-AFB)}, series = {Diagnostica}, volume = {59}, journal = {Diagnostica}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0012-1924}, doi = {10.1026/0012-1924/a000083}, pages = {100 -- 111}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This paper presents the psychometric properties of the MoMo-AFB (Bos, Worth, Opper, Oberger \& Woll, 2009), a questionnaire designed to measure the physical activity of children and adolescents. The MoMo-AFB consists of 28 items, covering the fields of everyday physical activity, sports within and outside of organised clubs, physical education as well as compliance with physical activity guidelines. A study was conducted with 109 boys and 87 girls aged between 9 and 17 years. The MoMo-AFB was given on two separate occasions to evaluate reliability and was compared with accelerometry data of ActiGraph GT1X to evaluate validity. The overall kappa/weighted kappa coefficient for the one-week testretest reliability was .66 (SD = .19) and the overall intraclass correlation (ICC) .68. Self-reported and accelerometer-measured average weekly time spent performing moderate to vigorous physical activity were significantly correlated (Spearman r = .29). Regarding reliability and validity, the MoMo-AFB is comparable with other international published physical activity questionnaires for adolescents.}, language = {de} } @article{KahlertBrand2011, author = {Kahlert, Daniela and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Comparing self-report and accelerometry data a contribution to the validation of the MoMo-Physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents}, series = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention}, volume = {62}, journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention}, number = {2}, publisher = {WWF-Verl.-Ges.}, address = {Greven}, issn = {0344-5925}, pages = {36 -- +}, year = {2011}, abstract = {According to the results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) published in 2009, only 5\% to 8\% of the 15-17-year-old adolescents reach the current recommendations on health-enhancing physical activity This result (besides others in the survey) rests on data measured with the 25-item physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents (MoMo-AFB). The present study compares two different methods of assessing physical activity with the purpose of testing the validity of the MoMo-AFB self-report. First, we measured the physical activity status of 73 15 to 18-year-old pupils (32 boys and 41 girls) over seven days via objective accelerometry (ActiGraph GT1M), then the pupils completed the MoMo-AFB for the same (previous) period. Results show that using the MoMo-AFB leads to higher levels of self-reported physical activity than measuring it with accelerometers. Furthermore, only the MoMo-AFB subscale MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), that uses two single items to decide whether the health-enhancing physical activity recommendation is reached or failed, corresponds statistically significantly with the accelerometry data. For all other subscales (e.g. school- or leisure time activity), we found no agreement. Further research, first of all on the measurement quality of the MoMo-AFB but also on the physical (in)activity status of children and adolescents, is needed.}, language = {de} }