@article{SchmidtSingleton2013,
  author    = {Schmidt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Singleton, Douglas},
  title     = {Exact radial solution in 2+1 gravity with a real scalar field},
  series = {Physics letters : B},
  volume    = {721},
  journal   = {Physics letters : B},
  number    = {4-5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0370-2693},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.physletb.2013.03.007},
  pages     = {294 -- 298},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In this Letter we give some general considerations about circularly symmetric, static space-times in 2 + 1 dimensions, focusing first on the surprising (at the time) existence of the BTZ black hole solution. We show that BTZ black holes and Schwarzschild black holes in 3 + 1 dimensions originate from different definitions of a black hole. There are two by-products of this general discussion: (i) we give a new and simple derivation of (2 + 1)-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time; (ii) we present an exact solution to (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity coupled to a self-interacting real scalar field. The spatial part of the metric of this solution is flat but the temporal part behaves asymptotically like AdS space-time. The scalar field has logarithmic behavior as one would expect for a massless scalar field in flat space-time. The solution can be compared to gravitating scalar field solutions in 3 + 1 dimensions but with certain oddities connected with the (2 + 1)-dimensional character of the space-time. The solution is unique to 2 + 1 dimensions; it does not carry over to 3 + 1 dimensions.},
  language  = {en}
}