@article{ThienenWeinsteinMeinel2023, author = {Thienen, Julia von and Weinstein, Theresa Julia and Meinel, Christoph}, title = {Creative metacognition in design thinking}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157001}, pages = {20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Design thinking is a well-established practical and educational approach to fostering high-level creativity and innovation, which has been refined since the 1950s with the participation of experts like Joy Paul Guilford and Abraham Maslow. Through real-world projects, trainees learn to optimize their creative outcomes by developing and practicing creative cognition and metacognition. This paper provides a holistic perspective on creativity, enabling the formulation of a comprehensive theoretical framework of creative metacognition. It focuses on the design thinking approach to creativity and explores the role of metacognition in four areas of creativity expertise: Products, Processes, People, and Places. The analysis includes task-outcome relationships (product metacognition), the monitoring of strategy effectiveness (process metacognition), an understanding of individual or group strengths and weaknesses (people metacognition), and an examination of the mutual impact between environments and creativity (place metacognition). It also reviews measures taken in design thinking education, including a distribution of cognition and metacognition, to support students in their development of creative mastery. On these grounds, we propose extended methods for measuring creative metacognition with the goal of enhancing comprehensive assessments of the phenomenon. Proposed methodological advancements include accuracy sub-scales, experimental tasks where examinees explore problem and solution spaces, combinations of naturalistic observations with capability testing, as well as physiological assessments as indirect measures of creative metacognition.}, language = {en} } @incollection{CorazzaThienen2023, author = {Corazza, Giovanni Emanuele and Thienen, Julia von}, title = {Invention}, series = {The Palgrave encyclopedia of the possible}, booktitle = {The Palgrave encyclopedia of the possible}, editor = {Glăveanu, Vlad Petre}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-90912-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-90913-0_14}, pages = {806 -- 814}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This entry addresses invention from five different perspectives: (i) definition of the term, (ii) mechanisms underlying invention processes, (iii) (pre-)history of human inventions, (iv) intellectual property protection vs open innovation, and (v) case studies of great inventors. Regarding the definition, an invention is the outcome of a creative process taking place within a technological milieu, which is recognized as successful in terms of its effectiveness as an original technology. In the process of invention, a technological possibility becomes realized. Inventions are distinct from either discovery or innovation. In human creative processes, seven mechanisms of invention can be observed, yielding characteristic outcomes: (1) basic inventions, (2) invention branches, (3) invention combinations, (4) invention toolkits, (5) invention exaptations, (6) invention values, and (7) game-changing inventions. The development of humanity has been strongly shaped by inventions ever since early stone tools and the conception of agriculture. An "explosion of creativity" has been associated with Homo sapiens, and inventions in all fields of human endeavor have followed suit, engendering an exponential growth of cumulative culture. This culture development emerges essentially through a reuse of previous inventions, their revision, amendment and rededication. In sociocultural terms, humans have increasingly regulated processes of invention and invention-reuse through concepts such as intellectual property, patents, open innovation and licensing methods. Finally, three case studies of great inventors are considered: Edison, Marconi, and Montessori, next to a discussion of human invention processes as collaborative endeavors.}, language = {en} } @article{CaliendoKritikosRodriguezetal.2023, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Kritikos, Alexander and Rodr{\´i}guez, Daniel and Stier, Claudia}, title = {Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups}, series = {Small business economics}, journal = {Small business economics}, publisher = {Springer Science}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0921-898X}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-022-00728-0}, pages = {25}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Self-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growth-oriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators.}, language = {en} } @article{CaliendoKritikosStier2023, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Kritikos, Alexander and Stier, Claudia}, title = {The influence of start-up motivation on entrepreneurial performance}, series = {Small business economics}, volume = {61}, journal = {Small business economics}, publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0921-898X}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-022-00722-6}, pages = {869 -- 889}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Predicting entrepreneurial development based on individual and business-related characteristics is a key objective of entrepreneurship research. In this context, we investigate whether the motives of becoming an entrepreneur influence the subsequent entrepreneurial development. In our analysis, we examine a broad range of business outcomes including survival and income, as well as job creation, and expansion and innovation activities for up to 40 months after business formation. Using the self-determination theory as conceptual background, we aggregate the start-up motives into a continuous motivational index. We show - based on a unique dataset of German start-ups from unemployment and non-unemployment - that the later business performance is better, the higher they score on this index. Effects are particularly strong for growth-oriented outcomes like innovation and expansion activities. In a next step, we examine three underlying motivational categories that we term opportunity, career ambition, and necessity. We show that individuals driven by opportunity motives perform better in terms of innovation and business expansion activities, while career ambition is positively associated with survival, income, and the probability of hiring employees. All effects are robust to the inclusion of a large battery of covariates that are proven to be important determinants of entrepreneurial performance.}, language = {en} } @article{AlerasoulTiberiusBouncken2022, author = {Alerasoul, Sayed Alireza and Tiberius, Victor and Bouncken, Ricarda B.}, title = {Entrepreneurship and innovation}, series = {Journal of small business strategy}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of small business strategy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Middle Tennessee State University}, address = {Murfreesboro, TN}, issn = {1081-8510}, doi = {10.53703/001c.29968}, pages = {24}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Both entrepreneurship and innovation play a key role for business growth and economic development and are conceptually highly intertwined. Both fields have received extensive attention that has resulted in a large number of publications. The aim of this work is to provide an overview on the coevolution of entrepreneurship and innovation over the last decades, with particular attention to recent research trends. To track the evolution at the intersection of both fields, we employ a bibliometric analysis, which allowed us to identify the key concepts, the backbone of research, and to provide a systematic classification of main research themes diagnosed including: 1) entrepreneurial innovation and digital transformation, 2) sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship, 3) product innovation and knowledge, 4) entrepreneurial orientation and leadership, and 5) regional entrepreneurship and innovation (innovative entrepreneurship and historical roots). The findings of this bibliometric review are reported in the form of a knowledge graph that represents the results obtained in terms of the knowledge base (key terms), knowledge domains, and knowledge evolution (themes and bursts), based on which themes for future research are suggested.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerSiegelProelleretal.2022, author = {Fischer, Caroline and Siegel, John and Proeller, Isabella and Drathschmidt, Nicolas}, title = {Resilience through digitalisation}, series = {Public management review}, volume = {25}, journal = {Public management review}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-9037}, doi = {10.1080/14719037.2022.2037014}, pages = {808 -- 835}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This article examines public service resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and studies the switch to telework due to social distancing measures. We argue that the pandemic and related policies led to increasing demands on public organisations and their employees. Following the job demands-resources model, we argue that resilience only can arise in the presence of resources for buffering these demands. Survey data were collected from 1,189 German public employees, 380 participants were included for analysis. The results suggest that the public service was resilient against the crisis and that the shift to telework was not as demanding as expected.}, language = {en} } @article{GiotopoulosKritikosTsakanikas2022, author = {Giotopoulos, Ioannis and Kritikos, Alexander and Tsakanikas, Aggelos}, title = {A lasting crisis affects R\&D decisions of smaller firms}, series = {The Journal of technology transfer}, journal = {The Journal of technology transfer}, number = {48}, publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0892-9912}, doi = {10.1007/s10961-022-09957-7}, pages = {1161 -- 1175}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We use the prolonged Greek crisis as a case study to understand how a lasting economic shock affects the innovation strategies of firms in economies with moderate innovation activities. Adopting the 3-stage CDM model, we explore the link between R\&D, innovation, and productivity for different size groups of Greek manufacturing firms during the prolonged crisis. At the first stage, we find that the continuation of the crisis is harmful for the R\&D engagement of smaller firms while it increased the willingness for R\&D activities among the larger ones. At the second stage, among smaller firms the knowledge production remains unaffected by R\&D investments, while among larger firms the R\&D decision is positively correlated with the probability of producing innovation, albeit the relationship is weakened as the crisis continues. At the third stage, innovation output benefits only larger firms in terms of labor productivity, while the innovation-productivity nexus is insignificant for smaller firms during the lasting crisis.}, language = {en} } @article{MazzaGuenther2021, author = {Mazza, Valeria and G{\"u}nther, Anja}, title = {City mice and country mice}, series = {Animal behaviour}, volume = {172}, journal = {Animal behaviour}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0003-3472}, doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.12.007}, pages = {197 -- 210}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The ability to produce innovative behaviour is a key determinant in the successful coping with environmental challenges and changes. The expansion of human-altered environments presents wildlife with multiple novel situations in which innovativeness could be beneficial. A better understanding of the drivers of within-species variation in innovation propensity and its consequences will provide insights into the traits enabling animals to thrive in the face of human-induced rapid environmental change. We compared problem-solving performance of 31 striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius, originating from rural or urban environments in a battery of eight foraging extraction tasks. We tested whether differences in problem-solving performance were mediated by the extent and duration of the animal's exploration of the experimental set-ups, the time required to solve the tasks, and their persistence. In addition, we tested the influence of the diversity of motor responses, as well as of behavioural traits boldness and activity on problem-solving performance. Urban individuals were better problem solvers despite rural individuals approaching faster and interacting longer with the test set-ups. Participation rates and time required to solve a task did not differ between rural and urban individuals. However, in case of failure to solve a task, rural mice were more persistent. The best predictors of solving success, aside from the area of origin, were the time spent exploring the set-ups and boldness, while activity and diversity of motor responses did not explain it. Problem-solving ability could thus be a contributing factor to the successful coping with the rapid and recent expansion of human-altered environments.}, language = {en} } @article{EichhornRuscheWeith2021, author = {Eichhorn, Sebastian and Rusche, Karsten and Weith, Thomas}, title = {Integrative governance processes towards sustainable spatial development}, series = {Journal of environmental planning and management}, volume = {64}, journal = {Journal of environmental planning and management}, number = {12}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0964-0568}, doi = {10.1080/09640568.2020.1866509}, pages = {2233 -- 2256}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Due to the high concentration of people and infrastructures in European cities, the possible impacts of climate change are particularly high (cities' social, economic and technical vulnerabilities). Adaptation measures to reduce the sensitivity of a city to climate risks are therefore of particular importance. Nevertheless, it is also common to develop compact and dense urban areas to reduce urban sprawl. Urban infill development and sustainable spatial climate policies are thus in apparent conflict with each other. This article examines how German cities deal with the tensions between these two policy fields. Using six case studies, a new heuristic analysis method is applied. This study identifies three key governance aspects that are essential for promoting the joint implementation: instruments, organisation and interaction. Based on our case studies, we conclude that successful implementation can only be achieved through integrative governance including all three domains.}, language = {en} } @article{CaliendoKuennWeissenberger2020, author = {Caliendo, Marco and K{\"u}nn, Steffen and Weissenberger, Martin}, title = {Catching up or lagging behind?}, series = {Research policy : policy, management and economic studies of science, technology and innovation}, volume = {49}, journal = {Research policy : policy, management and economic studies of science, technology and innovation}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0048-7333}, doi = {10.1016/j.respol.2020.104053}, pages = {14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {From an active labor market policy perspective, start-up subsidies for unemployed individuals are very effective in improving long-term labor market outcomes for participants. From a business perspective, however, the assessment of these public programs is less clear since they might attract individuals with low entrepreneurial abilities and produce businesses with low survival rates and little contribution to job creation, economic growth, and innovation. In this paper, we use a rich data set to compare participants of a German start-up subsidy program for unemployed individuals to a group of regular founders who started from non-unemployment and did not receive the subsidy. The data allows us to analyze their business performance up until 40 months after business formation. We find that formerly subsidized founders lag behind not only in survival and job creation, but especially also in innovation activities. The gaps in these business outcomes are relatively constant or even widening over time. Hence, we do not see any indication of catching up in the longer run. While the gap in survival can be entirely explained by initial differences in observable start-up characteristics, the gap in business development remains and seems to be the result of restricted access to capital as well as differential business strategies and dynamics. Considering these conflicting results for the assessment of the subsidy program from an ALMP and business perspective, policy makers need to carefully weigh the costs and benefits of such a strategy to find the right policy mix.}, language = {en} }