@article{BiegertBradyHipp2022,
  author    = {Biegert, Thomas and Brady, David and Hipp, Lena},
  title     = {Cross-national variation in the relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment},
  series = {The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science},
  volume    = {702},
  journal   = {The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {SAGE Publishing},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {0002-7162},
  doi       = {10.1177/00027162221120760},
  pages     = {37 -- 54},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Reform of the U.S. welfare system in 1996 spurred claims that cuts to welfare programs effectively incentivized single mothers to find employment. It is difficult to assess the veracity of those claims, however, absent evidence of how the relationship between welfare benefits and single mother employment generalizes across countries. This study combines data from the European Union Labour Force Survey and the U.S. Current Population Survey (1992-2015) into one of the largest samples of single mothers ever, testing the relationships between welfare generosity and single mothers' employment and work hours. We find no consistent evidence of a negative relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment outcomes. Rather, we find tremendous cross-national heterogeneity, which does not clearly correspond to well-known institutional variations. Our findings demonstrate the limitations of single country studies and the pervasive, salient interactions between institutional contexts and social policies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HippSchlueterMolina2022,
  author    = {Hipp, Lena and Schl{\"u}ter, Charlotte and Molina, Stefania},
  title     = {The role of employers in reducing the implementation gap in leave policies},
  series = {Research handbook on leave policy},
  booktitle = {Research handbook on leave policy},
  editor    = {Dobrotić, Ivana and Blum, Sonja and Koslowski, Alison},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  address   = {Cheltenham, UK},
  isbn      = {978-1-80037-221-4},
  doi       = {10.4337/9781800372214.00036},
  pages     = {338 -- 352},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Although mothers and fathers in almost all rich democracies are entitled to some form of paid parenting leave, fathers in particular do not take all the leave available to them. As employers play an important role in the implementation of parenting leave policies, this chapter investigates which workplace characteristics influence mothers' and fathers' uptake of their statutory leave entitlements. In Part 1, we estimate the size of the gap between statutory leave entitlement and leave uptake across genders and countries by combining data from the OECD and the European Labor Force Survey. In Parts 2 and 3, we review the literature on structural, cultural, and normative explanations for the gap in parenting leave uptake. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for further research, including the need for reliable data on the size of the implementation gap and research on non-European countries.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MalikBertramKriegleretal.2021,
  author    = {Malik, Aman and Bertram, Christoph and Kriegler, Elmar and Luderer, Gunnar},
  title     = {Climate policy accelerates structural changes in energy employment},
  series = {Energy policy},
  volume    = {159},
  journal   = {Energy policy},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0301-4215},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112642},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The employment implications of decarbonizing the energy sector have received far less attention than the technology dimension of the transition, although being of critical importance to policymakers. In this work, we adapt a methodology based on employment factors to project future changes in quantity and composition of direct energy supply jobs for two scenarios - (1) relatively weak emissions reductions as pledged in the nationally determined contributions (NDC) and (2) stringent reductions compatible with the 1.5 °C target. We find that in the near-term the 1.5°C-compatible scenario results in a net increase in jobs through gains in solar and wind jobs in construction, installation, and manufacturing, despite significant losses in coal fuel supply; eventually leading to a peak in total direct energy jobs in 2025. In the long run, improvements in labour productivity lead to a decrease of total direct energy employment compared to today, however, total jobs are still higher in a 1.5 °C than in an NDC scenario. Operation and maintenance jobs dominate future jobs, replacing fuel supply jobs. The results point to the need for active policies aimed at retraining, both inside and outside the renewable energy sector, to complement climate policies within the concept of a "just transition".},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HippBuenning2020,
  author    = {Hipp, Lena and B{\"u}nning, Mareike},
  title     = {Parenthood as a driver of increased genderinequality during COVID-19?},
  series = {European societies},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {European societies},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1461-6696},
  doi       = {10.1080/14616696.2020.1833229},
  pages     = {S658 -- S673},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Drawing on three waves of survey data from a non-probability sample from Germany, this paper examines two opposing expectations about the pandemic's impacts on gender equality: The optimistic view suggests that gender equality has increased, as essential workers in Germany have been predominantly female and as fathers have had more time for childcare. The pessimistic view posits that lockdowns have also negatively affected women's jobs and that mothers had to shoulder the additional care responsibilities. Overall, our exploratory analyses provide more evidence supporting the latter view. Parents were more likely than non-parents to work fewer hours during the pandemic than before, and mothers were more likely than fathers to work fewer hours once lockdowns were lifted. Moreover, even though parents tended to divide childcare more evenly, at least temporarily, mothers still shouldered more childcare work than fathers. The division of housework remained largely unchanged. It is therefore unsurprising that women, in particular mothers, reported lower satisfaction during the observation period. Essential workers experienced fewer changes in their working lives than respondents in other occupations.},
  language  = {en}
}