@article{VollbrechtBrus2020,
  author    = {Vollbrecht, Joachim and Brus, Viktor V.},
  title     = {On the recombination order of surface recombination under open circuit conditions},
  series = {Organic electronics : physics, materials and applications},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Organic electronics : physics, materials and applications},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {1566-1199},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.orgel.2020.105905},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Understanding the recombination dynamics of organic and perovskite solar cells has been a crucial prerequisite in the steadily increasing performance of these promising new types of photovoltaics. Surface recombination in particular has turned out to be one of the last remaining roadblocks, which specifically reduces the open circuit voltage. In this study, the relationship between the rate of surface recombination and the density of charge carriers is analyzed, revealing a cubic dependence between these two parameters. This hypothesis is then tested and verified with the recombination dynamics of an organic solar cell known to exhibit significant surface recombination and a high energy proton irradiated CH3NH3PbI3 pemvskite solar cell during white light illumination. Incidentally, these results can also explain recombination orders exceeding the commonly known threshold for bimolecular recombination that have been observed in some studies without the need for a charge carrier dependent bimolecular recombination coefficient.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VollbrechtBrus2021,
  author    = {Vollbrecht, Joachim and Brus, Viktor V.},
  title     = {Effects of recombination order on open-circuit voltage decay measurements of organic and perovskite solar cells},
  series = {Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
  number    = {16},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1996-1073},
  doi       = {10.3390/en14164800},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Non-geminate recombination, as one of the most relevant loss mechanisms in organic and perovskite solar cells, deserves special attention in research efforts to further increase device performance. It can be subdivided into first, second, and third order processes, which can be elucidated by the effects that they have on the time-dependent open-circuit voltage decay. In this study, analytical expressions for the open-circuit voltage decay exhibiting one of the aforementioned recombination mechanisms were derived. It was possible to support the analytical models with experimental examples of three different solar cells, each of them dominated either by first (PBDBT:CETIC-4F), second (PM6:Y6), or third (irradiated CH3NH3PbI3) order recombination. Furthermore, a simple approach to estimate the dominant recombination process was also introduced and tested on these examples. Moreover, limitations of the analytical models and the measurement technique itself were discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}