@article{DuenkelbergMaywaldSchmittetal.2020,
  author    = {D{\"u}nkelberg, Sophie and Maywald, Martina and Schmitt, Anne Kristina and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Meyer, S{\"o}ren and Rink, Lothar},
  title     = {The interaction of sodium and zinc in the priming of T cell subpopulations regarding Th17 and Treg cells},
  series = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology},
  volume    = {64},
  journal   = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1613-4133},
  doi       = {10.1002/mnfr.201900245},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Scope: Nutrition is a critical determinant of a functional immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which immune cells are influenced by zinc and sodium. Methods and Results: Mixed lymphocyte cultures and Jurkat cells are generated and incubated with zinc, sodium, or a combination of both for further tests. Zinc induces the number of regulatory T cells (Treg) and decreases T helper 17 cells (Th17), and sodium has the opposite effect. The transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway is also enhanced by zinc and reduced by sodium as indicated by contrary phosphoSmad 2/3 induction. Antagonistic effects can also be seen on zinc transporter and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) mRNA expression: zinc declines Zip10 mRNA expression while sodium induces it, whereas MT-1 mRNA expression is induced by zinc while it is reduced by sodium. Conclusion: This data indicate that zinc and sodium display opposite effects regarding Treg and Th17 induction in MLC, respectively, resulting in a contrary effect on the immune system. Additionally, it reveals a direct interaction of zinc and sodium in the priming of T cell subpopulations and shows that Zip10 and MT-1 play a significant role in those differentiation pathways.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LandwehrKenzelZobelHoffmannetal.2018,
  author    = {Landwehr-Kenzel, Sybille and Zobel, Anne and Hoffmann, Henrike and Landwehr, Niels and Schmueck-Henneresse, Michael and Schachtner, Thomas and Roemhild, Andy and Reinke, Petra},
  title     = {Ex vivo expanded natural regulatory T cells from patients with end-stage renal disease or kidney transplantation are useful for autologous cell therapy},
  series = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  volume    = {93},
  journal   = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0085-2538},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.021},
  pages     = {1452 -- 1464},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Novel concepts employing autologous, ex vivo expanded natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) for adoptive transfer has potential to prevent organ rejection after kidney transplantation. However, the impact of dialysis and maintenance immunosuppression on the nTreg phenotype and peripheral survival is not well understood, but essential when assessing patient eligibility. The current study investigates regulatory T-cells in dialysis and kidney transplanted patients and the feasibility of generating a clinically useful nTreg product from these patients. Heparinized blood from 200 individuals including healthy controls, dialysis patients with end stage renal disease and patients 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 years after kidney transplantation were analyzed. Differentiation and maturation of nTregs were studied by flow cytometry in order to compare dialysis patients and kidney transplanted patients under maintenance immunosuppression to healthy controls. CD127 expressing CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3(+) nTregs were detectable at increased frequencies in dialysis patients with no negative impact on the nTreg end product quality and therapeutic usefulness of the ex vivo expanded nTregs. Further, despite that immunosuppression mildly altered nTreg maturation, neither dialysis nor pharmacological immunosuppression or previous acute rejection episodes impeded nTreg survival in vivo. Accordingly, the generation of autologous, highly pure nTreg products is feasible and qualifies patients awaiting or having received allogenic kidney transplantation for adoptive nTreg therapy. Thus, our novel treatment approach may enable us to reduce the incidence of organ rejection and reduce the need of long-term immunosuppression.},
  language  = {en}
}