@article{KocThieken2017,
  author    = {Koc, Gamze and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {The relevance of flood hazards and impacts in Turkey},
  series = {Natural hazards : journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards},
  volume    = {91},
  journal   = {Natural hazards : journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0921-030X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11069-017-3134-6},
  pages     = {375 -- 408},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Turkey has been severely affected by many natural hazards, in particular earthquakes and floods. Especially over the last two decades, these natural hazards have caused enormous human and economic damage. Although there is a large body of literature on earthquake hazards and risks in Turkey, comparatively little is known about flood hazards and risks. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the severity of flooding in comparison with other natural hazards in Turkey and to analyse the flood patterns by providing an overview of the temporal and spatial distribution of flood losses. These will act as a metric for the societal and economic impacts of flood hazards in Turkey. For this purpose, Turkey Disaster Database (TABB) was used for the years 1960-2014. As input for more detailed event analyses, the most severe flood events in Turkey for the same time interval will also be retrieved. Sufficiency of the TABB database to achieve the main aim of the study in terms of data quality and accuracy was also discussed. The TABB database was analysed and reviewed through comparison, mainly with the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), the Global Active Archive of Large Flood Events-Dartmouth Flood Observatory database, news archives and the scientific literature, with a focus on listing the most severe flood event. The comparative review of these data sources reveals big mismatches in the flood data, i.e. the reported number of events, number of affected people and economic loss all differ dramatically. Owing to the fact that the TABB is the only disaster loss database for Turkey, it is important to explore the reasons for the mismatches between TABB and the other sources with regard to aspects of accuracy and data quality. Therefore, biases and fallacies in the TABB loss data are also discussed. The comparative TABB database analyses show that large mismatches between global and national databases can occur. Current global and national databases for monitoring losses from national hazards suffer from a number of limitations, which in turn could lead to misinterpretations of the loss data. Since loss data collection is gaining more and more attention, e.g. in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, this study offers a framework for developing guidelines for the Turkey Disaster Database (TABB), implications on how to standardize national loss databases and implement across the other hazard events in Turkey.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CandanKoralayAkaletal.2011,
  author    = {Candan, Osman and Koralay, O. E. and Akal, Cemal B. and Kaya, O. and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Dora, O. O. and Konak, N. and Chen, F.},
  title     = {Supra-Pan-African unconformity between core and cover series of the Menderes Massif/Turkey and its geological implications},
  series = {Precambrian research},
  volume    = {184},
  journal   = {Precambrian research},
  number    = {1-4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0301-9268},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.precamres.2010.09.010},
  pages     = {1 -- 23},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Well-preserved primary contact relationships between a Late Proterozoic metasedimentary and the metagranitic core and Palaeozoic cover series of the Menderes Massif have been recognized in the eastern part of the Cine submassif on a regional-scale. Metaconglomerates occur as laterally discontinuous channel-fill bodies close the base of the metaquartzarenite directly above the basement. The pebbles in the metaconglomerates consist mainly of different types of tourmaline-rich leucocratic granitoids, tourmalinite and schist in a sandy matrix. Petrographic features, geochemical compositions and zircon radiometric ages (549.6 +/- 3.7-552.3 +/- 3.1 Ma) of the diagnostic clasts of the metaconglomerates (e.g. leucocratic granitoids and tourmalinites) show excellent agreement with their in situ equivalents (549.0 +/- 5.4 Ma) occurring in the Pan-African basement as stocks and veins. The correlation between clasts in the metaconglomerates and granitoids of the basement suggests that the primary contact between the basement and cover series is a regional unconformity (supra-Pan-African Unconformity) representing deep erosion of the Pan-African basement followed by the deposition of the cover series. Hence the usage of 'core-cover' terminology in the Menderes Massif is valid. Consequently, these new data preclude the views that the granitic precursors of the leucocratic orthogneisses are Tertiary intrusions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CandanKoralayTopuzetal.2016,
  author    = {Candan, O. and Koralay, O. E. and Topuz, G. and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Fritz, H. and Collins, A. S. and Chen, F.},
  title     = {Late Neoproterozoic gabbro emplacement followed by early Cambrian eclogite-facies metamorphism in the Menderes Massif (W. Turkey): Implications on the final assembly of Gondwana},
  series = {Gondwana research : international geoscience journal ; official journal of the International Association for Gondwana Research},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Gondwana research : international geoscience journal ; official journal of the International Association for Gondwana Research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1342-937X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gr.2015.02.015},
  pages     = {158 -- 173},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Numerous (meta-)gabbroic dikes or stocks occur within the latest Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian series of the Menderes Massif (Anatolide-Tauride Block, western Turkey). These well-preserved rocks were locally converted into eclogitic metagabbros and garnet amphibolites along the contacts or shear zones. Both bulk-rock composition and compositions of igneous clinopyroxenes suggest continental tholeiitic affinity. U-Pb dating of igneous zircons from gabbroic rocks yielded a mean age of 563 +/- 1 Ma (2 sigma), indicating emplacement during the latest Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran). On the other hand, rims of zircons from eclogitic metagabbro gave 535 +/- 3 Ma (2 sigma) (early Cambrian), in addition to 558 +/- 3 Ma (2 sigma) obtained from the igneous core of zircons. These ages are interpreted as the time of high-P metamorphism and crystallization age of gabbroic protolith, respectively. Given the estimated paleogeographic position of the Anatolide-Tauride Block during the late Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian, this orogenic event can be spatially and temporally related to the northward continuity of 600-500 Ma orogenic event (Malagasy/Kuunga orogeny) extending from western margin of India, Madagascar, via Arabia up to northern margin of Gondwana beneath thick Phanerozoic cover series in Arabian Peninsula. Therefore, the high-P evolution of the basement of the Menderes Massif and associated basic intrusions can be interpreted to mark the latest stages of consumption of the basin/oceanic branches and final amalgamation of the Gondwana during the late Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian around the Arabian region. (C) 2015 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AkalCandanKoralayetal.2012,
  author    = {Akal, C{\"u}neyt and Candan, Osman and Koralay, O. Ersin and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Chen, Fukun and Prelevic, Dejan},
  title     = {Early Triassic potassic volcanism in the Afyon Zone of the Anatolides/Turkey - implications for the rifting of the Neo-Tethys},
  series = {International journal of earth sciences},
  volume    = {101},
  journal   = {International journal of earth sciences},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1437-3254},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00531-011-0654-2},
  pages     = {177 -- 194},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Afyon Zone, which was derived from the Anatolide-Tauride platform during closure of the Neo-Tethys, is made up of pre-Mesozoic basement and unconformably overlying Triassic-Early Tertiary cover series. The Afyon Zone contains widespread metavolcanic rocks, which are dominated by rhyolite, dacite, and trachyandesite. They form a distinct volcanic succession, which is separated from the underlying Silurian-Lower Carboniferous metacarbonates and meta-siliciclastics by a regional unconformity. Trachyandesitic metavolcanics are made up of massive lava flows, pyroclastics and epiclastics, less frequently, domes and dikes, which were developed on a deeply eroded subaerial landmass. U/Pb and Pb/Pb zircon geochronology yielded Lower Triassic (similar to 250 Ma) ages, which are interpreted as extrusion age of trachyandesitic volcanics. Based on the stratigraphic, geochronological, and geochemical data, we suggest that these Lower Triassic magmatic rocks represent an extensional tectonic setting on the northern active margin of the Gondwana, which led to the development of the northern branch of the Neo-Tethys.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LepetitViereckPiperetal.2014,
  author    = {Lepetit, Petra and Viereck, Lothar and Piper, John D. A. and Sudo, Masafumi and Gurel, Ali and Copuroglu, Ibrahim and Gruber, Manuela and Mayer, Bernhard and Koch, Michael and Tatar, Orhan and Gursoy, Halil},
  title     = {Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of ignimbrites and plinian air-fall layers from Cappadocia, Central Turkey: Implications to chronostratigraphic and Eastern Mediterranean palaeoenvironmental record},
  series = {Chemie der Erde : interdisciplinary journal for chemical problems of the geo-sciences and geo-ecology},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Chemie der Erde : interdisciplinary journal for chemical problems of the geo-sciences and geo-ecology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Jena},
  issn      = {0009-2819},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.chemer.2014.05.001},
  pages     = {471 -- 488},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Magmatism forming the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province of Cappadocia, central Turkey, records the last phase of Neotethyan subduction after similar to 11 Ma. Thirteen large calc-alkaline ignimbrite sheets form marker bands within the volcano-sedimentary succession (the Urgup Formation) and provide a robust chronostratigraphy for paleoecologic evaluation of the interleaved paleosols. This paper evaluates the chronologic record in the context of the radiometric, magnetostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic controls. Previous inconsistencies relating primarily to K/Ar evidence were reason for the initiation of an integrated study which includes Ar-40/Ar-39 dating, palaeomagnetic and stratigraphic evidence. The newly determined Ar-40/Ar-39-ages (Lepetit, 2010) are in agreement with Ar/Ar and U/Pb data meanwhile published by Pauquette and Le Pennec (2012) and Aydar et al. (2012). The Ar-40/Ar-39-ages restrict the end of the Urgup Formation to the late Miocene. The paleosol sequence enclosed by the ignimbrites is thus restricted to the late Miocene, the most intense formation of pedogene calcretes correlating with the Messinian Salinity Crisis.},
  language  = {en}
}