@article{SchaanSchulzNuraydinetal.2019,
  author    = {Schaan, Luca and Schulz, Andre and Nuraydin, Sevim and Bergert, Cora and Hilger, Annett and Rach, Hannah and Hechler, Tanja},
  title     = {Interoceptive accuracy, emotion recognition, and emotion regulation in preschool children},
  series = {International journal of psychophysiology},
  volume    = {138},
  journal   = {International journal of psychophysiology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0167-8760},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.001},
  pages     = {47 -- 56},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Little is known about the conscious experience of internal bodily sensations in preschool-aged children. Given that preschoolers are in the most rapid phase of brain development, and display profound emotional development, it was the aim of the present study to establish an adapted interoceptive accuracy paradigm and to investigate associations between sociodemographic (age, sex) and emotional variables with interoceptive accuracy. Forty-nine children (aged 4-6 years) completed the jumping jack paradigm (JJP), a heartbeat tracking paradigm, which includes a noninvasive physical perturbation via performing jumping jacks for 10 s. An interoceptive accuracy score was based on the comparison between self-reported and objectively recorded heart rate prior to and after completion of jumping jacks. Children also completed validated measures for emotion recognition and emotion regulation. Children's objectively recorded heart rate significantly increased after the JJP by 20 bpm on average. There was a positive relationship between reactivity on self-reported heart rate and objectively recorded heart rate increase. The derived scores for interoceptive accuracy increased with age, suggesting older children to report more self-reported heart rate change than objectively recorded, but were unrelated to children's sex or BMI. While emotion recognition and regulation significantly increased with age, the interoceptive accuracy score was unrelated to emotion recognition, but marginally associated to emotion regulation. Children with higher interoceptive accuracy score (i.e., self-reporting more heart rate change than objectively recorded) received lower emotion regulation score. The present study is the first to depict a novel behavioral paradigm to assess interoceptive accuracy in preschool-aged children.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JuangMoffittKimetal.2016,
  author    = {Juang, Linda P. and Moffitt, Ursula Elinor and Kim, Su Yeong and Lee, Richard M. and Soto, Jose Angel and Hurley, Eric and Weisskirch, Robert S. and Blozis, Shelley A. and Castillo, Linda G. and Huynh, Que-Lam and Whitborne, Susan Krauss},
  title     = {Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: Links to racial-ethnic discrimination and adjustment among Latino/a and Asian-heritage college students},
  series = {Journal of adolescence},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Journal of adolescence},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0140-1971},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.012},
  pages     = {21 -- 33},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Objective: We examined whether two key emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, moderated the relations between discrimination (i.e., foreigner objectification and general denigration) and adjustment. Methods: Participants were U.S. Latino/a and Asian-heritage college students (N = 1,279, 67\% female, 72\% U.S. born) from the Multi-Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC). Students completed online self-report surveys in 2009. Results: Multi-group path analysis demonstrated that a fully constrained model fit well for both Latino/a and Asian-heritage student data. The results showed that with increasing levels of denigration (but not foreigner objectification), the combination of lower cognitive reappraisal and higher expressive suppression was related to greater depressive symptoms, anxiety, and aggression. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of examining multiple emotion regulation strategies simultaneously considering what strategies are available to individuals and in what combination they are used to understand how best to deal with negative emotions resulting from experiencing discrimination. (C) 2016 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PollatosGramann2012,
  author    = {Pollatos, Olga and Gramann, Klaus},
  title     = {Attenuated modulation of brain activity accompanies emotion regulation deficits in alexithymia},
  series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0048-5772},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01348.x},
  pages     = {651 -- 658},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The personality trait alexithymia has been associated with deficits in emotion regulation; nevertheless, experimental investigations on this research question are sparse. We investigated reappraisal as one emotion regulation strategy in 44 healthy participants with high (HDA) versus low (LDA) degrees of alexithymia. High density EEG and spatiotemporal current density reconstruction were used to characterize the time course of emotion regulation and to identify brain regions involved. Main results were that reappraisal was accompanied by reduced arousal and significant amplitude reduction of P3 and slow wave in the LDA group only. In contrast to the LDA group, reappraisal was not associated with an increase of activation in fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the HDA group. We demonstrate profound deficits in emotion regulation, which might contribute to everyday problems of social functioning in alexithymia.},
  language  = {en}
}