@article{Reichard2006,
  author    = {Reichard, Christoph},
  title     = {Strengthening competitiveness of local public service providers in Germany},
  series = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration},
  volume    = {72},
  journal   = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Sage},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0020-8523},
  doi       = {10.1177/0020852306070079},
  pages     = {473 -- 492},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This article discusses the challenges for providers of local public services to adapt to increasing marketization and competition in the public sector. Based on some empirical evidence from local government in Germany, the article describes different adaptive measures in the past and shows the legal restrictions to strengthening performance and particularly competitiveness. Furthermore, the article presents some findings from good practice cases of local service providers in Germany who have successfully exposed themselves to market mechanisms. Finally, the article discusses observed results of increased competitiveness in the local government sector, with special regard to quality, efficiency and public employment. The article concludes with describing necessary elements of a competitive regime for public services and with some general reflections about the role of competition in the public sector.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JantzKlenkLarsenetal.2018,
  author    = {Jantz, Bastian and Klenk, Tanja and Larsen, Flemming and Wiggan, Jay},
  title     = {Marketization and Varieties of Accountability Relationships in Employment Services},
  series = {Administration \& society},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Administration \& society},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {0095-3997},
  doi       = {10.1177/0095399715581622},
  pages     = {321 -- 345},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In the past decade, European countries have contracted out public employment service functions to activate working-age benefit clients. There has been limited discussion of how contracting out shapes the accountability of employment services or is shaped by alternative democratic, administrative, or network forms of accountability. This article examines employment service accountability in Germany, Denmark, and Great Britain. We find that market accountability instruments are additional instruments, not replacements. The findings highlight the importance of administrative and political instruments in legitimizing marketized service provision and shed light on the processes that lead to the development of a hybrid accountability model.},
  language  = {en}
}