@article{SeidelJacobsKohlTamayoetal.2022, author = {Seidel-Jacobs, Esther and Kohl, Fiona and Tamayo, Miguel and Rosenbauer, Joachim and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Kuss, Oliver and Rathmann, Wolfgang}, title = {Impact of applying a diabetes risk score in primary care on change in physical activity}, series = {Acta diabetologica}, volume = {59}, journal = {Acta diabetologica}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Mailand}, issn = {0940-5429}, doi = {10.1007/s00592-022-01895-y}, pages = {1031 -- 1040}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Aim There is little evidence of the impact of diabetes risk scores on individual diabetes risk factors, motivation for behaviour changes and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying a noninvasive diabetes risk score in primary care as component of routine health checks on physical activity and secondary outcomes. Methods Cluster randomised trial, in which primary care physicians (PCPs), randomised (1:1) by minimisation, enrolled participants with statutory health insurance without known diabetes, >= 35 years of age with a body mass index >= 27.0 kg/m(2). The German Diabetes Risk Score was applied as add-on to the standard routine health check, conducted in the controls. Primary outcome was the difference in participants' physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, perceived health, anxiety, depression, and motivation for lifestyle change. Analysis was by intention-to-treat principle using mixed models. Results 36 PCPs were randomised; remaining 30 PCPs (intervention: n = 16; control: n = 14) recruited 315 participants (intervention: n = 153; controls: n = 162). A slight increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group with an adjusted mean change of 388 (95\% confidence interval: - 235; 1011) metabolic equivalents minutes per week. There were no relevant changes in secondary outcomes. Conclusions The application of a noninvasive diabetes risk score alone is not effective in promoting physical activity in primary care. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03234322, registration date: July 31, 2017).}, language = {en} } @article{GerlachPreitschopfKaraevetal.2022, author = {Gerlach, Marius and Preitschopf, Tobias and Karaev, Emil and Quitian-Lara, Heidy Mayerly and Mayer, Dennis and Bozek, John and Fischer, Ingo and Fink, Reinhold F.}, title = {Auger electron spectroscopy of fulminic acid, HCNO}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {24}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, number = {25}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/d2cp02104h}, pages = {15217 -- 15229}, year = {2022}, abstract = {HCNO is a molecule of considerable astrochemical interest as a precursor to prebiotic molecules. It is synthesized by preparative pyrolysis and is unstable at room temperature. Here, we investigate its spectroscopy in the soft X-ray regime at the C 1s, N 1s and O 1s edges. All 1s ionization energies are reported and X-ray absorption spectra reveal the transitions from the 1s to the pi* state. Resonant and normal Auger electron spectra for the decay of the core hole states are recorded in a hemispherical analyzer. An assignment of the experimental spectra is provided with the aid of theoretical counterparts. The latter are using a valence configuration interaction representation of the intermediate and final state energies and wavefunctions, the one-center approximation for transition rates and band shapes according to the moment theory. The computed spectra are in very good agreement with the experimental data and most of the relevant bands are assigned. Additionally, we present a simple approach to estimate relative Auger transition rates on the basis of a minimal basis representation of the molecular orbitals. We demonstrate that this provides a qualitatively good and reliable estimate for several signals in the normal and resonant Auger electron spectra which have significantly different intensities in the decay of the three core holes.}, language = {en} } @article{FritschKurpiersRolandetal.2022, author = {Fritsch, Tobias and Kurpiers, Jona and Roland, Steffen and Tokmoldin, Nurlan and Shoaee, Safa and Ferron, Thomas and Collins, Brian A. and Janietz, Silvia and Vandewal, Koen and Neher, Dieter}, title = {On the interplay between CT and singlet exciton emission in organic solar cells with small driving force and its impact on voltage loss}, series = {Advanced energy materials}, volume = {12}, journal = {Advanced energy materials}, number = {31}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1614-6832}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.202200641}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The interplay between free charge carriers, charge transfer (CT) states and singlet excitons (S-1) determines the recombination pathway and the resulting open circuit voltage (V-OC) of organic solar cells. By combining a well-aggregated low bandgap polymer with different blend ratios of the fullerenes PCBM and ICBA, the energy of the CT state (E-CT) is varied by 130 meV while leaving the S-1 energy of the polymer (ES1\[{E_{{{\rm{S}}_1}}}\]) unaffected. It is found that the polymer exciton dominates the radiative properties of the blend when ECT\[{E_{{\rm{CT}}}}\] approaches ES1\[{E_{{{\rm{S}}_1}}}\], while the V-OC remains limited by the non-radiative decay of the CT state. It is concluded that an increasing strength of the exciton in the optical spectra of organic solar cells will generally decrease the non-radiative voltage loss because it lowers the radiative V-OC limit (V-OC,V-rad), but not because it is more emissive. The analysis further suggests that electronic coupling between the CT state and the S-1 will not improve the V-OC, but rather reduce the V-OC,V-rad. It is anticipated that only at very low CT state absorption combined with a fairly high CT radiative efficiency the solar cell benefit from the radiative properties of the singlet excitons.}, language = {en} } @article{PlatzWeckmannPeketal.2022, author = {Platz, Anna and Weckmann, Ute and Pek, Josef and Kovacikova, Svetlana and Klanica, Radek and Mair, Johannes and Aleid, Basel}, title = {3D imaging of the subsurface electrical resistivity structure in West Bohemia/Upper Palatinate covering mofettes and quaternary volcanic structures by using magnetotellurics}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {833}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229353}, pages = {20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The region of West Bohemia and Upper Palatinate belongs to the West Bohemian Massif. The study area is situated at the junction of three different Variscan tectonic units and hosts the ENE-WSW trending Ohre Rift as well as many different fault systems. The entire region is characterized by ongoing magmatic processes in the intra-continental lithospheric mantle expressed by a series of phenomena, including e.g. the occurrence of repeated earthquake swarms and massive degassing of mantle derived CO2 in form of mineral springs and mofettes. Ongoing active tectonics is mainly manifested by Cenozoic volcanism represented by different Quaternary volcanic structures. All these phenomena make the Ohre Rift a unique target area for European intra-continental geo-scientific research. With magnetotelluric (MT) measurements we image the subsurface distribution of the electrical resistivity and map possible fluid pathways. Two-dimensional (2D) inversion results by Munoz et al. (2018) reveal a conductive channel in the vicinity of the earthquake swarm region that extends from the lower crust to the surface forming a pathway for fluids into the region of the mofettes. A second conductive channel is present in the south of their model; however, their 2D inversions allow ambiguous interpretations of this feature. Therefore, we conducted a large 3D MT field experiment extending the study area towards the south. The 3D inversion result matches well with the known geology imaging different fluid/magma reservoirs at crust-mantle depth and mapping possible fluid pathways from the reservoirs to the surface feeding known mofettes and spas. A comparison of 3D and 2D inversion results suggests that the 2D inversion results are considerably characterized by 3D and off-profile structures. In this context, the new results advocate for the swarm earthquakes being located in the resistive host rock surrounding the conductive channels; a finding in line with observations e.g. at the San Andreas Fault, California.}, language = {en} } @misc{TangNakamotoSternetal.2022, author = {Tang, Mitchell and Nakamoto, Carter H. and Stern, Ariel Dora and Mehrotra, Ateev}, title = {Trends in remote patient monitoring use in traditional medicare}, series = {JAMA internal medicine}, volume = {182}, journal = {JAMA internal medicine}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Medical Association}, address = {Chicago, Ill.}, issn = {2168-6106}, doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.3043}, pages = {1005 -- 1006}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{NguyenKumarMusolffetal.2022, author = {Nguyen, Tam and Kumar, Rohini and Musolff, Andreas and Lutz, Stefanie R. and Sarrazin, Fanny and Attinger, Sabine and Fleckenstein, Jan H.}, title = {Disparate Seasonal Nitrate Export From Nested Heterogeneous Subcatchments Revealed With StorAge Selection Functions}, series = {Water resources research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Water resources research}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0043-1397}, doi = {10.1029/2021WR030797}, pages = {20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Understanding catchment controls on catchment solute export is a prerequisite for water quality management. StorAge Selection (SAS) functions encapsulate essential information about catchment functioning in terms of discharge selection preference and solute export dynamics. However, they lack information on the spatial origin of solutes when applied at the catchment scale, thereby limiting our understanding of the internal (subcatchment) functioning. Here, we parameterized SAS functions in a spatially explicit way to understand the internal catchment responses and transport dynamics of reactive dissolved nitrate (N-NO3). The model was applied in a nested mesoscale catchment (457 km(2)), consisting of a mountainous partly forested, partly agricultural subcatchment, a middle-reach forested subcatchment, and a lowland agricultural subcatchment. The model captured flow and nitrate concentration dynamics not only at the catchment outlet but also at internal gauging stations. Results reveal disparate subsurface mixing dynamics and nitrate export among headwater and lowland subcatchments. The headwater subcatchment has high seasonal variation in subsurface mixing schemes and younger water in discharge, while the lowland subcatchment has less pronounced seasonality in subsurface mixing and much older water in discharge. Consequently, nitrate concentration in discharge from the headwater subcatchment shows strong seasonality, whereas that from the lowland subcatchment is stable in time. The temporally varying responses of headwater and lowland subcatchments alternate the dominant contribution to nitrate export in high and low-flow periods between subcatchments. Overall, our results demonstrate that the spatially explicit SAS modeling provides useful information about internal catchment functioning, helping to develop or evaluate spatial management practices.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BrosiusGersdorf2023, author = {Brosius-Gersdorf, Frauke}, title = {\S 12 Demografische Entwicklung - Alterung der Gesellschaft}, series = {Handbuch des Staatsrechts}, volume = {1}, booktitle = {Handbuch des Staatsrechts}, editor = {Kischel, Uwe and Kube, Hanno}, publisher = {C.F. M{\"u}ller}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-8114-6014-0}, pages = {523 -- 576}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @misc{GoslingScerriKabothBahr2022, author = {Gosling, William D. and Scerri, Eleanor and Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie}, title = {The climate and vegetation backdrop to hominin evolution in Africa}, series = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {377}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1849}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8436}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2020.0483}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The most profound shift in the African hydroclimate of the last 1 million years occurred around 300 thousand years (ka) ago. This change in African hydroclimate is manifest as an east-west change in moisture balance that cannot be fully explained through linkages to high latitude climate systems. The east-west shift is, instead, probably driven by a shift in the tropical Walker Circulation related to sea surface temperature change driven by orbital forcing. Comparing records of past vegetation change, and hominin evolution and development, with this breakpoint in the climate system is challenging owing to the paucity of study sites available and uncertainties regarding the dating of records. Notwithstanding these uncertainties we find that, broadly speaking, both vegetation and hominins change around 300 ka. The vegetative backdrop suggests that relative abundance of vegetative resources shifted from western to eastern Africa, although resources would have persisted across the continent. The climatic and vegetation changes probably provided challenges for hominins and are broadly coincident with the appearance of Homo sapiens (ca 315 ka) and the emergence of Middle Stone Age technology. The concomitant changes in climate, vegetation and hominin evolution suggest that these factors are closely intertwined. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HerschingerRenner2024, author = {Herschinger, Eva and Renner, Judith}, title = {Diskursforschung in den Internationalen Beziehungen}, series = {Handbuch Internationale Beziehungen}, booktitle = {Handbuch Internationale Beziehungen}, editor = {Sauer, Frank and von Hauff, Luba and Masala, Carlo}, edition = {3., vollst{\"a}ndig {\"u}berarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-33952-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-33953-1_15}, pages = {375 -- 399}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Diskursive Perspektiven auf internationale Politik haben in den vergangenen Jahren an Relevanz und Popularit{\"a}t gewonnen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt zun{\"a}chst einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber verschiedene Spielarten diskursiver Ans{\"a}tze in den Internationalen Beziehungen, um sich dann vor allem poststrukturalistisch inspirierten Diskursarbeiten zu widmen. Poststrukturalistische Ans{\"a}tze, so argumentieren wir, sind besonders interessant f{\"u}r die Disziplin der IB, da sie vier spezifische Gewinne bieten: Erstens erlauben sie eine kritische Perspektive auf Fragen internationaler Politik, zweitens hilft eine poststrukturalistische Perspektive dabei, den oft {\"u}bersehenen politischen Charakter sozialer Realit{\"a}t herauszustellen, drittens halten sie dazu an, die eigene Sichtweise des/der Forschenden zu reflektieren und viertens erlaubt es eine poststrukturalistische Vorgehensweise mit ihrem Fokus auf „Wie-m{\"o}glich-Fragen", eine alternative analytische Perspektive zu dominanten erkl{\"a}renden Ans{\"a}tzen einzunehmen.}, language = {de} } @article{UjevicRashtiGiegetal.2022, author = {Ujevic, Maximiliano and Rashti, Alireza and Gieg, Henrique Leonhard and Tichy, Wolfgang and Dietrich, Tim}, title = {High-accuracy high-mass-ratio simulations for binary neutron stars and their comparison to existing waveform models}, series = {Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology}, volume = {106}, journal = {Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {2470-0010}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.106.023029}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The subsequent observing runs of the advanced gravitational-wave detector network will likely provide us with various gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron star systems. For an accurate interpretation of these detections, we need reliable gravitational-wave models. To test and to point out how existing models could be improved, we perform a set of high-resolution numerical relativity simulations for four different physical setups with mass ratios q = 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, and total gravitational mass M = 2.7 M???. Each configuration is simulated with five different resolutions to allow a proper error assessment. Overall, we find approximately second-order converging results for the dominant (2,2) mode, but also the subdominant (2,1), (3,3), and (4,4) modes, while generally, the convergence order reduces slightly for an increasing mass ratio. Our simulations allow us to validate waveform models, where we find generally good agreement between state-of-the-art models and our data, and to prove that scaling relations for higher modes currently employed for binary black hole waveform modeling also apply for the tidal contribution. Finally, we also test if the current NRTidal model used to describe tidal effects is a valid description for high-mass-ratio systems. We hope that our simulation results can be used to further improve and test waveform models in preparation for the next observing runs.}, language = {en} }