@article{BergholzBalthasarWeissetal.2023,
  author    = {Bergholz, Kolja and Balthasar, Cathrina and Weiss, Anne-Marie and Brunkhardt, Jennifer and Ristow, Michael and Weiß, Lina},
  title     = {Niche differentiation of arthropods and plants along small-scale gradients in temporary wetlands (kettle holes)},
  series = {Basic and applied ecology : journal of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r {\"O}kologie},
  volume    = {73},
  journal   = {Basic and applied ecology : journal of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r {\"O}kologie},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1439-1791},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.003},
  pages     = {10 -- 17},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Small temporary wetlands, like kettle holes, provide many valuable ecosystem functions and serve as refuge habitats in otherwise monotonous agricultural landscapes. However, the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity in these habitats are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how three taxa (vascular plants, ground beetles and spiders) respond to small-scale flooding and disturbance gradients in kettle holes as well as kettle hole area. For this purpose, we determined total, hygrophilic and red list species richness for all taxa and activity density for arthropods along transects extending from the edge towards the center of kettle holes. Furthermore, we calculated the community-weighted mean body size for arthropods and seed mass for plants as surrogates for the ability to respond to disturbance. Our analyses revealed that in particular plants and ground beetles showed strong responses along the small-scale spatial gradient. Total plant species richness decreased towards the center, while hygrophilic plant species increased. In contrast, both total and hygrophilic species richness of ground beetles increased towards the center. Spiders showed similar responses as ground beetles, but less pronounced. We found no evidence that disturbance at the edge of kettle holes leads to smaller body sizes or seed masses. However, arthropods in adjacent arable fields (one meter from the kettle hole edge) were particularly small. Kettle hole area had only weak effects on plants, but not on arthropods. Our study indicates that differences in the depth at the drier edge and the moist, regularly flooded center have a large and taxon-dependent influence on the species composition. Therefore, small-scale heterogeneity seems to be an important predictor for the maintenance of species diversity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EccardSchefflerFrankeetal.2018,
  author    = {Eccard, Jana and Scheffler, Ingo and Franke, Steffen and Hoffmann, Julia},
  title     = {Off-grid},
  series = {Insect conservation and diversity},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Insect conservation and diversity},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1752-458X},
  doi       = {10.1111/icad.12303},
  pages     = {600 -- 607},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {1. Advances in LED technology combined with solar, storable energy bring light to places remote from electricity grids. Worldwide more than 1.3 billion of people are living off-grid, often in developing regions of high insect biodiversity. In developed countries, dark refuges for wildlife are threatened by ornamental garden lights. Solar powered LEDs (SPLEDs) are cheaply available, dim, and often used to illuminate foot paths, but little is known on their effects on ground living (epigeal) arthropods. 2. We used off-the-shelf garden lamps with a single 'white' LED (colour temperature 7250 K) to experimentally investigate effects on attraction and nocturnal activity of ground beetles (Carabidae). 3. We found two disparate and species-specific effects of SPLEDs. (i) Some nocturnal, phototactic species were not reducing activity under illumination and were strongly attracted to lamps (>20-fold increase in captures compared to dark controls). Such species aggregate in lit areas and SPLEDs may become ecological traps, while the species is drawn from nearby, unlit assemblages. (ii) Other nocturnal species were reducing mobility and activity under illumination without being attracted to light, which may cause fitness reduction in lit areas. 4. Both reactions offer mechanistic explanations on how outdoor illumination can change population densities of specific predatory arthropods, which may have cascading effects on epigeal arthropod assemblages. The technology may thus increase the area of artificial light at night (ALAN) impacting insect biodiversity. 5. Measures are needed to mitigate effects, such as adjustment of light colour temperature and automated switch-offs.},
  language  = {en}
}