@article{RichterWassermannZimmeretal.2004, author = {Richter, Gudrun and Wassermann, J{\"u}rgen and Zimmer, Martin and Ohrnberger, Matthias}, title = {Correlation of seismic activity and fumarole temperature at the Mt. Merapi volcano (Indonesia) in 2000}, issn = {0377-0273}, doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.03.006}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In this paper we present densely sampled fumarole temperature data, recorded continuously at a high-temperature fumarole of Mt. Merapi volcano (Indonesia). These temperature time series are correlated with continuous records of rainfall and seismic waveform data collected at the Indonesian - German multi-parameter monitoring network. The correlation analysis of fumarole temperature and precipitation data shows a clear influence of tropical rain events on fumarole temperature. In addition, there is some evidence that rainfall may influence seismicity rates, indicating interaction of meteoric water with the volcanic system. Knowledge about such interactions is important, as lava dome instabilities caused by heavy-precipitation events may result in pyroclastic flows. Apart from the strong external influences on fumarole temperature and seismicity rate, which may conceal smaller signals caused by volcanic degassing processes, the analysis of fumarole temperature and seismic data indicates a statistically significant correlation between a certain type of seismic activity and an increase in fumarole temperature. This certain type of seismic activity consists of a seismic cluster of several high-frequency transients and an ultra-long-period signal (< 0.002 Hz), which are best observed using a broadband seismometer deployed at a distance of 600 m from the active lava dome. The corresponding change in fumarole temperature starts a few minutes after the ultra-long-period signal and simultaneously with the high-frequency seismic cluster. The change in fumarole temperature, an increase of 5 degreesC on average, resembles a smoothed step. Fifty-four occurrences of simultaneous high-frequency seismic cluster, ultra-long period signal and increase of fumarole temperature have been identified in the data set from August 2000 to January 2001. The observed signals appear to correspond to degassing processes in the summit region of Mt. Merapi. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{ToySutherlandTownendetal.2017, author = {Toy, Virginia Gail and Sutherland, Rupert and Townend, John and Allen, Michael J. and Becroft, Leeza and Boles, Austin and Boulton, Carolyn and Carpenter, Brett and Cooper, Alan and Cox, Simon C. and Daube, Christopher and Faulkner, D. R. and Halfpenny, Angela and Kato, Naoki and Keys, Stephen and Kirilova, Martina and Kometani, Yusuke and Little, Timothy and Mariani, Elisabetta and Melosh, Benjamin and Menzies, Catriona D. and Morales, Luiz and Morgan, Chance and Mori, Hiroshi and Niemeijer, Andre and Norris, Richard and Prior, David and Sauer, Katrina and Schleicher, Anja Maria and Shigematsu, Norio and Teagle, Damon A. H. and Tobin, Harold and Valdez, Robert and Williams, Jack and Yeo, Samantha and Baratin, Laura-May and Barth, Nicolas and Benson, Adrian and Boese, Carolin and C{\´e}l{\´e}rier, Bernard and Chamberlain, Calum J. and Conze, Ronald and Coussens, Jamie and Craw, Lisa and Doan, Mai-Linh and Eccles, Jennifer and Grieve, Jason and Grochowski, Julia and Gulley, Anton and Howarth, Jamie and Jacobs, Katrina and Janku-Capova, Lucie and Jeppson, Tamara and Langridge, Robert and Mallyon, Deirdre and Marx, Ray and Massiot, C{\´e}cile and Mathewson, Loren and Moore, Josephine and Nishikawa, Osamu and Pooley, Brent and Pyne, Alex and Savage, Martha K. and Schmitt, Doug and Taylor-Offord, Sam and Upton, Phaedra and Weaver, Konrad C. and Wiersberg, Thomas and Zimmer, Martin}, title = {Bedrock geology of DFDP-2B, central Alpine Fault, New Zealand}, series = {New Zealand journal of geology and geophysics : an international journal of the geoscience of New Zealand, the Pacific Rim, and Antarctica ; NZJG}, volume = {60}, journal = {New Zealand journal of geology and geophysics : an international journal of the geoscience of New Zealand, the Pacific Rim, and Antarctica ; NZJG}, number = {4}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon}, organization = {DFDP-2 Sci Team}, issn = {0028-8306}, doi = {10.1080/00288306.2017.1375533}, pages = {497 -- 518}, year = {2017}, abstract = {During the second phase of the Alpine Fault, Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) in the Whataroa River, South Westland, New Zealand, bedrock was encountered in the DFDP-2B borehole from 238.5-893.2 m Measured Depth (MD). Continuous sampling and meso- to microscale characterisation of whole rock cuttings established that, in sequence, the borehole sampled amphibolite facies, Torlesse Composite Terrane-derived schists, protomylonites and mylonites, terminating 200-400 m above an Alpine Fault Principal Slip Zone (PSZ) with a maximum dip of 62°. The most diagnostic structural features of increasing PSZ proximity were the occurrence of shear bands and reduction in mean quartz grain sizes. A change in composition to greater mica:quartz + feldspar, most markedly below c. 700 m MD, is inferred to result from either heterogeneous sampling or a change in lithology related to alteration. Major oxide variations suggest the fault-proximal Alpine Fault alteration zone, as previously defined in DFDP-1 core, was not sampled.}, language = {en} } @article{JentschDuesingJolieetal.2021, author = {Jentsch, Anna and D{\"u}sing, Walter and Jolie, Egbert and Zimmer, Martin}, title = {Monitoring the response of volcanic CO2 emissions to changes in the Los Humeros hydrothermal system}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {[London]}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-97023-x}, pages = {11}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Carbon dioxide is the most abundant, non-condensable gas in volcanic systems, released into the atmosphere through either diffuse or advective fluid flow. The emission of substantial amounts of CO2 at Earth's surface is not only controlled by volcanic plumes during periods of eruptive activity or fumaroles, but also by soil degassing along permeable structures in the subsurface. Monitoring of these processes is of utmost importance for volcanic hazard analyses, and is also relevant for managing geothermal resources. Fluid-bearing faults are key elements of economic value for geothermal power generation. Here, we describe for the first time how sensitively and quickly natural gas emissions react to changes within a deep hydrothermal system due to geothermal fluid reinjection. For this purpose, we deployed an automated, multi-chamber CO2 flux monitoring system within the damage zone of a deep-rooted major normal fault in the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex (LHVC) in Mexico and recorded data over a period of five months. After removing the atmospheric effects on variations in CO2 flux, we calculated correlation coefficients between residual CO2 emissions and reinjection rates, identifying an inverse correlation of rho = - 0.51 to - 0.66. Our results indicate that gas emissions respond to changes in reinjection rates within 24 h, proving an active hydraulic communication between the hydrothermal system and Earth's surface. This finding is a promising indication not only for geothermal reservoir monitoring but also for advanced long-term volcanic risk analysis. Response times allow for estimation of fluid migration velocities, which is a key constraint for conceptual and numerical modelling of fluid flow in fracture-dominated systems.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerHrubcovaDahmetal.2022, author = {Fischer, Tom{\´a}š and Hrubcova, Pavla and Dahm, Torsten and Woith, Heiko and Vylita, Tom{\´a}š and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Vlček, Josef and Horalek, Josef and Dedecek, Petr and Zimmer, Martin and Lipus, Martin P. and Pierdominici, Simona and Kallmeyer, Jens and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Hannemann, Katrin and Korn, Michael and Kaempf, Horst and Reinsch, Thomas and Klicpera, Jakub and Vollmer, Daniel and Daskalopoulou, Kyriaki}, title = {ICDP drilling of the Eger Rift observatory}, series = {Scientific drilling : reports on deep earth sampling and monitoring}, volume = {31}, journal = {Scientific drilling : reports on deep earth sampling and monitoring}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1816-8957}, doi = {10.5194/sd-31-31-2022}, pages = {31 -- 49}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The new in situ geodynamic laboratory established in the framework of the ICDP Eger project aims to develop the most modern, comprehensive, multiparameter laboratory at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived CO2 and helium degassing, and processes of the deep biosphere. In order to reach a new level of high-frequency, near-source and multiparameter observation of earthquake swarms and related phenomena, such a laboratory comprises a set of shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as modern continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere. This laboratory is located in the western part of the Eger Rift at the border of the Czech Republic and Germany (in the West Bohemia-Vogtland geodynamic region) and comprises a set of five boreholes around the seismoactive zone. To date, all monitoring boreholes have been drilled. This includes the seismic monitoring boreholes S1, S2 and S3 in the crystalline units north and east of the major Nov{\´y} Kostel seismogenic zone, borehole F3 in the Hartoušov mofette field and borehole S4 in the newly discovered Bažina maar near Lib{\´a}. Supplementary borehole P1 is being prepared in the Neualbenreuth maar for paleoclimate and biological research. At each of these sites, a borehole broadband seismometer will be installed, and sites S1, S2 and S3 will also host a 3-D seismic array composed of a vertical geophone chain and surface seismic array. Seismic instrumenting has been completed in the S1 borehole and is in preparation in the remaining four monitoring boreholes. The continuous fluid monitoring site of Hartoušov includes three boreholes, F1, F2 and F3, and a pilot monitoring phase is underway. The laboratory also enables one to analyze microbial activity at CO2 mofettes and maar structures in the context of changes in habitats. The drillings into the maar volcanoes contribute to a better understanding of the Quaternary paleoclimate and volcanic activity.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerHrubcovaDahmetal.2022, author = {Fischer, Tomas and Hrubcova, Pavla and Dahm, Torsten and Woith, Heiko and Vylita, Tomas and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Vlcek, Josef and Horalek, Josef and Dedecek, Petr and Zimmer, Martin and Lipus, Martin P. and Pierdominici, Simona and Kallmeyer, Jens and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Hannemann, Katrin and Korn, Michael and K{\"a}mpf, Horst and Reinsch, Thomas and Klicpera, Jakub and Vollmer, Daniel and Daskalopoulou, Kyriaki}, title = {ICDP drilling of the Eger Rift observatory}, series = {Scientific Drilling}, volume = {31}, journal = {Scientific Drilling}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1816-8957}, doi = {10.5194/sd-31-31-2022}, pages = {31 -- 49}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The new in situ geodynamic laboratory established in the framework of the ICDP Eger project aims to develop the most modern, comprehensive, multiparameter laboratory at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived CO2 and helium degassing, and processes of the deep biosphere. In order to reach a new level of high-frequency, near-source and multiparameter observation of earthquake swarms and related phenomena, such a laboratory comprises a set of shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as modern continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere. This laboratory is located in the western part of the Eger Rift at the border of the Czech Republic and Germany (in the West Bohemia-Vogtland geodynamic region) and comprises a set of five boreholes around the seismoactive zone. To date, all monitoring boreholes have been drilled. This includes the seismic monitoring boreholes S1, S2 and S3 in the crystalline units north and east of the major Novy Kostel seismogenic zone, borehole F3 in the Hartousov mofette field and borehole S4 in the newly discovered Bazina maar near Liba. Supplementary borehole P1 is being prepared in the Neualbenreuth maar for paleoclimate and biological research. At each of these sites, a borehole broadband seismometer will be installed, and sites S1, S2 and S3 will also host a 3-D seismic array composed of a vertical geophone chain and surface seismic array. Seismic instrumenting has been completed in the S1 borehole and is in preparation in the remaining four monitoring boreholes. The continuous fluid monitoring site of Hartousov includes three boreholes, F1, F2 and F3, and a pilot monitoring phase is underway. The laboratory also enables one to analyze microbial activity at CO2 mofettes and maar structures in the context of changes in habitats. The drillings into the maar volcanoes contribute to a better understanding of the Quaternary paleoclimate and volcanic activity.}, language = {en} }