@article{HeringHauptfleischKramerSchadtetal.2022,
  author    = {Hering, Robert and Hauptfleisch, Morgan and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Stiegler, Jonas and Blaum, Niels},
  title     = {Effects of fences and fence gaps on the movement behavior of three southern African antelope species},
  series = {Frontiers in Conservation Science},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Conservation Science},
  publisher = {Frontiers},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2673-611X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcosc.2022.959423},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Globally, migratory ungulates are affected by fences. While field observational studies reveal the amount of animal-fence interactions across taxa, GPS tracking-based studies uncover fence effects on movement patterns and habitat selection. However, studies on the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on movement behavior, especially based on high-frequency tracking data, are scarce. We used GPS tracking on three common African antelopes (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Antidorcas marsupialis, and T. oryx) with movement strategies ranging from range residency to nomadism in a semi-arid, Namibian savanna traversed by wildlife-proof fences that elephants have regularly breached. We classified major forms of ungulate-fence interaction types on a seasonal and a daily scale. Furthermore, we recorded the distances and times spent at fences regarding the total individual space use. Based on this, we analyzed the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on the animals' movement behavior for the previously defined types of animal-fence interactions. Antelope-fence interactions peaked during the early hours of the day and during seasonal transitions when the limiting resource changed between water and forage. Major types of ungulate-fence interactions were quick, trace-like, or marked by halts. We found that the amount of time spent at fences was highest for nomadic eland. Migratory springbok adjusted their space use concerning fence gap positions. If the small home ranges of sedentary kudu included a fence, they frequently interacted with this fence. For springbok and eland, distance traveled along a fence declined with increasing utilization of a fence gap. All species reduced their speed in the proximity of a fence but often increased their speed when encountering the fence. Crossing a fence led to increased speeds for all species. We demonstrate that fence effects mainly occur during crucial foraging times (seasonal scale) and during times of directed movements (daily scale). Importantly, we provide evidence that fences directly alter antelope movement behaviors with negative implications for energy budgets and that persistent fence gaps can reduce the intensity of such alterations. Our findings help to guide future animal-fence studies and provide insights for wildlife fencing and fence gap planning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeringHauptfleischKramerSchadtetal.2022,
  author    = {Hering, Robert and Hauptfleisch, Morgan and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Stiegler, Jonas and Blaum, Niels},
  title     = {Effects of fences and fence gaps on the movement behavior of three southern African antelope species},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1308},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58267},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582672},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Globally, migratory ungulates are affected by fences. While field observational studies reveal the amount of animal-fence interactions across taxa, GPS tracking-based studies uncover fence effects on movement patterns and habitat selection. However, studies on the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on movement behavior, especially based on high-frequency tracking data, are scarce. We used GPS tracking on three common African antelopes (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Antidorcas marsupialis, and T. oryx) with movement strategies ranging from range residency to nomadism in a semi-arid, Namibian savanna traversed by wildlife-proof fences that elephants have regularly breached. We classified major forms of ungulate-fence interaction types on a seasonal and a daily scale. Furthermore, we recorded the distances and times spent at fences regarding the total individual space use. Based on this, we analyzed the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on the animals' movement behavior for the previously defined types of animal-fence interactions. Antelope-fence interactions peaked during the early hours of the day and during seasonal transitions when the limiting resource changed between water and forage. Major types of ungulate-fence interactions were quick, trace-like, or marked by halts. We found that the amount of time spent at fences was highest for nomadic eland. Migratory springbok adjusted their space use concerning fence gap positions. If the small home ranges of sedentary kudu included a fence, they frequently interacted with this fence. For springbok and eland, distance traveled along a fence declined with increasing utilization of a fence gap. All species reduced their speed in the proximity of a fence but often increased their speed when encountering the fence. Crossing a fence led to increased speeds for all species. We demonstrate that fence effects mainly occur during crucial foraging times (seasonal scale) and during times of directed movements (daily scale). Importantly, we provide evidence that fences directly alter antelope movement behaviors with negative implications for energy budgets and that persistent fence gaps can reduce the intensity of such alterations. Our findings help to guide future animal-fence studies and provide insights for wildlife fencing and fence gap planning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OstermannMiyashitaKoenigPernatetal.2022,
  author    = {Ostermann-Miyashita, Emu-Felicitas and K{\"o}nig, Hannes J. and Pernat, Nadja and Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea and Hibler, Sophia and Kiffner, Christian},
  title     = {Knowledge of returning wildlife species and willingness to participate in citizen science projects among wildlife park visitors in Germany},
  series = {People and nature},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {People and nature},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {British Ecological Society; Wiley},
  address   = {London; Hoboken, NJ},
  issn      = {2575-8314},
  doi       = {10.1002/pan3.10379},
  pages     = {1201 -- 1215},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Successful conservation efforts have led to recent increases of large mammals such as European bison Bison bonasus, moose Alces alces and grey wolf Canis lupus and their return to former habitats in central Europe. While embraced by some, the recovery of these species is a controversial topic and holds potential for human-wildlife conflicts. Involving the public has been suggested to be an effective method for monitoring wildlife and mitigating associated conflicts. To assess two interrelated prerequisites for engaging people in Citizen Science (CS)-knowledge of returning species and respondents' readiness to participate in CS activities for monitoring and managing these species-we conducted a survey (questionnaire) in two wildlife parks located in different states of Germany. Based on 472 complete questionnaires, we developed generalized linear models to understand how sociodemographic variables and exposure to the species affected visitors' knowledge of each species, and to investigate if sociodemographic variables and knowledge influenced the likelihood of visitors to participate in CS activities. Almost all visitors were aware of the returning wolf population, while knowledge and awareness about bison and moose were significantly lower. Knowledge of the two herbivores differed geographically (higher knowledge of moose in the north-eastern state), possibly indicating a positive association between exposure to the species and knowledge. However, models generally performed poorly in predicting knowledge about wildlife, suggesting that such specific knowledge is insufficiently explained by sociodemographic variables. Our model, which explained stated willingness in CS indicated that younger participants and those with higher knowledge scores in the survey were more willing to engage in CS activities. Overall, our analyses highlight how exposure to large mammals, knowledge about wildlife and human demographics are interrelated-insights that are helpful for effectively recruiting citizen scientists for wildlife conservation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.},
  language  = {en}
}