@misc{BaldermannBlagojevicFredeetal.2016,
  author    = {Baldermann, Susanne and Blagojevic, Lara and Frede, Katja and Klopsch, R. and Neugart, Susanne and Neumann, A. and Ngwene, Benard and Norkeweit, Jessica and Schroeter, D. and Schroeter, A. and Schweigert, Florian J. and Wiesner, M. and Schreiner, Monika},
  title     = {Are Neglected Plants the Food for the Future?},
  series = {Critical reviews in plant sciences},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Critical reviews in plant sciences},
  publisher = {Institut d'Estudis Catalans},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0735-2689},
  doi       = {10.1080/07352689.2016.1201399},
  pages     = {106 -- 119},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Malnutrition, poor health, hunger, and even starvation are still the world's greatest challenges. Malnutrition is defined as deficiency of nutrition due to not ingesting the proper amounts of nutrients by simply not eating enough food and/or by consuming nutrient-poor food in respect to the daily nutritional requirements. Moreover, malnutrition and disease are closely associated and incidences of such diet-related diseases increase particularly in low- and middle-income states. While foods of animal origin are often unaffordable to low-income families, various neglected crops can offer an alternative source of micronutrients, vitamins, as well as health-promoting secondary plant metabolites. Therefore, agricultural and horticultural research should develop strategies not only to produce more food, but also to improve access to more nutritious food. In this context, one promising approach is to promote biodiversity in the dietary pattern of low-income people by getting access to nutritional as well as affordable food and providing recommendations for food selection and preparation. Worldwide, a multitude of various plant species are assigned to be consumed as grains, vegetables, and fruits, but only a limited number of these species are used as commercial cash crops. Consequently, numerous neglected and underutilized species offer the potential to diversify not only the human diet, but also increase food production levels, and, thus, enable more sustainable and resilient agro- and horti-food systems. To exploit the potential of neglected plant (NP) species, coordinated approaches on the local, regional, and international level have to be integrated that consequently demand the involvement of numerous multi-stakeholders. Thus, the objective of the present review is to evaluate whether NP species are important as "Future Food" for improving the nutritional status of humans as well as increasing resilience of agro- and horti-food systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FranzOttenMuellerWerdanetal.2019,
  author    = {Franz, Kristina and Otten, Lindsey and M{\"u}ller-Werdan, Ursula and D{\"o}hner, Wolfram and Norman, Kristina},
  title     = {Severe Weight Loss and Its Association with Fatigue in Old Patients at Discharge from a Geriatric Hospital},
  series = {Nutrients},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Nutrients},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2072-6643},
  doi       = {10.3390/nu11102415},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Although malnutrition is frequent in the old, little is known about its association with fatigue. We evaluated the relation of self-reported severe weight loss with fatigue and the predictors for fatigue in old patients at hospital discharge. Severe weight loss was defined according to involuntary weight loss >= 5\% in the last three months. We determined fatigue with the validated Brief Fatigue Inventory questionnaire. The regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, number of comorbidities, medications/day, and BMI. Of 424 patients aged between 61 and 98 y, 34.1\% had severe weight loss. Fatigue was higher in patients with severe weight loss (3.7 +/- 2.3 vs. 3.2 +/- 2.3 points, p = 0.021). In a multinomial regression model, weight loss was independently associated with higher risk for moderate fatigue (OR:1.172, CI:1.026-1.338, p = 0.019) and with increased risk for severe fatigue (OR:1.209, CI:1.047-1.395, p = 0.010) together with the number of medications/day (OR:1.220, CI:1.023-1.455, p = 0.027). In a binary regression model, severe weight loss predicted moderate-to-severe fatigue in the study population (OR:1.651, CI:1.052-2.590, p = 0.029). In summary, patients with self-reported severe weight loss at hospital discharge exhibited higher fatigue levels and severe weight loss was an independent predictor of moderate and severe fatigue, placing these patients at risk for impaired outcome in the post-hospital period.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VolkertBeckCederholmetal.2019,
  author    = {Volkert, Dorothee and Beck, Anne Marie and Cederholm, Tommy and Cereda, Emanuele and Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J. and Goisser, Sabine and de Groot, Lisette and Grosshauser, Franz and Kiesswetter, Eva and Norman, Kristina and Pourhassan, Maryam and Reinders, Ilse and Roberts, Helen C. and Rolland, Yves and Schneider, St{\´e}phane M. and Sieber, Cornel and Thiem, Ulrich and Visser, Marjolein and Wijnhoven, Hanneke and Wirth, Rainer},
  title     = {Management of malnutrition in older patients},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm8070974},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Malnutrition is widespread in older people and represents a major geriatric syndrome with multifactorial etiology and severe consequences for health outcomes and quality of life. The aim of the present paper is to describe current approaches and evidence regarding malnutrition treatment and to highlight relevant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Recently published guidelines of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) provide a summary of the available evidence and highlight the wide range of different measures that can be taken—from the identification and elimination of potential causes to enteral and parenteral nutrition—depending on the patient's abilities and needs. However, more than half of the recommendations therein are based on expert consensus because of a lack of evidence, and only three are concern patient-centred outcomes. Future research should further clarify the etiology of malnutrition and identify the most relevant causes in order to prevent malnutrition. Based on limited and partly conflicting evidence and the limitations of existing studies, it remains unclear which interventions are most effective in which patient groups, and if specific situations, diseases or etiologies of malnutrition require specific approaches. Patient-relevant outcomes such as functionality and quality of life need more attention, and research methodology should be harmonised to allow for the comparability of studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VolkertKiesswetterCederholmetal.2019,
  author    = {Volkert, Dorothee and Kiesswetter, Eva and Cederholm, Tommy and Donini, Lorenzo M. and Egiseer, Doris and Norman, Kristina and Schneider, Stephane M. and Stroebele-Benschop, Nanette and Torbahn, Gabriel and Wirth, Rainer and Visser, Marjolein},
  title     = {Development of a Model on Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons},
  series = {Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {2333-7214},
  doi       = {10.1177/2333721419858438},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In older persons, the origin of malnutrition is often multifactorial with a multitude of factors involved. Presently, a common understanding about potential causes and their mode of action is lacking, and a consensus on the theoretical framework on the etiology of malnutrition does not exist. Within the European Knowledge Hub "Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL)," a model of "Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons" (DoMAP) was developed in a multistage consensus process with live meetings and written feedback (modified Delphi process) by a multiprofessional group of 33 experts in geriatric nutrition. DoMAP consists of three triangle-shaped levels with malnutrition in the center, surrounded by the three principal conditions through which malnutrition develops in the innermost level: low intake, high requirements, and impaired nutrient bioavailability. The middle level consists of factors directly causing one of these conditions, and the outermost level contains factors indirectly causing one of the three conditions through the direct factors. The DoMAP model may contribute to a common understanding about the multitude of factors involved in the etiology of malnutrition, and about potential causative mechanisms. It may serve as basis for future research and may also be helpful in clinical routine to identify persons at increased risk of malnutrition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hadzic2021,
  author    = {Hadzic, Miralem},
  title     = {Erfassung des funktionellen und nutritiven Status hochbetagter Patienten in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50680},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-506806},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XIII, 48, XXXI},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Einleitung {\"A}ltere Patienten mit Herzklappenerkrankungen werden zunehmend h{\"a}ufig mit der kathetergest{\"u}tzten Aortenklappenimplantation (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, TAVI) oder dem MitraClip®-Verfahren behandelt. In der kardiologischen Rehabilitation nimmt infolgedessen die Patientenpopulation der Hochbetagten stetig zu. Die funktionale Gesundheit dieser Patienten wird durch h{\"a}ufig auftretende, sogenannte geriatrische Syndrome wie Multimorbidit{\"a}t, Mangelern{\"a}hrung, Gebrechlichkeit oder Sturzereignisse beeinflusst. Insbesondere die eingeschr{\"a}nkte Mobilit{\"a}t und Mangelern{\"a}hrung sind wichtige Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r die Prognose der Patienten nach TAVI. Etablierte Verfahren, um die k{\"o}rperliche Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit von kardiologischen Rehabilitanden zu beurteilen, sind die Belastungsergometrie und der 6-Minuten-Gehtest. Allerdings ist nahezu die H{\"a}lfte der hochbetagten Patienten nicht in der Lage, eine Belastungsergometrie durchzuf{\"u}hren. Bislang erfolgt in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation keine differenzierte Erfassung des funktionellen Status hinsichtlich Mobilit{\"a}t, Kraft und Gleichgewicht, um die geriatrischen Syndrome individuell zu beurteilen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus werden keine Assessments zur Erfassung des Ern{\"a}hrungsstatus eingesetzt. Daher war es das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, die Auspr{\"a}gung des funktionellen und nutritiven Status {\"a}lterer Patienten anhand geeigneter Assessments in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation zu ermitteln. Methode Zwischen Oktober 2018 und Juni 2019 nahmen Patienten im Alter von 75 Jahren oder {\"a}lter nach TAVI, atrioventrikul{\"a}rer Intervention mittels MitraClip®-Verfahren (AVI) oder perkutaner Koronarintervention (PCI) an der Studie teil. Zu Beginn der kardiologischen Rehabilitation wurden soziodemografische Daten, echokardiografische Parameter (z. B. links und rechtsventrikul{\"a}re Ejektionsfraktion, Herzrhythmus) und Komorbidit{\"a}ten (z. B. Diabetes mellitus, Niereninsuffizienz, orthop{\"a}dische Erkrankungen) erhoben, um die Patientenpopulation zu beschreiben. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde die Gebrechlichkeit der Rehabilitanden mit dem Index von Stortecky et al., bestehend aus den Komponenten Kognition, Mobilit{\"a}t, Ern{\"a}hrung und Aktivit{\"a}ten des t{\"a}glichen Lebens, beurteilt. Der 6-Minuten-Gehtest diente zur Ermittlung der k{\"o}rperlichen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der Patienten. Die Mobilit{\"a}t wurde mit Hilfe des Timed-Up-and-Go-Tests, die Ganggeschwindigkeit mit dem Gait Speed Test und die Handkraft mit dem Hand Grip Test erfasst. F{\"u}r die Objektivierung des Gleichgewichts wurde eine Kraftmessplatte (uni- und bipedaler Stand mit ge{\"o}ffneten und geschlossenen Augen) erprobt, die bislang bei {\"a}lteren Rehabilitanden noch nicht eingesetzt wurde. Der Ern{\"a}hrungsstatus wurde mit dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form und den ern{\"a}hrungsbezogenen Laborparametern (H{\"a}moglobin, Serumalbumin, Eiweißkonzentration) erfasst. Die Eignung der Assessments bewerteten wir anhand folgender Kriterien: Durchf{\"u}hrbarkeit (bei ≥ 95 \% der Patienten durchf{\"u}hrbar), Sicherheit (< 95 \% St{\"u}rze oder andere unerw{\"u}nschte Ereignisse) und der Pearson-Korrelationen zwischen den funktionellen Tests und dem Goldstandard 6-Minuten-Gehtest sowie den Laborparametern und dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Ergebnisse Es wurden 124 Patienten (82 ± 4 Jahre, 48 \% Frauen, 5 ± 2 Komorbidit{\"a}ten, 9 ± 3 Medikamente) nach TAVI (n = 59), AVI (n = 21) und PCI (n = 44) konsekutiv in die Studie eingeschlossen. Etwa zwei Drittel aller Patienten der Gesamtpopulation waren als gebrechlich zu klassifizieren, bei einer mittleren Punktzahl von 2,9 ± 1,4. Ann{\"a}hernd die H{\"a}lfte der Patienten zeigte eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte k{\"o}rperliche Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit aufgrund einer reduzierten 6-Minuten-Gehstrecke (48 \% < 350 m) sowie eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Mobilit{\"a}t im Timed-Up-and-Go-Test (55 \% > 10 s). Es wurden eine mittlere Gehstrecke von 339 ± 131 m und eine durchschnittliche Zeit im Timed-Up-and-Go-Test von 11,4 ± 6,3 s erzielt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wies ein Viertel der Patienten eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Ganggeschwindigkeit (< 0,8 m/s) auf und etwa 35 \% von Ihnen zeigten eine reduzierte Handkraft (Frauen/M{\"a}nner < 16/27 kg). Im Mittel wurde eine Geschwindigkeit von 1,0 ± 0,2 m/s im Gait Speed Test sowie eine Handkraft von 24 ± 9 kg im Hand Grip Test erreicht. Ein Risiko einer Mangelern{\"a}hrung konnte bei 38 \% (< 12 Punkte) der Patienten nachgewiesen werden bei einer mittleren Punktzahl von 11,8 ± 2,2 im Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Im Vergleich zwischen den einzelnen Subpopulationen bestanden keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in den Ergebnissen der funktionellen Assessments. Bez{\"u}glich des Ern{\"a}hrungsstatus wiesen allerdings die Patienten nach AVI einen statistisch signifikant niedrigeren Punktewert im Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (10,3 ± 3,0 Punkte) auf als die Patienten nach TAVI (12,0 ± 1,8 Punkte) und PCI (12,1 ± 2,1 Punkte), wobei etwa 57 \% der Patienten nach AVI, 38 \% nach TAVI und 50 \% nach PCI ein Risiko einer Mangelern{\"a}hrung zeigten. Mit Ausnahme der Tests auf der Kraftmessplatte waren alle Assessments durchf{\"u}hrbar und sicher. W{\"a}hrend 86 \% der Patienten den bipedalen Stand mit geschlossenen Augen auf der Kraftmessplatte durchf{\"u}hren konnten und damit nahezu den Grenzwert von 95 \% erreichten, war der unipedale Stand mit 12 \% an durchf{\"u}hrbaren Messungen weit von diesem entfernt. Der Gait Speed Test (r = 0,79), Timed-Up-and-Go-Test (r = 0,68) und Hand Grip Test (r = 0,33) korrelierten signifikant mit dem 6-Minuten-Gehtest, H{\"a}moglobin (r = 0,20) und Albumin (r = 0,24) korrelierten mit dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Schlussfolgerung {\"U}ber die bestehende Multimorbidit{\"a}t und Multimedikation hinaus wiesen die untersuchten Patienten vor allem eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Mobilit{\"a}t und ein Risiko einer Mangelern{\"a}hrung auf, wobei die Subpopulation nach AVI besonders betroffen war. Um den Bed{\"u}rfnissen hochbetagter Rehabilitanden nach kathetergest{\"u}tzer Intervention gerecht zu werden, ist eine individuelle Behandlung der einzelnen Defizite erforderlich, mit besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Komorbidit{\"a}ten sowie der geriatrischen Kofaktoren. Aufgrund des multidisziplin{\"a}ren Ansatzes erf{\"u}llt die kardiologische Rehabilitation bereits die Voraussetzung, hochbetagte Patienten bedarfsgerecht zu behandeln, jedoch mangelt es an Assessments, um die individuellen Defizite der Patienten zu identifizieren Der Gait Speed Test, der Timed-Up-and-Go-Test und der Hand Grip Test sollten daher in den klinischen Alltag der kardiologischen Rehabilitation implementiert werden, um die k{\"o}rperliche Funktion und Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit {\"a}lterer Patienten detailliert zu beurteilen. In Kombination dieser Assessments mit dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form k{\"o}nnen die individuellen funktionellen und nutritiven Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Patienten w{\"a}hrend der Rehabilitation erkannt und mit geeigneten Maßnahmen die weitere Ausbildung geriatrischer Syndrome gemindert werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MummHermanussen2021,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {A short note on the BMI and on secular changes in BMI},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph.v2.17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Human size changes over time with worldwide secular trends in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). There is general agreement to relate the state of nutrition to height and weight, and to ratios of weight-to-height. The BMI is a ratio. It is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults. Yet, the BMI is inappropriate to provide any immediate information on body composition. It is accepted that the BMI is "a simple index to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults". It is stated that "policies, programmes and investments need to be "nutrition-sensitive", which means they must have positive impacts on nutrition". It is also stated that "a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions". But these statements are neither warranted by arithmetic considerations, nor by historic evidence. Measuring the BMI is an appropriate screening tool for detecting an unusual weight-to-height ratio, but the BMI is an inappropriate tool for estimating body composition, or suggesting medical and health policy decisions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoekerHermanussenScheffler2022,
  author    = {Boeker, Sonja and Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Dental age is an independent marker of biological age},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {3, Summer School Supplement},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph2021.3.24},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Biological age markers are a crucial indicator whether children are decelerated in growth tempo. Skeletal maturation is the standard measure. Yet, it relies on exposing children to x-radiation. Dental eruption is a potential, but highly debated, radiation free alternative.  Objectives: We assess the interrelationship between dental eruption and other maturational markers. We hypothesize that dental age correlates with body height and skeletal age. We further evaluate how the three different variables behave in cohorts from differing social backgrounds. Sample and Method: Dental, skeletal and height data from the 1970s to 1990s from Guatemalan boys were converted into standard deviation scores, using external references for each measurement. The boys, aged between 7 and 12, derived from different social backgrounds (middle SES (N = 6529), low-middle SES (N = 736), low SES Ladino (N = 3653) and low SES Maya (N = 4587). Results: Dental age shows only a weak correlation with skeletal age (0.18) and height (0.2). The distinction between cohorts differs according to each of the three measurements. All cohorts differ significantly in height. In skeletal maturation, the middle SES cohort is significantly advanced compared to all other cohorts. The periodically malnourished cohorts of low SES Mayas and Ladinos are significantly delayed in dental maturation compared to the well-nourished low-middle and middle class Ladino children. Conclusion: Dental development is an independent system, that is regulated by different mechanisms than skeletal development and growth. Tooth eruption is sensitive to nutritional status, whereas skeletal age is more sensitive to socioeconomic background.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerHermanussen2023,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {What does stunting tell us?},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph2022.3.36},
  pages     = {1 -- 15},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Stunting is commonly linked with undernutrition. Yet, already after World War I, German pediatricians questioned this link and stated that no association exists between nutrition and height. Recent analyses within different populations of Low- and middle-income countries with high rates of stunted children failed to support the assumption that stunted children have a low BMI and skinfold sickness as signs of severe caloric deficiency. So, stunting is not a synonym of malnutrition. Parental education level has a positive influence on body height in stunted populations, e.g., in India and in Indonesia. Socially disadvantaged children tend to be shorter and lighter than children from affluent families. Humans are social mammals; they regulate growth similar to other social mammals. Also in humans, body height is strongly associated with the position within the social hierarchy, reflecting the personal and group-specific social, economic, political, and emotional environment. These non-nutritional impact factors on growth are summarized by the concept of SEPE (Social-Economic-Political-Emotional) factors. SEPE reflects on prestige, dominance-subordination, social identity, and ego motivation of individuals and social groups.},
  language  = {en}
}