@phdthesis{Rossmanith2005,
  author    = {Rossmanith, Eva},
  title     = {Breeding biology, mating system and population dynamics of the Lesser Spotted Woodepcker (Picoides minor) : combining empirical and model investigations},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-5328},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The protection of species is one major focus in conservation biology. The basis for any management concept is the knowledge of the species autecology. In my thesis, I studied the life-history traits and population dynamics of the endangered Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (Picoides minor) in Central Europe. Here, I combine a range of approaches, from empirical investigations of a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker population in the Taunus low mountain range in Germany, the analysis of empirical data and the development of an individual-based stochastic model simulating the population dynamics. In the field studies I collected basic demographic data of reproductive success and mortality. Moreover, breeding biology and behaviour were investigated in detail. My results showed a significant decrease of the reproductive success with later timing of breeding, caused by deterioration in food supply. Moreover, mate fidelity was of benefit, since pairs composed of individuals that bred together the previous year started earlier with egg laying and obtained a higher reproductive success. Both sexes were involved in parental care, but the care was only shared equally during incubation and the early nestling stage. In the late nestling stage, parental care strategies differed between sexes: Females considerably decreased feeding rate with number of nestlings and even completely deserted small broods. Males fed their nestlings irrespective of brood size and compensated for the females absence. The organisation of parental care in the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is discussed to provide the possibility for females to mate with two males with separate nests and indeed, polyandry was confirmed. To investigate the influence of the observed flexibility in the social mating system on the population persistence, a stochastic individual-based model simulating the population dynamics of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker was developed, based on empirical results. However, pre-breeding survival rates could not be obtained empirically and I present in this thesis a pattern-oriented modelling approach to estimate pre-breeding survival rates by comparing simulation results with empirical pattern of population structure and reproductive success on population level. Here, I estimated the pre-breeding survival for two Lesser Spotted Woodpecker populations on different latitudes to test the reliability of the results. Finally, I used the same simulation model to investigate the effect of flexibility in the mating system on the persistence of the population. With increasing rate of polyandry in the population, the persistence increased and even low rates of polyandry had a strong influence. Even when presuming only a low polyandry rate and costs of polyandry in terms of higher mortality and lower reproductive success for the secondary male, the positive effect of polyandry on the persistence of the population was still strong. This thesis greatly helped to increase the knowledge of the autecology of an endangered woodpecker species. Beyond the relevance for the species, I could demonstrate here that in general flexibility in mating systems are buffer mechanisms and reduce the impact of environmental and demographic noise.},
  subject      = {Modellierung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NormanHerder2019,
  author    = {Norman, Kristina and Herder, Christian},
  title     = {Sarkopene Adipositas und Inflammation},
  series = {Der Diabetologe},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Der Diabetologe},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1860-9716},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11428-019-0456-x},
  pages     = {311 -- 317},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund: Die Kombination aus {\"U}bergewicht/Adipositas und reduzierter Skelettmuskelmasse (Sarkopenie) f{\"u}hrt zu einem prognostisch ung{\"u}nstigen Ph{\"a}notyp, der als sarkopene Adipositas bezeichnet wird. Ziel der Arbeit: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, eine {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber Diagnosekriterien der sarkopenen Adipositas, ihre klinischen Implikationen, die pathophysiologischen Ursachen mit besonderem Fokus auf der subklinischen Inflammation und den verf{\"u}gbaren therapeutischen Optionen zu geben. Ergebnisse: In aktuellen Studien werden verschiedene Diagnosekriterien der sarkopenen Adipositas verwendet, was einen Vergleich zwischen den Arbeiten erschwert und in Pr{\"a}valenzsch{\"a}tzungen von 2-48 \% in verschiedenen Studienpopulationen resultiert. Nichtsdestotrotz scheint die sarkopene Adipositas einen Risikofaktor f{\"u}r erh{\"o}hte Morbidit{\"a}t und Mortalit{\"a}t darzustellen, wobei kardiometabolische Erkrankungen und funktionelle Einschr{\"a}nkungen am besten erforscht sind. Neben Lebensstil- und genetischen Faktoren werden altersassoziierte endokrine und neuromuskul{\"a}re Parameter diskutiert. Sowohl hohes Lebensalter als auch Adipositas f{\"u}hren zu einer subklinischen Inflammation, die {\"u}ber einen fatalen Feedbackmechanismus zum Muskelabbau und zur Zunahme der Fettmasse beitr{\"a}gt. Hinsichtlich Therapieoptionen stehen derzeit kombinierte Ern{\"a}hrungs- und Bewegungsinterventionen im Vordergrund. Schlussfolgerung: Die sarkopene Adipositas stellt einen klinisch relevanten Ph{\"a}notyp dar, dessen Pathogenese aber nur z. T. verstanden ist, was Maßnahmen der Pr{\"a}vention und Therapie begrenzt. Neue Strategien zu Muskelaufbau und Fettreduktion sind daher dringend erforderlich, um gesundheitliche Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen im h{\"o}heren Lebensalter zu minimieren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Krummenauer2022,
  author    = {Krummenauer, Linda},
  title     = {Global heat adaptation among urban populations and its evolution under different climate futures},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55929},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-559294},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xix, 161},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Heat and increasing ambient temperatures under climate change represent a serious threat to human health in cities. Heat exposure has been studied extensively at a global scale. Studies comparing a defined temperature threshold with the future daytime temperature during a certain period of time, had concluded an increase in threat to human health. Such findings however do not explicitly account for possible changes in future human heat adaptation and might even overestimate heat exposure. Thus, heat adaptation and its development is still unclear. Human heat adaptation refers to the local temperature to which populations are adjusted to. It can be inferred from the lowest point of the U- or V-shaped heat-mortality relationship (HMR), the Minimum Mortality Temperature (MMT). While epidemiological studies inform on the MMT at the city scale for case studies, a general model applicable at the global scale to infer on temporal change in MMTs had not yet been realised. The conventional approach depends on data availability, their robustness, and on the access to daily mortality records at the city scale. Thorough analysis however must account for future changes in the MMT as heat adaptation happens partially passively. Human heat adaptation consists of two aspects: (1) the intensity of the heat hazard that is still tolerated by human populations, meaning the heat burden they can bear and (2) the wealth-induced technological, social and behavioural measures that can be employed to avoid heat exposure. The objective of this thesis is to investigate and quantify human heat adaptation among urban populations at a global scale under the current climate and to project future adaptation under climate change until the end of the century. To date, this has not yet been accomplished. The evaluation of global heat adaptation among urban populations and its evolution under climate change comprises three levels of analysis. First, using the example of Germany, the MMT is calculated at the city level by applying the conventional method. Second, this thesis compiles a data pool of 400 urban MMTs to develop and train a new model capable of estimating MMTs on the basis of physical and socio-economic city characteristics using multivariate non-linear multivariate regression. The MMT is successfully described as a function of the current climate, the topography and the socio-economic standard, independently of daily mortality data for cities around the world. The city-specific MMT estimates represents a measure of human heat adaptation among the urban population. In a final third analysis, the model to derive human heat adaptation was adjusted to be driven by projected climate and socio-economic variables for the future. This allowed for estimation of the MMT and its change for 3 820 cities worldwide for different combinations of climate trajectories and socio-economic pathways until 2100. The knowledge on the evolution of heat adaptation in the future is a novelty as mostly heat exposure and its future development had been researched. In this work, changes in heat adaptation and exposure were analysed jointly. A wide range of possible health-related outcomes up to 2100 was the result, of which two scenarios with the highest socio-economic developments but opposing strong warming levels were highlighted for comparison. Strong economic growth based upon fossil fuel exploitation is associated with a high gain in heat adaptation, but may not be able to compensate for the associated negative health effects due to increased heat exposure in 30\% to 40\% of the cities investigated caused by severe climate change. A slightly less strong, but sustainable growth brings moderate gains in heat adaptation but a lower heat exposure and exposure reductions in 80\% to 84\% of the cities in terms of frequency (number of days exceeding the MMT) and intensity (magnitude of the MMT exceedance) due to a milder global warming. Choosing a 2 ° C compatible development by 2100 would therefore lower the risk of heat-related mortality at the end of the century. In summary, this thesis makes diverse and multidisciplinary contributions to a deeper understanding of human adaptation to heat under the current and the future climate. It is one of the first studies to carry out a systematic and statistical analysis of urban characteristics which are useful as MMT drivers to establish a generalised model of human heat adaptation, applicable at the global level. A broad range of possible heat-related health options for various future scenarios was shown for the first time. This work is of relevance for the assessment of heat-health impacts in regions where mortality data are not accessible or missing. The results are useful for health care planning at the meso- and macro-level and to urban- and climate change adaptation planning. Lastly, beyond having met the posed objective, this thesis advances research towards a global future impact assessment of heat on human health by providing an alternative method of MMT estimation, that is spatially and temporally flexible in its application.},
  language  = {en}
}