@article{KrentzWarschburger2011,
  author    = {Krentz, Eva M. and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Sports-related correlates of disordered eating in aesthetic sports},
  series = {Psychology of sport and exercise : PSE ; an official journal of the European Federation of Sport Psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Psychology of sport and exercise : PSE ; an official journal of the European Federation of Sport Psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1469-0292},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.03.004},
  pages     = {375 -- 382},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Objectives: Eating disorders are more prevalent in aesthetic sports such as figure skating or gymnastics. While many descriptive studies on their prevalence already exist, more and more studies are now examining the reasons for the specific risk of these athletes. The purpose of this study was to focus on sport-specific variables in aesthetic sports and to examine their relation to disordered eating. Design: Cross-sectional. Method: 96 Elite athletes from aesthetic sports (61 girls, 35 boys) were compared to a control group of 96 sex-matched non-athletes. The mean age of participants was M = 14.0 years (SD = 2.2). The questionnaire package included disordered eating, general body dissatisfaction, sports-related body dissatisfaction, desire to be leaner to improve sports performance and social pressure to be lean from sports environment. Results: Athletes from aesthetic sports displayed more eating disorder symptoms but did not differ from the control group with respect to general body dissatisfaction. For athletes in aesthetic sports, the desire to be leaner to improve sports performance was a significant predictor for disordered eating, and mediated the relationship between social pressure from the sports environment and disordered eating. Conclusions: The results suggest that sports-related parameters are relevant for understanding eating disorder symptomatology in aesthetic sports. Athletes from aesthetic sports seem to be more at risk if they perceive the possibility to enhance sports performance through weight-regulation, which appears to be triggered by social pressure to be lean from sports environment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrentzWarschburger2011,
  author    = {Krentz, Eva M. and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Sports-related correlates of disordered eating a comparison between aesthetic and ballgame sports},
  series = {International journal of sport and exercise psychology},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {International journal of sport and exercise psychology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Pozzi},
  address   = {Roma},
  issn      = {0047-0767},
  pages     = {548 -- 564},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Prevalence rates for disordered eating vary between different types of sports (Sundgot-Borgen \& Torstveit, 2004). In this study, athletes of sports with a high risk and low risk for disordered eating were compared regarding potential sports-related risk factors for disordered eating. One hundred and seventy-one aesthetic and ballgame sports athletes participated in this study (mean age 14.1 +/- 1.8 years). Aesthetic sports athletes reported more disordered eating behaviors, sports-related body dissatisfaction, a greater desire to be leaner to improve sports performance and greater social pressure from the sports environment than did ballgame sports athletes. Emotional distress resulting from missed exercise sessions and the desire to be leaner to improve sports performance predicted disordered eating in both sport types. The results suggest that the kinds of risk factors for disordered eating are equal among sport types, but some potential risk factors are more prevalent in aesthetic sports.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JendrzycaWarschburger2016,
  author    = {Jendrzyca, Anna and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Weight stigma and eating behaviours in elementary school children: A prospective population-based study},
  series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
  volume    = {102},
  journal   = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0195-6663},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.005},
  pages     = {51 -- 59},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The relevance of weight stigma as an important factor in disordered eating has been supported by research. However, because most of the studies were cross-sectional and focussed on older children, the causal relationships could not be fully determined in childhood. The current study explores the role of weight stigma in body dissatisfaction and eating behaviours. The sample consisted of 773 girls and 713 boys, aged 6-11 years, who completed surveys assessing weight stigma experiences, body dissatisfaction and eating behaviours at two points of measurement, approximately one year apart. The children's external and disordered eating was rated via parental questionnaires. As expected, the pattern of the associations between weight status, weight stigma, body dissatisfaction and eating behaviours differed by gender. Experience of weight stigma in girls led to external and restrained eating one year later, whereas in boys no such association was observed. Body dissatisfaction mediated the association between weight stigma and restrained eating behaviours in girls, whereas in boys, body dissatisfaction directly influenced restrained eating behaviours. However, in both girls and boys weight status predicted body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, while weight stigma did not have a direct effect on disordered eating. Results suggest that interventions involving weight stigma should be a part of eating disorder prevention programmes, and gender-specific pathways should be considered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HelfertWarschburger2011,
  author    = {Helfert, Susanne and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {A prospective study on the impact of peer and parental pressure on body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and boys},
  series = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1740-1445},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.004},
  pages     = {101 -- 109},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The current study explores the role of appearance-related social pressure regarding changes in body image in adolescent girls (n = 236) and boys (n = 193) over a 1-year-period. High school students aged 11-16 completed measures of body dissatisfaction (i.e., weight and muscle concerns) and appearance-related social pressure from peers and parents. Three aspects proved to be particularly crucial: Parental encouragement to control weight and shape was a strong predictor of weight concerns in boys and girls alike; influences of friends affected gender-specific body image concerns by leading to weight concerns in girls and muscle concerns in boys; finally appearance-based exclusion was a predictor of weight concerns in boys. The findings provide longitudinal evidence for the crucial impact of appearance-related social pressure and suggest that a detailed assessment of different types of social impacts can identify concrete targets for effective prevention and therapy for weight-related problems among adolescents.},
  language  = {en}
}