@article{HenningKochlikKuschetal.2022,
  author    = {Henning, Thorsten and Kochlik, Bastian Max and Kusch, Paula and Strauss, Matthias and Juric, Viktorija and Pignitter, Marc and Marusch, Frank and Grune, Tilman and Weber, Daniela},
  title     = {Pre-Operative assessment of micronutrients, amino acids, phospholipids and oxidative stress in bariatric surgery candidates},
  series = {Antioxidants : open access journal},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Antioxidants : open access journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2076-3921},
  doi       = {10.3390/antiox11040774},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Obesity has been linked to lower concentrations of fat-soluble micronutrients and higher concentrations of oxidative stress markers as well as an altered metabolism of branched chain amino acids and phospholipids. In the context of morbid obesity, the aim of this study was to investigate whether and to which extent plasma status of micronutrients, amino acids, phospholipids and oxidative stress differs between morbidly obese (n = 23) and non-obese patients (n = 13). In addition to plasma, malondialdehyde, retinol, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in both groups. Plasma gamma-tocopherol was significantly lower (p < 0.011) in the obese group while other fat-soluble micronutrients showed no statistically significant differences between both groups. Branched-chain amino acids (all p < 0.008) and lysine (p < 0.006) were significantly higher in morbidly obese patients compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde concentrations in both visceral (p < 0.016) and subcutaneous (p < 0.002) adipose tissue were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group while plasma markers of oxidative stress showed no significant differences between both groups. Significantly lower plasma concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (all p < 0.05) and their corresponding ether-linked analogs were observed, which were all reduced in obese participants compared to the control group. Pre-operative assessment of micronutrients in patients undergoing bariatric surgery is recommended for early identification of patients who might be at higher risk to develop a severe micronutrient deficiency post-surgery. Assessment of plasma BCAAs and phospholipids in obese patients might help to differentiate between metabolic healthy patients and those with metabolic disorders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchweigertReimann2011,
  author    = {Schweigert, Florian J. and Reimann, J.},
  title     = {Micronutrients and their Relevance for the Eye - Function of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids},
  series = {Klinische Monatsbl{\"a}tter f{\"u}r Augenheilkunde},
  volume    = {228},
  journal   = {Klinische Monatsbl{\"a}tter f{\"u}r Augenheilkunde},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0023-2165},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0029-1245527},
  pages     = {537 -- 543},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Micronutrients play an important role in function and health maintenance for the eye. Especially lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids perform remarkable functions: lutein together with zeaxanthin forms the macular pigment, these carotenoids filter out the damaging blue light component from the sunlight as well as the ultraviolet light which leads to improved contrast sensitivity and less problems with screen glare. Furthermore, the macular pigment has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The omega-3 fatty acids also possess anti-inflammatory effects and, when converted into neuroprotectin, they protect against oxidative induced apoptosis in the retina. They are also responsible for the fluidity and supply to the photoreceptor membrane. These properties are important for the prevention and treatment of degenerative eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration. However, older people are often not sufficiently supplied of micronutrients in their diet. Because the supply of nutrients can hardly be achieved by dietary change, the additional intake in the form of food supplements is useful in this age group. Scientific studies have shown the positive effects of supplementation with micronutrients such as lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA and EPA). Currently available nutritional products are based in part on the ingredients of the ARED study (Age Related Eye Disease Study). According to more recent studies formulations containing lutein and omega-3 fatty acids in physiologically meaningful doses without additional beta-carotene should be preferred. 10 to 20 mg of lutein and zeaxanthin represent a safe daily dose Regarding to the context above, beta-carotene in high doses plays a minor role to the eye and is especially critical for the health of smokers. This paper summarises the functions of the presented micronutrients in the eye and can assist ophthalmologists in advising their patients.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WeberKochlikDemuthetal.2020,
  author    = {Weber, Daniela and Kochlik, Bastian Max and Demuth, Ilja and Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth and Grune, Tilman and Norman, Kristina},
  title     = {Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol},
  series = {Redox Biology},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Redox Biology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2213-2317},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.redox.2020.101461},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, which is related to high plasma levels of lipid-soluble micro-nutrients such as carotenoids and tocopherols, is linked to lower incidences of various age-related diseases. Differences in lipid-soluble micronutrient blood concentrations seem to be associated with age. Our retrospective analysis included men and women aged 22-37 and 60-85 years from the Berlin Aging Study II. Participants with simultaneously available plasma samples and dietary data were included (n = 1973). Differences between young and old groups were found for plasma lycopene, alpha-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-cryptoxanthin (only in women), and gamma-tocopherol (only in men). beta-Carotene, retinol and lutein/zeaxanthin did not differ between young and old participants regardless of the sex. We found significant associations for lycopene, alpha-carotene (both inverse), alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and beta-carotene (all positive) with age. Adjusting for BMI, smoking status, season, cholesterol and dietary intake confirmed these associations, except for beta-carotene. These micronutrients are important antioxidants and associated with lower incidence of age-related diseases, therefore it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to implement dietary strategies for the prevention of age-related diseases. To explain the lower lycopene and alpha-carotene concentration in older subjects, bioavailability studies in older participants are necessary.},
  language  = {en}
}