@article{DeekenRezoHinzetal.2019, author = {Deeken, Friederike and Rezo, Anna and Hinz, Matthias and Discher, Robert and Rapp, Michael Armin}, title = {Evaluation of technology-based interventions for informal caregivers of patients with dementia}, series = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry}, volume = {27}, journal = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1064-7481}, doi = {10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.003}, pages = {426 -- 445}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of technology-based interventions for informal caregivers of people with dementia (PWD). Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in August 2018, with no restrictions in language or publication date. Two independent reviewers identified 33 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducting a technology-based intervention for informal carers of PWD. Meta-analyses for the outcome measures caregiver depression and caregiver burden were conducted with subgroup analyses according to mode of delivery (telephone, computer/web-based, combined interventions). To assess methodologic quality, the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment was rated. Results: Meta-analyses revealed a small but significant postintervention effect of technology-based interventions for caregiver depression and caregiver burden. Combined interventions showed the strongest effects. Conclusion: Technology-based interventions have the potential to support informal caregivers of PWD. Because of advantages such as high flexibility and availability, technology-based interventions provide a promising alternative compared with "traditional services," e.g., those for people living in rural areas. More high-quality RCTs for specific caregiver groups are needed.}, language = {en} } @article{DiekmannAndresBeckeretal.2019, author = {Diekmann, Martin and Andres, Christian and Becker, Thomas and Bennie, Jonathan and Blueml, Volker and Bullock, James M. and Culmsee, Heike and Fanigliulo, Miriam and Hahn, Annett and Heinken, Thilo and Leuschner, Christoph and Luka, Stefanie and Meissner, Justus and M{\"u}ller, Josef and Newton, Adrian and Peppler-Lisbach, Cord and Rosenthal, Gert and van den Berg, Leon J. L. and Vergeer, Philippine and Wesche, Karsten}, title = {Patterns of long-term vegetation change vary between different types of semi-natural grasslands in Western and Central Europe}, series = {Journal of vegetation science}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of vegetation science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1100-9233}, doi = {10.1111/jvs.12727}, pages = {187 -- 202}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Questions Has plant species richness in semi-natural grasslands changed over recent decades? Do the temporal trends of habitat specialists differ from those of habitat generalists? Has there been a homogenization of the grassland vegetation? Location Different regions in Germany and the UK. Methods We conducted a formal meta-analysis of re-survey vegetation studies of semi-natural grasslands. In total, 23 data sets were compiled, spanning up to 75 years between the surveys, including 13 data sets from wet grasslands, six from dry grasslands and four from other grassland types. Edaphic conditions were assessed using mean Ellenberg indicator values for soil moisture, nitrogen and pH. Changes in species richness and environmental variables were evaluated using response ratios. Results In most wet grasslands, total species richness declined over time, while habitat specialists almost completely vanished. The number of species losses increased with increasing time between the surveys and were associated with a strong decrease in soil moisture and higher soil nutrient contents. Wet grasslands in nature reserves showed no such changes or even opposite trends. In dry grasslands and other grassland types, total species richness did not consistently change, but the number or proportions of habitat specialists declined. There were also considerable changes in species composition, especially in wet grasslands that often have been converted into intensively managed, highly productive meadows or pastures. We did not find a general homogenization of the vegetation in any of the grassland types. Conclusions The results document the widespread deterioration of semi-natural grasslands, especially of those types that can easily be transformed to high production grasslands. The main causes for the loss of grassland specialists are changed management in combination with increased fertilization and nitrogen deposition. Dry grasslands are most resistant to change, but also show a long-term trend towards an increase in more mesotrophic species.}, language = {en} } @article{JannaschKroegerAgnolietal.2019, author = {Jannasch, Franziska and Kr{\"o}ger, Janine and Agnoli, Claudia and Barricarte, Aurelio and Boeing, Heiner and Cayssials, Val{\´e}rie and Colorado-Yohar, Sandra and Dahm, Christina C. and Dow, Courtney and Fagherazzi, Guy and Franks, Paul W. and Freisling, Heinz and Gunter, Marc J. and Kerrison, Nicola D. and Key, Timothy J. and Khaw, Kay-Tee and K{\"u}hn, Tilman and Kyro, Cecilie and Mancini, Francesca Romana and Mokoroa, Olatz and Nilsson, Peter and Overvad, Kim and Palli, Domenico and Panico, Salvatore and Quiros Garcia, Jose Ramon and Rolandsson, Olov and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Sanchez, Maria-Jose and Sahrai, Mohammad Sediq and Sch{\"u}bel, Ruth and Sluijs, Ivonne and Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W. and Tjonneland, Anne and Tong, Tammy Y. N. and Tumino, Rosario and Riboli, Elio and Langenberg, Claudia and Sharp, Stephen J. and Forouhi, Nita G. and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Wareham, Nicholas J.}, title = {Generalizability of a Diabetes-Associated Country-Specific Exploratory Dietary Pattern Is Feasible Across European Populations}, series = {The Journal of Nutrition}, volume = {149}, journal = {The Journal of Nutrition}, number = {6}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3166}, doi = {10.1093/jn/nxz031}, pages = {1047 -- 1055}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: Population-specificity of exploratory dietary patterns limits their generalizability in investigations with type 2 diabetes incidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to derive country-specific exploratory dietary patterns, investigate their association with type 2 diabetes incidence, and replicate diabetes-associated dietary patterns in other countries. Methods: Dietary intake data were used, assessed by country-specific questionnaires at baseline of 11,183 incident diabetes cases and 14,694 subcohort members (mean age 52.9 y) from 8 countries, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (mean follow-up time 6.9 y). Exploratory dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. HRs for incident type 2 diabetes were calculated by Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. Diabetes-associated dietary patterns were simplified or replicated to be applicable in other countries. A meta-analysis across all countries evaluated the generalizability of the diabetes-association. Results: Two dietary patterns per country/UK-center, of which overall 3 dietary patterns were diabetes-associated, were identified. A risk-lowering French dietary pattern was not confirmed across other countries: pooled HRFrance per 1 SD: 1.00; 95\% CI: 0.90, 1.10. Risk-increasing dietary patterns, derived in Spain and UK-Norfolk, were confirmed, but only the latter statistically significantly: HRSpain: 1.09; 95\% CI: 0.97, 1.22 and HRUK-Norfolk: 1.12; 95\% CI: 1.04, 1.20. Respectively, this dietary pattern was characterized by relatively high intakes of potatoes, processed meat, vegetable oils, sugar, cake and cookies, and tea. Conclusions: Only few country/center-specific dietary patterns (3 of 18) were statistically significantly associated with diabetes incidence in this multicountry European study population. One pattern, whose association with diabetes was confirmed across other countries, showed overlaps in the food groups potatoes and processed meat with identified diabetes-associated dietary patterns from other studies. The study demonstrates that replication of associations of exploratory patterns with health outcomes is feasible and a necessary step to overcome population-specificity in associations from such analyses.}, language = {en} } @misc{PhilippKristonLanioetal.2019, author = {Philipp, Rebecca and Kriston, Levente and Lanio, Jana and K{\"u}hne, Franziska and H{\"a}rter, Martin and Moritz, Steffen and Meister, Ramona}, title = {Effectiveness of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders in adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis (METACOG)}, series = {Clinical psychology \& psychotherapy}, volume = {26}, journal = {Clinical psychology \& psychotherapy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1063-3995}, doi = {10.1002/cpp.2345}, pages = {227 -- 240}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders. We searched electronic databases and included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials comparing metacognitive interventions with other treatments in adults with mental disorders. Primary effectiveness and acceptability outcomes were symptom severity and dropout, respectively. We performed random-effects meta-analyses. We identified Metacognitive Training (MCTrain), Metacognitive Therapy (MCTherap), and Metacognition Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT). We included 49 trials with 2,609 patients. In patients with schizophrenia, MCTrain was more effective than a psychological treatment (cognitive remediation, SMD = -0.39). It bordered significance when compared with standard or other psychological treatments. In a post hoc analysis, across all studies, the pooled effect was significant (SMD = -0.31). MCTrain was more effective than standard treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (SMD = -0.40). MCTherap was more effective than a waitlist in patients with depression (SMD = -2.80), posttraumatic stress disorder (SMD = -2.36), and psychological treatments (cognitive-behavioural) in patients with anxiety (SMD = -0.46). In patients with depression, MCTherap was not superior to psychological treatment (cognitive-behavioural). For MERIT, the database was too small to allow solid conclusions. Acceptability of metacognitive interventions among patients was high on average. Methodological quality was mostly unclear or moderate. Metacognitive interventions are likely to be effective in alleviating symptom severity in mental disorders. Although their add-on value against existing psychological interventions awaits to be established, potential advantages are their low threshold and economy.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuchStubbsMeyeretal.2019, author = {Schuch, Felipe B. and Stubbs, Brendon and Meyer, Jacob and Heissel, Andreas and Zech, Philipp and Vancampfort, Davy and Rosenbaum, Simon and Deenik, Jeroen and Firth, Joseph and Ward, Philip B. and Carvalho, Andre F. and Hiles, Sarah A.}, title = {Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies}, series = {Depression and anxiety}, volume = {36}, journal = {Depression and anxiety}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1091-4269}, doi = {10.1002/da.22915}, pages = {846 -- 858}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Prospective cohorts have suggested that physical activity (PA) can decrease the risk of incident anxiety. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted. Aims To examine the prospective relationship between PA and incident anxiety and explore potential moderators. Methods Searches were conducted on major databases from inception to October 10, 2018 for prospective studies (at least 1 year of follow-up) that calculated the odds ratio (OR) of incident anxiety in people with high PA against people with low PA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted and heterogeneity was explored using subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Results Across 14 cohorts of 13 unique prospective studies (N = 75,831, median males = 50.1\%) followed for 357,424 person-years, people with high self-reported PA (versus low PA) were at reduced odds of developing anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95\% confidence level [95\% CI] = 0.62, 0.88; crude OR = 0.80; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.92). High self-reported PA was protective against the emergence of agoraphobia (AOR = 0.42; 95\% CI = 0.18, 0.98) and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 0.57; 95\% CI = 0.39, 0.85). The protective effects for anxiety were evident in Asia (AOR = 0.31; 95\% CI = 0.10, 0.96) and Europe (AOR = 0.82; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.97); for children/adolescents (AOR = 0.52; 95\% CI = 0.29, 0.90) and adults (AOR = 0.81; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.95). Results remained robust when adjusting for confounding factors. Overall study quality was moderate to high (mean NOS = 6.7 out of 9). Conclusion Evidence supports the notion that self-reported PA can confer protection against the emergence of anxiety regardless of demographic factors. In particular, higher PA levels protects from agoraphobia and posttraumatic disorder.}, language = {en} }